Yadda ake Saita NFS (Tsarin Fayil na Yanar Gizo) akan RHEL/CentOS/Fedora da Debian/Ubuntu

NFS (Tsarin Fayil na Yanar Gizo) an haɓaka asali ne don raba fayiloli da manyan fayiloli tsakanin tsarin Linux/Unix ta Sun Microsystems a cikin 1980. Yana ba ku damar hawa tsarin fayil ɗin ku na gida akan hanyar sadarwa da runduna mai nisa don yin hulɗa tare da su yayin da ake ɗora su a gida. akan tsarin guda. Tare da taimakon NFS, zamu iya saita raba fayil tsakanin Unix zuwa tsarin Linux da Linux zuwa tsarin Unix.

  1. NFS yana ba da damar shiga gida zuwa fayilolin nesa.
  2. Yana amfani da daidaitaccen tsarin gine-gine na abokin ciniki/uwar garken don raba fayil tsakanin duk * injunan tushen nix.
  3. Tare da NFS ba lallai ba ne cewa duka injina suna aiki akan OS iri ɗaya.
  4. Tare da taimakon NFS za mu iya daidaita hanyoyin da aka keɓance ma'ajiya.
  5. Masu amfani suna samun bayanansu ba tare da la'akari da wurin zahiri ba.
  6. Babu sabuntawar hannu da ake buƙata don sabbin fayiloli.
  7. Sabuwar sigar NFS kuma tana goyan bayan acl, tushen tushen tushen pseudo.
  8. Za a iya kiyaye shi da Firewalls da Kerberos.

Sabis ɗin da aka ƙaddamar da System V. Kunshin uwar garken NFS ya ƙunshi wurare uku, waɗanda aka haɗa a cikin taswirar tashar jiragen ruwa da fakitin nfs-utils.

  1. Taswirar hoto: Yana tsara taswirar kiran da aka yi daga wasu injina zuwa madaidaicin sabis na RPC (ba a buƙata tare da NFSv4).
  2. nfs: Yana fassara buƙatun raba fayil mai nisa zuwa buƙatun kan tsarin fayil na gida.
  3. rpc.mountd: Wannan sabis ɗin yana da alhakin hawa da cirewar tsarin fayil.

  1. /etc/exports : Babban fayil ɗin sanyi ne na NFS, duk fayilolin da aka fitar da kundayen adireshi an bayyana su a cikin wannan fayil ɗin a ƙarshen uwar garken NFS.
  2. /etc/fstab : Don hawa kundin adireshi na NFS akan tsarin ku a fadin sake yi, muna buƙatar shigar da /etc/fstab.
  3. /etc/sysconfig/nfs : Fayil na Kanfigareshan na NFS don sarrafa abin da tashar rpc da sauran ayyuka ke sauraro.

Saita da Sanya NFS Mounts akan Linux Server

Don saita matakan NFS, za mu buƙaci aƙalla na'urori biyu na Linux/Unix. Anan a cikin wannan koyawa, zan yi amfani da sabobin biyu.

  1. Sabar NFS: nfserver.example.com tare da IP-192.168.0.100
  2. Abokin ciniki na NFS: nfsclient.example.com tare da IP-192.168.0.101

Muna buƙatar shigar da fakitin NFS akan uwar garken NFS ɗinmu da kuma kan injin Client na NFS. Za mu iya shigar da shi ta hanyar yum (Red Hat Linux) da apt-samun (Debian da Ubuntu).

 yum install nfs-utils nfs-utils-lib
 yum install portmap (not required with NFSv4)
 apt-get install nfs-utils nfs-utils-lib

Yanzu fara ayyukan akan injinan biyu.

 /etc/init.d/portmap start
 /etc/init.d/nfs start
 chkconfig --level 35 portmap on
 chkconfig --level 35 nfs on

Bayan shigar da fakiti da farawa ayyuka akan injinan biyu, muna buƙatar saita duka injin ɗin don raba fayil ɗin.

Saita Sabar NFS

Da farko za mu daidaita uwar garken NFS.

Don raba kundin adireshi tare da NFS, muna buƙatar yin shigarwa a cikin/sauransu/fitarwa fayil ɗin sanyi. Anan zan ƙirƙiri sabon kundin adireshi mai suna \nfsshare a cikin ɓangaren/don rabawa tare da uwar garken abokin ciniki, zaku iya raba kundin adireshi da aka rigaya tare da NFS.

 mkdir /nfsshare

Yanzu muna buƙatar yin shigarwa a cikin/sauransu/fitar da kaya kuma mu sake farawa ayyukan don sanya kundin adireshi a cikin hanyar sadarwa.

 vi /etc/exports

/nfsshare 192.168.0.101(rw,sync,no_root_squash)

A cikin misalin da ke sama, akwai directory a/partition mai suna \nfsshare ana rabawa tare da abokin ciniki IP 192.168.0.101 tare da damar karantawa da rubuta (rw), kuna iya amfani da sunan mai masaukin abokin ciniki a wurin IP. a sama misali.

Wasu zaɓuɓɓukan da za mu iya amfani da su a cikin /etc/exports fayil don raba fayil kamar haka.

  1. ro: Tare da taimakon wannan zaɓi za mu iya ba da damar karantawa kawai ga fayilolin da aka raba watau abokin ciniki kawai zai iya karantawa.
  2. rw: Wannan zaɓi yana bawa uwar garken abokin ciniki damar karantawa da rubuta damar shiga cikin kundin adireshi.
  3. sync: Daidaitawa yana tabbatar da buƙatun zuwa kundin adireshi kawai da zarar an aiwatar da canje-canje.
  4. no_subtree_check: Wannan zaɓin yana hana duba bishiyar. Lokacin da kundin adireshi shine babban kundin tsarin fayil mafi girma, nfs yana yin sikanin kowane kundin adireshi da ke sama, don tabbatar da izini da cikakkun bayanai. Kashe rajistan bishiyar na iya ƙara amincin NFS, amma rage tsaro.
  5. no_root_squash: Wannan jimlar tana ba da damar tushen haɗin kai zuwa kundin da aka keɓe.

Don ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka tare da /etc/exports, ana ba ku shawarar karanta shafukan mutum don fitarwa.

Saita Abokin Ciniki na NFS

Bayan daidaita uwar garken NFS, muna buƙatar hawa waccan jagorar da aka raba ko bangare a cikin sabar abokin ciniki.

Yanzu a ƙarshen abokin ciniki na NFS, muna buƙatar hawa waccan jagorar a cikin sabar mu don samun dama gare shi a gida. Don yin haka, da farko muna buƙatar gano cewa akwai hannun jari akan sabar mai nisa ko Sabar NFS.

 showmount -e 192.168.0.100

Export list for 192.168.0.100:
/nfsshare 192.168.0.101

Sama da umarni yana nuna cewa ana samun kundin adireshi mai suna \nfsshare a 192.168.0.100 don rabawa tare da sabar ku.

Don hawan wannan babban fayil na NFS za mu iya amfani da umarnin dutsen.

 mount -t nfs 192.168.0.100:/nfsshare /mnt/nfsshare

Umurnin da ke sama zai hau wannan kundin adireshi a cikin /mnt/nfsshare akan uwar garken abokin ciniki. Kuna iya tabbatar da shi ta bin umarni.

 mount | grep nfs

sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw)
192.168.0.100:/nfsshare on /mnt type nfs (rw,addr=192.168.0.100)

Umurnin dutsen da ke sama ya ɗora kundin adireshi na nfs ga abokin ciniki na nfs na ɗan lokaci, don hawa kundin adireshi na NFS na dindindin akan tsarin ku a cikin sake yi, muna buƙatar shigar da/sauransu/fstab.

 vi /etc/fstab

Ƙara sabon layi mai zuwa kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.

192.168.0.100:/nfsshare /mnt  nfs defaults 0 0

Gwada Aiki na Saitin NFS

Za mu iya gwada saitin uwar garken NFS ɗin mu ta hanyar ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin gwaji akan ƙarshen uwar garken kuma duba samuwarsa a gefen abokin ciniki nfs ko akasin haka.

Na ƙirƙiri sabon fayil ɗin rubutu mai suna \nfstest.txt' a cikin wannan kundin adireshi.

 cat > /nfsshare/nfstest.txt

This is a test file to test the working of NFS server setup.

Je zuwa waccan jagorar da aka raba a cikin uwar garken abokin ciniki kuma za ku sami wancan fayil ɗin da aka raba ba tare da sabunta aikin hannu ko sake kunna sabis ba.

 ll /mnt/nfsshare
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 61 Sep 21 21:44 nfstest.txt
[email  ~]# cat /mnt/nfsshare/nfstest.txt
This is a test file to test the working of NFS server setup.

Cire Dutsen NFS

Idan kuna son cire wannan babban fayil ɗin da aka raba daga uwar garken ku bayan kun gama raba fayil ɗin, zaku iya kawai cire wannan takamaiman adireshin tare da umarnin \umount. Dubi wannan misalin a ƙasa.

[email  ~]# umount /mnt/nfsshare

Kuna iya ganin cewa an cire tudun ta hanyar sake duba tsarin fayil ɗin.

 df -h -F nfs

Za ku ga cewa waɗannan kundayen adireshi ba su da samuwa kuma.

Wasu ƙarin mahimman umarni don NFS.

  1. showmount-e : Yana nuna hannun jarin da ke akwai akan injin ku na gida
  2. showmount -e : Ya jera hannun jari da ake da su a sabar nesa
  3. showmount -d : Ya jera dukkan kananan kundayen adireshi
  4. exportfs -v : Yana nuna jerin fayilolin hannun jari da zaɓuɓɓuka akan sabar
  5. exportfs -a : Yana fitar da duk hannun jari da aka jera a /etc/exports, ko sunan da aka ba su
  6. exportfs -u : Yana fitar da duk hannun jari da aka jera a /etc/exports, ko sunan da aka ba su
  7. exportfs -r : Sake sabunta jerin sabar bayan an gyara /etc/exports

Wannan shi ne tare da hawan NFS a yanzu, wannan farkon farawa ne, zan fito da ƙarin zaɓi da fasali na NFS a cikin labaranmu na gaba. Har zuwa lokacin, Kasance tare da linux-console.net don ƙarin koyawa masu kayatarwa da ban sha'awa a nan gaba. Ku bar ra'ayoyinku da shawarwarinku a ƙasa a cikin akwatin sharhi.