Sailing Ta Duniya na Linux BASH Rubutun - Sashe na III

Abubuwan da suka gabata na gaba na jerin 'Shell Scripting' sun kasance masu matukar gamsuwa kuma saboda haka nake rubuta wannan labarin don faɗaɗa tsarin koyo da ƙarewa.

  1. Fahimci Basic Linux Shell Rubutun Nasihun Harshe - Sashe Na I
    2. Rubutun Shell 5 don Sabbin Linux don Koyon Shirye-shiryen Harshen - Sashe na II

Mabuɗin kalma kalma ce ko alama wacce ke da mahimmiyar ma'ana ga yaren kwamfuta. Alamu da kalmomi masu zuwa suna da ma'anoni na musamman ga Bash lokacin da ba'a cire su ba kuma farkon kalmar umarni.

! 			esac 			select 		} 
case 			fi 			then 		[[ 
do 			for 			until 		]] 
done 			function 		while 		elif
if 			time 			else 		in 		{

Ba kamar yawancin harsunan komputa ba, Bash yana ba da damar amfani da kalmomin shiga azaman sunaye masu canzawa duk da cewa wannan na iya sa rubutun ya zama mai wahalar karantawa. Don kiyaye rubutun fahimta, kada a yi amfani da kalmomin maɓalli don sunaye masu canzawa.

Ana aiwatar da umarni a cikin harsashi azaman $(umarni). Kuna iya haɗawa da cikakkiyar hanyar umarni. misali, & # 36 (/ bin/kwanan wata), don aiwatarwa daidai.

Kuna iya sanin hanyar takamaiman shirin ta amfani da 'whereis' command. misali, kwanan wata

 whereis date
date: /bin/date /usr/share/man/man1/date.1.gz

Wannan ya isa a yanzu. Ba za mu yi magana sosai game da waɗannan ka'idar yanzu ba. Zuwa zuwa rubutun.

Matsar da Littafin Aiki na Yanzu

Motsa daga kundin adireshin aiki na yanzu zuwa kowane matakin sama ta hanyar samar da ƙididdigar lamba a ƙarshen rubutun yayin aiwatarwa.

#! /bin/bash 
LEVEL=$1 
for ((i = 1; i <= LEVEL; i++)) 
do 
CDIR=../$CDIR 
done 
cd $CDIR 
echo "You are in: "$PWD 
exec /bin/bash

Adana lambobin da ke sama azaman “up.sh”, akan tebur ɗinka. Sanya shi zartarwa (chmod 755 up.sh). Gudu:

./up.sh 2 (zai Matsar da kundin aiki na yanzu zuwa matakin hawa biyu).
./up.sh 4 (zai Matsar da kundin aiki na yanzu zuwa matakin hawa hudu).

A cikin manyan rubutattun rubutu wanda ya ƙunshi babban fayil a cikin babban fayil a ciki… mai ɗauke da ɗakunan karatu, binaries, gumaka, zartarwa, da sauransu a wurare daban-daban, Ku a matsayin ku na masu haɓaka za ku iya aiwatar da wannan rubutun don matsawa zuwa wurin da ake so a cikin yanayin sarrafa kansa.

Lura: Domin madauki ne a cikin rubutun da ke sama kuma zai ci gaba da aiwatarwa har sai ƙimomin sun zama gaskiya ga madauki.

 chmod 755 up
 ./up.sh 2
You are in: /

 ./up.sh 4 
You are in: /

Irƙiri Random fayil ko Jaka

Createirƙiri fayil ɗin bazuwar (babban fayil) ba tare da damar yin kwafi ba.

#! /bin/bash

echo "Hello $USER";
echo "$(uptime)" >> "$(date)".txt
echo "Your File is being saved to $(pwd)"

Wannan rubutun Sauki ne amma yana aiki ba sauki sosai ba.

  1. 'amsa kuwwa': Ya buga duk abin da aka rubuta a cikin ƙidodi.
  2. ‘$‘: Shine mai canza harsashi.
  3. ‘>>‘: Ana juya abin da aka fitar zuwa fitowar umarnin kwanan wata wanda kuma ya biyo bayan karin txt.

Mun san fitowar umarnin kwanan wata kwanan wata, kuma lokaci a cikin awa, minti, na biyu tare da shekara. Saboda haka zamu iya samun fitarwa akan sunan fayil mai tsari ba tare da damar kwafin sunan fayil ba. Zai iya zama da amfani sosai lokacin da mai amfani yake buƙatar fayil ɗin da aka ƙirƙira tare da hatimin lokaci don tunani na gaba.

 ./randomfile.sh  
Hello server 
Your File is being saved to /home/server/Desktop

Kuna iya duba fayil ɗin da aka ƙirƙira akan tebur tare da Kwanan Yau da lokacin yanzu.

 nano Sat\ Jul\ 20\ 13\:51\:52\ IST\ 2013.txt 
13:51:52 up  3:54,  1 user,  load average: 0.09, 0.12, 0.08

An ba da cikakkun bayanai game da rubutun da ke sama a ƙasa, wanda ke aiki akan ƙa'idar da ke sama kuma yana da matukar amfani wajen tara bayanan hanyar sadarwar uwar garken Linux.

Rubutu don Tattara Bayanin Yanar Gizo

Tattara bayanan hanyar sadarwa akan sabar Linux. Rubutun ya yi yawa kuma ba zai yuwu a sanya duk lambar da fitowar rubutun nan ba. Don haka, yana da kyau zaku iya zazzage rubutun ta amfani da hanyar saukar da hanyar da ke ƙasa sannan ku gwada da kanku.

Lura: Kuna iya shigar da kunshin lsb-core da sauran abubuwan buƙatun da ake buƙata da dogaro. Apt ko Yum abubuwan da ake buƙata. Babu shakka kuna buƙatar zama tushen don gudanar da rubutun saboda yawancin umarnin da aka yi amfani da su a nan an saita su don gudana azaman tushe.

 ./collectnetworkinfo.sh  

The Network Configuration Info Written To network.20-07-13.info.txt. Please email this file to [email _provider.com. ktop

Kuna iya canza adireshin imel ɗin da ke sama a cikin rubutun ku don a turo muku. Ana iya duban fayil ɗin da aka kirkira ta atomatik.

Rubuta don Juya UPPERCASE zuwa ƙaramin ƙaramin rubutu

Rubutun da ke canza UPPERCASE zuwa ƙaramin ƙarami kuma ya sake tura fitarwa zuwa fayil ɗin rubutu “small.txt” wanda za a iya gyara kamar yadda ake buƙata.

#!/bin/bash 

echo -n "Enter File Name : " 
read fileName 

if [ ! -f $fileName ]; then 
  echo "Filename $fileName does not exists" 
  exit 1 
fi 

tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]' < $fileName >> small.txt

Wannan rubutun da ke sama yana iya canza yanayin fayil na kowane tsayi tare da dannawa ɗaya daga babban zuwa ƙarami da kuma akasin haka idan an buƙata, tare da ɗan gyare-gyare kaɗan.

 ./convertlowercase.sh  
Enter File Name : a.txt 

Initial File: 
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
...

Sabon Fayil (small.txt) fitarwa:

a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
...

Shirye-shiryen Kalkaleta Mai Sauƙi

#! /bin/bash 
clear 
sum=0 
i="y" 

echo " Enter one no." 
read n1 
echo "Enter second no." 
read n2 
while [ $i = "y" ] 
do 
echo "1.Addition" 
echo "2.Subtraction" 
echo "3.Multiplication" 
echo "4.Division" 
echo "Enter your choice" 
read ch 
case $ch in 
    1)sum=`expr $n1 + $n2` 
     echo "Sum ="$sum;; 
        2)sum=`expr $n1 - $n2` 
     echo "Sub = "$sum;; 
    3)sum=`expr $n1 \* $n2` 
     echo "Mul = "$sum;; 
    4)sum=`expr $n1 / $n2` 
     echo "Div = "$sum;; 
    *)echo "Invalid choice";; 
esac 
echo "Do u want to continue (y/n)) ?" 
read i 
if [ $i != "y" ] 
then 
    exit 
fi 
done
 ./simplecalc.sh 

Enter one no. 
12 
Enter second no. 
14 
1.Addition 
2.Subtraction 
3.Multiplication 
4.Division 
Enter your choice 
1 
Sum =26 
Do u want to continue (y/n)) ? 
y
1.Addition 
2.Subtraction 
3.Multiplication 
4.Division 
Enter your choice 
3 
mul = 14812
Do u want to continue (y/n)) ? 
n

Don haka kun ga yadda sauƙi ya kasance don ƙirƙirar shiri mai ƙarfi azaman lissafi irin wannan hanya mai sauƙi. Its 'ba karshen. Za mu tattara tare da aƙalla ƙarin makala ɗaya na wannan jerin, wanda ke ɗaukar cikakkiyar hangen nesa daga ra'ayin gudanarwa.

Wannan kenan a yanzu. Kasancewa mai karatu da mafi kyawun sukar kar ka manta ka gaya mana nawa da abin da kuka ji daɗi a cikin wannan labarin da abin da kuke son gani a cikin labarin na gaba. Duk wata tambaya ana maraba da ita sosai a cikin sharhi. Har sai an kasance cikin koshin lafiya, aminci da saurare. Like da Share mu kuma taimaka mana yadawa.