Saitin Ci gaban Python Ta Amfani da Visual Studio Code

Da farko dai, menene IDE kuma me yasa muke buƙatar ɗaya? Hadadden yanayin ci gaba aikace-aikace ne wanda ke samar da ikon rubuta shirye-shirye, gwada shi, da kuma gyara shi da ƙarin fasali da yawa don faɗi.

Zaɓin zaɓin IDE koyaushe yana ga masu shirye-shirye. IDE na zamani an gina shi azaman mara nauyi, aikace-aikacen giciye mai tallafawa harsunan shirye-shirye da yawa. Tare da haɓakar AI da haɗuwarsa tare da IDE yana ba da haske ga masu haɓaka don su kasance masu haɓaka. Misali, -addamar da lambar AI ko ƙaddamar da ƙirar lamba a cikin IDE.

IDE kuma yana da ikon haɗawa tare da sarrafa tushen sarrafawa kamar git, GitHub, da dai sauransu. Kowane IDE yana da nasarorinsa da rararrunsu wasu suna jinkiri sosai yayin da muke son buɗe babban kundin tushe ko kuma wasu basu da buƙatun buƙata da dai sauransu.

IDE da ke ƙasa da aka ambata wasu sanannun IDE ne na Python a kasuwa.

  • Kayayyakin aikin hurumin kallo
  • PyCharm
  • Atom
  • Maɗaukaki rubutu
  • Vim
  • Littafin rubutu ++
  • Jupyter
  • Spyder

Da farko dai, zan iya cewa Vscode shine mafi so na kuma sananne tsakanin masu haɓakawa. Dangane da binciken mai haɓaka ambaton Stack na 2019, vscode shine mafi kyawun kayan aikin ci gaba da masu shirin.

Vscode aikace-aikace ne mai sauƙin nauyi, dandamali na giciye, ci gaban tushen buɗe ido (ƙarƙashin lasisin MIT) wanda Microsoft ya ƙirƙira. Haɗuwa tare da GitHub, Taimakon harshe don YAML ko JSON, Haɗuwa tare da Azure Cloud, tallafi ga Docker da Kubernetes, Tallafi don Ansible, da sauransu wasu daga cikin siffofin vscode kuma akwai ƙari da yawa.

Microsoft kwanan nan ya haɗa "Littafin rubutu na Jupyter" tare da Vscode. Littafin rubutu Jupyter shahararren edita ne na gidan yanar gizo wanda akasari ana amfani dashi don Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Bayanai.

A cikin wannan labarin, zaku koyi yadda ake girka da saita Kayayyakin aikin kallo a cikin Linux don yanayin ci gaban Python.

Shigar da Kayayyakin aikin kallo a cikin Linux

Kuna iya shigar da Visual Studio Code daga "Cibiyar Software" wanda ke jigilar tare da kowane rarraba Linux. A madadin, zaku iya amfani da umarnin masu zuwa don sanya VSCode a cikin rarraba Linux.

Hanya mafi sauki don girka Kayayyakin aikin hurumin kallo akan kayan Debian da rarrabawa ta Ubuntu shine ta layin umarni kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | gpg --dearmor > packages.microsoft.gpg
$ sudo install -o root -g root -m 644 packages.microsoft.gpg /usr/share/keyrings/
$ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/packages.microsoft.gpg] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/vscode.list'
$ sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install code

Hanya mafi sauki don girka Visual Studio Code akan CentOS, RHEL, da Fedora suna amfani da rubutun mai zuwa, wanda zai girka mabuɗin da ma'ajiyar.

$ sudo rpm --import https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc
$ sudo sh -c 'echo -e "[code]\nname=Visual Studio Code\nbaseurl=https://packages.microsoft.com/yumrepos/vscode\nenabled=1\ngpgcheck=1\ngpgkey=https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc" > /etc/yum.repos.d/vscode.repo'
$ sudo dnf check-update
$ sudo dnf install code

------ on older versions using yum ------ 
$ sudo yum check-update
$ sudo yum install code

Idan kana buƙatar ƙarin bayani game da shigarwa zuwa nau'inka na Linux, Da fatan za a koma zuwa takardun Microsoft na hukuma.

Yadda ake Amfani da Kayayyakin aikin kallo a cikin Linux

Abu na farko da zaka yanke shawara akan buɗe Vscode a karon farko shine zai taimaka/musaki shafin maraba a farawa.

Gajerun hanyoyin faifan maɓallin keɓaɓɓe a cikin Vscode, wanda ke nufin zamu iya tsara namu maɓallin bugawa. Latsa “ CTRL + k CTRL + S ” don buɗe saitunan taswirar Maballin. Hakanan zaka iya buɗe wannan a cikin tsarin JSON.

  • UMAR WUTA: CTRL + SHIFT + P
  • UMARNI MALAM: CTRL + ~
  • BAYANIN BAYANIN: CTRL +]
  • GASKIYAR GASKIYA: CTRL + [
  • TAMBAYOYI: CTRL +/
  • CUTAR DA CUTA: CTRL + SHIFT + Y
  • Mai bincike: CTRL + SHIFT + E
  • NUNA BAR GABA: CTRL + B
  • CIKAKKEN SIFFOFIN YANAYI: F11
  • Yanayin ZEN: CTRL + K Z
  • BLOCK COMMENT: CTRL + SHIFT + A

Yanzu tunda munga wasu fewan bayanai masu mahimmanci game da VSCODE, lokaci yayi da zamu saita Vscode don ci gaban Python. Hakikanin ikon kowane editan rubutu ya fito ne daga fakiti. Vscode ya sanya gudanarwar kunshin mai sauƙin.

Don shigar da kowane kunshin, zaku iya buɗe shafin "TARANTAWA" daga gefen hagu na sandar aiki. Abin duk da za ku yi shine rubuta sunan kunshin a cikin sandar bincike sannan danna shigar.

Da farko dai, muna buƙatar fadada Python don gudanar da lambobin python a cikin Vscode.

Da zarar an shigar da kunshin zaka iya zaɓar mai fassarar Python da ka girka. Idan kuna da masu fassara da yawa (Ex: 3.5, 3.8) an saita su yana da sauki sauƙaƙe tsakanin Masu fassara. A gefen hagu na hagu zaka ga wani zaɓi don zaɓar Mai Fassarar.

Jigogi koyaushe zaɓin mutum ne don masu haɓakawa. Na zabi tsayawa tare da asalin Vscode saboda ina son shi sosai. Zaka iya zaɓar wanda yake jan hankalin ka. Don Shigar da jigo [KARIN BAYANI -> BINCIKE BAR -> -> SAURARA].

Kuna iya samun bayanai game da jigogi ko kowane fakiti a cikin Kasuwar Vscode.

Ni da kaina nayi amfani da "MATERIAL ICON THEME" don gumakan fayil. Don girka shi [KARANTA -> BAYANIN BARKA -> KYAUTA KAYAN MATA -> SAURARA]. Zaɓi taken Icon File ɗin da kuka fi so.

SSH mai nisa yana ba da damar buɗe manyan fayiloli tare da sabar SSH. Sau da yawa lokuta mutane suna haɓaka aikace-aikace a cikin gajimare kuma suna amfani da Vscode a cikin injinmu na gida. Don loda/Daidaita lambarmu zuwa mashin nesa/VM/Kwantena zamu iya amfani da SSH mai nisa.

Don Shigar da kunshin [KARANTA -> BINCIKA BAR -> GABA - SSH -> SAURARA]. Nemi wani kunshin da Microsoft ya samar.

Don saita saitunan uwar garken Remote, buɗe [COMMAND PALLET (SHIFT + CTRL + P) -> HAɗA ZUWA MAI SHIRI -> REirƙiri SABON BAKON SHIRI (KO) ZABA BAKON DA AKA HALATTA]. Da zarar kun gama tare da daidaitawa, yayin haɗawa da na'ura mai nisa zai nemi kalmar sirri.

Na riga na saita bakunan Linux 3 a cikin vscode. Don haka, lokacin da na haɗu da kowa daga cikin rundunonin zai iya faɗakar da kalmar sirri kawai kuma zan haɗu

Hakanan zaka iya koma zuwa takaddun hukuma kan yadda zaka saita Nesa SSH a cikin VSCode.

Linters suna nuna matsalolinmu masu alaƙa da tsarawa da salo. Ta hanyar tsoho, lokacin da muka fara shigar da kunshin karin python yana zuwa da "PYLINT" An kunna. Linter yana gudana lokacin da muka adana fayil ɗin ko zamu iya gudu da hannu ta hanyar pallet ɗin umarni.

Don amfani da layuka daban-daban, da farko, dole ne mu girka layin ta amfani da umarnin PIP mai zuwa sannan kuma zaɓi flake8 azaman layinku a cikin vscode ta amfani da [COMMAND PALLET -> SELECT LINTER].

# pip install flake8

Don kunna ko kashe aikin layi [UMAR PALLET -> BAYAN LAYYA].

Idan kuna da nau'ikan nau'ikan Python dole ne ku tabbatar an shigar da layi a cikin dukkan sifofin. Yanzu flake8 wanda na girka ya daure zuwa Python 3.8, idan na canza zuwa Python 3.5 kuma nayi kokarin amfani da Flake 8 ba zai yi aiki ba.

NOTE: Linters suna daure zuwa Yankin aiki na yanzu ba duniya ba.

Yanzu, flake8 zai fara jefa kurakurai don duk wani ƙeta na kuskuren aiki ko ma'ana. A cikin snippet na ƙasa, na keta salon PEP 8 na rubutun lambar Python don haka flake 8 ya jefa ni gargaɗi da kurakurai.

Akwai nau'ikan linters da yawa. Koma zuwa takaddun hukuma don ƙarin sani game da Vscode Linters.

Idan kai mai haɓakawa ne mai sauyawa zuwa Vscode daga editan rubutu daban-daban zaka iya zaɓar don riƙe maɓallan maɓallinka ta amfani da kunshin Keymap. Microsoft yana samar da maɓallin maɓalli daga wasu shahararrun editoci kamar Sublime, Atom, Visual Studio, da sauransu.

Tunda Vscode ya kasance ƙarƙashin laima na Microsoft yana da sauƙin haɗakar kayan aikin da Microsoft suka ƙirƙira. Zaka iya zaɓar da shigar da fakitoci gwargwadon buƙatunka. Baya ga fakitin da na nuna a sama ina amfani da Manajan Albarkatun Azure, Ayyukan Azure, da sauransu.

Misali:

  • Vscode yana ba da wadataccen tsari na "Azure" Fadada don aiki tare da gajimaren Azure.
  • GitHub zai iya kasancewa cikin sauƙin haɗuwa tare da Vscode a cikin stepsan matakai kaɗan.
  • Kunshin don mafita na kwantena kamar Docker, Kubernetes.
  • Kunshin don sabar SQL.

Duba babbar kasuwar Microsoft don sanin duk abubuwan fakitin.

SAURARA: Kunshin da na sanya a cikin wannan labarin shine zaɓin kaina. Jerin kunshin na iya bambanta gwargwadon yanayin ci gaba da bukatun su.

Ofaya daga cikin sabbin ƙari ga Vscode shine ikon haɗa littafin Jupyter. Littafin rubutu Jupyter shahararren editan gidan yanar gizo ne wanda akasari ana amfani dashi don kimiyyar bayanai. Duk abin da ya kamata ku yi shi ne shigar da littafin rubutu na Jupyter a cikin injin gida kuma Vscode na iya ɗaukar sabar Jupyter kuma fara kernel.

Don girka Littafin rubutu na Jupyter:

# pip install Jupyter

Yadda ake Gudan Snippet a cikin VSCode

Yanzu tunda mun saita editanmu lokaci yayi da zamuyi amfani da lambar Python. Abubuwan ban sha'awa da nake so tare da Vscode shine, zai iya gudanar da zaɓin da aka zaɓa a cikin kayan wasan wuta.

Don gudanar da lambar lambarka ta danna [RUN] alama a saman kusurwar dama na editanku ko danna-dama kuma zaɓi zaɓin gudu.

Idan ka zaɓi “Gudun zaɓi/Layi a cikin tashar Python”, Vscode yana gudanar da wannan ɓangaren ne kawai a cikin tashar. Wannan yana da matukar amfani a wasu lokuta inda dole ne a gwada kawai layukan da aka zaɓa na lambar.

A cikin wannan labarin, mun ga yadda ake girka da saita Vscode azaman editanmu don shirye-shiryen Python. Vscode ɗayan mashahuran editoci ne a kasuwa yanzu. Idan ku sababbi ne ga Vscode ku sami damar bincika ƙarin abubuwa game da Vscode daga takaddun hukuma.