27 DNF (Fork na Yum) Dokokin don Gudanar da Kunshin RPM a cikin Linux

DNF aka Dandified YUM shine Manajan Fakitin ƙarni na gaba don tushen Rarraba RPM. An fara gabatar da shi a cikin Fedora 18 kuma ya maye gurbin Fedora 22.

DNF yana nufin haɓaka ƙullun YUM viz., Ayyuka, Amfani da Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwa, Ƙimar Dogaro, Sauri da sauran abubuwa masu yawa. DNF tana Gudanar da Kunshin ta amfani da RPM, libsolv da ɗakin karatu na hawkey. Kodayake ba a shigar da shi ba a cikin CentOS da RHEL 7 za ku iya yum, dnf kuma amfani da shi tare da yum.

Kuna iya son karantawa game da DNF anan:

Dalilan Sauya Yum da DNF

Sabbin kwanciyar hankali na DNF shine 1.0 (a lokacin rubutawa) wanda aka saki a ranar 11 ga Mayu, 2015. Shi (da duk nau'in DNF da ya gabata) galibi an rubuta shi cikin Python kuma an sake shi ƙarƙashin lasisin GPL v2.

DNF a cikin ba samuwa a cikin tsoho ma'ajiyar RHEL/CentOS 7. Duk da haka Fedora 22 jiragen ruwa tare da DNF aiwatar bisa hukuma.

Don shigar da DNF akan tsarin RHEL/CentOS, kuna buƙatar farawa da farko kuma kunna ma'ajiyar epel-lease.

# yum install epel-release
OR
# yum install epel-release -y

Ko da yake ba daidai ba ne a yi amfani da '-y' tare da yum kamar yadda aka ba da shawarar ganin abin da ake shigar a cikin tsarin ku. Koyaya, idan wannan bai dame ku ba zaku iya amfani da '-y' tare da yum don shigar da komai ta atomatik ba tare da sa hannun mai amfani ba.

Na gaba, shigar da kunshin DNF ta amfani da yum umarni daga ma'adanar sakin epel.

# yum install dnf

Bayan an shigar da dnf cikin nasara, lokaci yayi da za a nuna muku amfani mai amfani guda 27 na umarnin dnf tare da misalan da zasu taimaka muku sarrafa fakiti a cikin tushen RPM cikin sauƙi da inganci.

Bincika sigar DNF da aka shigar akan Tsarin ku.

# dnf --version

Zaɓin 'repolist' tare da umarnin dnf, zai nuna duk wuraren da aka kunna a ƙarƙashin tsarin ku.

# dnf repolist

Zaɓin 'sake duk' zai buga duk wuraren da aka kunna/kashe a ƙarƙashin tsarin ku.

# dnf repolist all

Umurnin jerin dnf zai jera duk fakitin da ake da su daga duk ma'ajiyar ajiya da fakitin da aka shigar akan tsarin Linux naku.

# dnf list

Yayin da umurnin jerin dnf yana nuna duk fakitin da aka samo/saka daga duk ma'ajiyar. Koyaya, kuna da zaɓi don lissafa fakitin da aka shigar kawai ta amfani da zaɓi “jerin da aka shigar” kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.

# dnf list installed

Hakazalika, zaɓin “jerin da akwai”, zai jera duk fakitin da za a girka daga duk wuraren da aka kunna.

# dnf list available

Idan incase, ba ku da masaniya game da kunshin da kuke son shigar, a irin wannan yanayin zaku iya amfani da zaɓin 'bincike' tare da umarnin dnf don bincika fakitin da ya dace da kalmar ko kirtani (ce nano).

# dnf search nano

Zaɓin dnf yana ba da nemo sunan fakitin da ke ba da takamaiman fayil/ƙaramin fakiti. Misali, idan kuna son nemo abin da ke ba da '/ bin/bash' akan tsarin ku?

# dnf provides /bin/bash

Bari mu ɗauka cewa kuna son sanin bayanan fakitin kafin shigar da shi akan tsarin, zaku iya amfani da maɓallin bayanai don samun cikakken bayani game da kunshin (ce nano) kamar yadda ke ƙasa.

# dnf info nano

Don shigar da kunshin da ake kira nano, kawai gudanar da umarnin da ke ƙasa zai warware ta atomatik kuma ya shigar da duk abubuwan da ake buƙata don kunshin nano.

# dnf install nano

Kuna iya sabunta takamaiman fakitin kawai (ce systemd) kuma ku bar komai akan tsarin ba a taɓa shi ba.

# dnf update systemd

Bincika sabuntawa don duk fakitin tsarin da aka shigar a cikin tsarin kawai kamar.

# dnf check-update

Kuna iya sabunta tsarin duka gami da duk fakitin da aka shigar tare da bin umarni.

# dnf update
OR
# dnf upgrade

Don cirewa ko goge duk wani fakitin da ba'a so (ce nano), zaku iya amfani da cire ko share sauyawa tare da umarnin dnf don cire shi.

# dnf remove nano
OR
# dnf erase nano

Waɗancan fakitin da aka shigar don gamsar da dogaro na iya zama mara amfani idan wasu aikace-aikacen ba su yi amfani da su ba. Don cire waɗannan fakitin marayu aiwatar da umarnin da ke ƙasa.

# dnf autoremove

Yawancin lokaci muna cin karo da rubutun da ba a gama ba da ma'amaloli da ba a gama ba wanda ke haifar da kuskure yayin aiwatar da dnf. Za mu iya tsaftace duk fakitin da aka adana da kanun labarai masu ɗauke da bayanan fakitin nesa ta hanyar aiwatarwa kawai.

# dnf clean all

Kuna iya samun taimako na kowane takamaiman umarnin dnf (ce mai tsabta) kawai ta aiwatar da umarnin da ke ƙasa.

# dnf help clean

Don jera taimako akan duk umarnin dnf da ke akwai kuma zaɓi kawai a rubuta.

# dnf help

Kuna iya kiran tarihin dnf don duba jerin umarnin dnf da aka riga aka aiwatar. Ta wannan hanyar za ku iya sanin abin da aka shigar/cire tare da tambarin lokaci.

# dnf history

Umurnin Dnf grouplist zai buga duk fakitin da aka samu ko shigar, idan ba a ambaci komai ba, zai jera duk sanannun ƙungiyoyi.

# dnf grouplist

Don shigar da Rukunin fakitin da aka haɗa tare azaman fakitin rukuni (a ce Software na Ilimi) kawai kamar.

# dnf groupinstall 'Educational Software'

Bari mu sabunta Kunshin Rukuni (in ji Software na Ilimi) ta aiwatar da umarnin da ke ƙasa.

# dnf groupupdate 'Educational Software'

Za mu iya cire rukunin Kunshin (ce Educational Software) kamar yadda.

# dnf groupremove 'Educational Software'

DNF yana ba da damar shigar da kowane takamaiman fakiti (ce phpmyadmin) daga repo (epel) kamar yadda kawai,

# dnf --enablerepo=epel install phpmyadmin

Umurnin dnf distro-sync zai ba da zaɓuɓɓukan da suka dace don daidaita duk fakitin da aka shigar zuwa mafi kyawun sigar kwanciyar hankali da ake samu daga kowane ma'ajin da aka kunna. Idan ba a zaɓi fakitin ba, duk fakitin da aka shigar ana aiki tare.

# dnf distro-sync

Umurnin dnf reinstall nano zai sake shigar da kunshin da aka riga aka shigar (ce nano).

# dnf reinstall nano

Zaɓin ƙasa zai rage girman fakitin mai suna (ce acpid) zuwa ƙananan sigar idan zai yiwu.

# dnf downgrade acpid

Using metadata from Wed May 20 12:44:59 2015
No match for available package: acpid-2.0.19-5.el7.x86_64
Error: Nothing to do.

Dubawa na: DNF baya rage darajar kunshin kamar yadda ya kamata. An kuma bayar da rahoton a matsayin kwaro.

Kammalawa

DNF shine babban matsayi na ƙarshen Manajan Kunshin fasaha YUM. Yana son yin aiki da yawa ta atomatik wanda yawancin gogaggun Manajan Tsarin Linux ba za su yaba ba, kamar yadda na yi imani. Misali:

--skip-broken ba a gane shi ta DNF kuma babu madadin.
Babu wani abu kamar umarnin 'resolvedep' duk da haka kuna iya kunna dnf yana bayarwa.
Babu wani 'deplist' umarni don nemo dogaron fakiti.
Kuna ware repo, yana nufin keɓancewa akan duk ayyukan, sabanin yum wanda ke ware waɗancan wuraren ajiyar kawai a lokacin shigarwa da sabuntawa, da sauransu.

Yawancin masu amfani da Linux ba su jin daɗin yadda Linux Ecosystem ke motsawa. Na farko Systemd an cire tsarin init v kuma yanzu DNF za ta maye gurbin YUM da wuri a cikin Fedora 22 kuma daga baya a cikin RHEL da CentOS.

Me kuke tunani? Rarrabawa ne kuma duk yanayin yanayin Linux ba sa kimanta masu amfani da shi kuma suna motsawa sabanin yadda suke so. Har ila yau ana yawan faɗa a cikin masana'antar IT - \Me yasa gyara, Idan ba a karye ba?, kuma ba a karye System V ko YUM ba.

Shi ke nan a yanzu. Da fatan za a sanar da ni ra'ayoyin ku masu mahimmanci a cikin sharhin da ke ƙasa. Like da share mu kuma a taimaka mana mu yada.