Gudanar da Ƙarar Ma'ana akan Linux Debian

Debian Linux sanannen rarraba Linux ne kuma yana ba da sabis don ƙare wuraren aiki na mai amfani da kuma sabar cibiyar sadarwa. Ana yabon Debian sau da yawa saboda kasancewarsa tsayayyen rarraba Linux. Kwanciyar Debian da aka haɗa tare da sassauƙa na LVM yana ba da mafita mai sauƙi mai sauƙi wanda kowa zai iya godiya.

Kafin ci gaba da wannan koyawa, Tecmint yana ba da babban bita da bayyani na shigarwa na Debian 7.8 \Wheezy wanda za'a iya samu anan:

  1. Shigar da Debian 7.8 \Wheezy

Gudanar da ƙarar Ma'ana (LVM) hanya ce ta sarrafa faifai da ke ba da damar tattara faifai masu yawa ko ɓangarori zuwa cikin babban wurin ajiya guda ɗaya wanda za'a iya rarrabuwa zuwa wuraren ajiya da aka sani da Logical Volumes.

Tun da mai gudanarwa na iya ƙara ƙarin fayafai/bangare kamar yadda suke so, LVM ya zama zaɓi mai mahimmanci don canza buƙatun ajiya. Baya ga sauƙin fadada LVM, wasu fasalulluka na juriyar bayanan ana gina su cikin LVM. Fasaloli irin su iya ɗaukar hoto da ƙaura bayanai daga faɗuwar abubuwan tafiyarwa, suna samar da LVM tare da ƙarin ƙwarewa don kiyaye amincin bayanai da samuwa.

  1. Tsarin Aiki - Debian 7.7 Wheezy
  2. 40gb boot drive – sda
  3. 2 Seagate 500gb na tafiyarwa a cikin Linux Raid - md0 (RAID ba lallai ba ne)
  4. Haɗin Yanar Gizo/Internet

Shigarwa da Sanya LVM akan Debian

1. Ana buƙatar tushen/damar gudanar da tsarin. Ana iya samun wannan a cikin Debian ta hanyar amfani da umarnin su ko kuma idan an saita saitunan sudo masu dacewa, ana iya amfani da sudo kuma. Koyaya wannan jagorar zata ɗauka tushen shiga tare da su.

2. A wannan lokacin ana buƙatar shigar da kunshin LVM2 akan tsarin. Ana iya cika wannan ta hanyar shigar da waɗannan cikin layin umarni:

# apt-get update && apt-get install lvm2

A wannan lokaci ɗaya daga cikin umarni guda biyu za a iya gudu don tabbatar da cewa an shigar da LVM kuma a shirye don amfani da shi akan tsarin:

# dpkg-query -s lvm2
# dpkg-query -l lvm2

3. Yanzu da aka shigar da software na LVM, lokaci ya yi da za a shirya na'urorin don amfani da su a cikin rukunin Volume na LVM kuma a ƙarshe zuwa Logical Volumes.

Don yin wannan, za a yi amfani da kayan aikin pvcreate don shirya faifai. A al'ada LVM za a yi a kan kowane bangare ta amfani da kayan aiki kamar fdisk, cfdisk, raba, ko gparted zuwa bangare da kuma tuta sassan don amfani a cikin saitin LVM, duk da haka don wannan saitin 500gb guda biyu an kai hari tare don ƙirƙirar RAID. tsararru mai suna /dev/md0.

Wannan tsararrun RAID tsari ne mai sauƙi na madubi don dalilai na sakewa. A nan gaba, za a kuma rubuta labarin da ke bayanin yadda ake cika RAID. A yanzu, bari mu ci gaba tare da shirye-shiryen kundin jiki (Tsarin shuɗi a cikin zane a farkon labarin).

Idan ba a yi amfani da na'urar RAID ba, maye gurbin na'urorin da za su zama wani ɓangare na saitin LVM don ''/dev/md0'. Bayar da umarni mai zuwa zai shirya na'urar RAID don amfani a cikin saitin LVM:

# pvcreate /dev/md0

4. Da zarar an shirya tsararrun RAID, yana buƙatar ƙarawa zuwa Ƙungiya mai girma (koren rectangle a cikin zane a farkon labarin) kuma an cika wannan tare da amfani da umarnin vgcreate.

Umurnin vgcreate zai buƙaci aƙalla muhawara biyu da aka wuce zuwa gare shi a wannan lokacin. Hujja ta farko za ta zama sunan Rukunin Ƙarar da za a ƙirƙira kuma hujja ta biyu za ta zama sunan na'urar RAID da aka shirya tare da pvcreate a mataki na 3 (/dev/md0). Haɗa dukkan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa tare zai ba da umarni kamar haka:

# vgcreate storage /dev/md0

A wannan lokaci, an umurci LVM da ya ƙirƙiri rukunin ƙara mai suna 'storage' wanda zai yi amfani da na'urar '' /dev/md0' don adana bayanan da aka aika zuwa ga. kowane juzu'i na ma'ana waɗanda ke memba na rukunin ƙarar '' storage'. Koyaya, a wannan lokacin har yanzu babu wasu Ƙaƙƙarfan Ma'ana da za a yi amfani da su don dalilai na ajiyar bayanai.

5. Ana iya ba da umarni guda biyu cikin sauri don tabbatar da cewa an yi nasarar ƙirƙirar Rukunin Ƙirar.

  1. vgdisplay - Zai ba da cikakkun bayanai game da Rukunin Ƙarar.
  2. vgs - Fitowar layi ɗaya mai sauri don tabbatar da cewa Rukunin Ƙarar yana wanzuwa.

# vgdisplay
# vgs

6. Yanzu da aka tabbatar da Ƙungiyar Ƙarfafawa a shirye, za a iya ƙirƙira Ƙirarrun Ma'ana da kansu. Wannan shine ƙarshen makasudin LVM kuma waɗannan Juzu'i na Ma'ana sune za a aika da bayanai don a rubuta su zuwa ga juzu'i na zahiri (PV) waɗanda suka haɗa Rukunin Ƙara (VG).

Don ƙirƙirar Ƙa'idar Hankali, ana buƙatar ƙaddamar da muhawara da yawa zuwa mai amfani lvcreate. Hujjoji mafi mahimmanci kuma masu mahimmanci sun haɗa da: girman Juzu'i Mai Ma'ana, sunan Juzu'i Mai Ma'ana, da wanda Rukunin Ƙirar (VG) wannan sabon ƙirƙira Logical Volume (LV) zai kasance. Haɗa duk wannan tare yana ba da umarnin lvcreate kamar haka:

# lvcreate -L 100G -n Music storage

Da kyau wannan umarni ya ce a yi haka: ƙirƙira Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙaƙwalwa mai tsayin gigabytes 100 wanda ke da sunan Kiɗa kuma yana cikin ma'ajiyar Ƙungiya ta Volume. Bari mu ci gaba kuma mu ƙirƙiri wani LV don Takardu masu girman gigabytes 50 kuma mu mai da shi mamba na Rukunin Ƙarar guda ɗaya:

# lvcreate -L 50G -n Documents storage

Ana iya tabbatar da ƙirƙirar Ƙirarrun Ma'ana tare da ɗaya daga cikin umarni masu zuwa:

  1. lvdisplay - Cikakkun bayanai na Ɗaukar Ma'ana.
  2. lvs – Karancin fitowar dalla-dalla na Juzu'i masu Ma'ana.

# lvdisplay
# lvs