Shigar da GUI (Kinnamon Desktop) da Basic Softwares a cikin Arch Linux

Wannan koyaswar tana jagorantar ku ta hanyar canza babban Arch Linux CLI kawai zuwa cikin dandamali mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi, tare da kyakkyawan yanayin tebur da za a iya daidaita shi a cikin duniyar Linux a wannan zamanin - “Cinnamon” - da duk software ɗin da ake buƙata don matsakaita mai amfani da tebur, duk ana yin wannan tare da taimakon pacman manajan software wanda ke yin duk abin da ake buƙata na laburare, dogaro da daidaitawa a madadin ku.

Shigar da Arch Linux na baya akan Desktop, Laptop ko Netbook tare da haɗin Intanet mai aiki.

1. Arch Linux Installing and Configuration Guide with Screenshots

Mataki 1: Shigar Xorg Server da Direbobin Bidiyo

1. Bayan shigar da tsarin farko muna buƙatar yin cikakken sabunta tsarin ta hanyar ba da umarni mai zuwa.

$ sudo pacman –Syu

2. Kafin mu shigar da duk software ɗin da ake buƙata, muna buƙatar taimakon kunshin “bash-completion“, wanda ke cika umarni kai tsaye ko kuma nuna jerin yuwuwar umarni ta latsa TAB key.

$ sudo pacman –S bash-completion

3. Mataki na gaba shine shigar da tsoho X muhalli wanda ke samar da babban tsarin Xorg uwar garken da 3D support.

$ sudo pacman -S xorg-server xorg-xinit xorg-utils xorg-server-utils mesa

4. Don ƙarin aikin Xorg kuma shigar da fakiti masu zuwa.

$ sudo pacman -S xorg-twm xterm xorg-xclock

5. Don kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ko netbook, kuma shigar da direbobi don tallafin shigarwar taɓawa.

$ sudo pacman -S xf86-input-synaptics

6. Yanzu muna buƙatar shigar da tsarin VGA (Katin Bidiyo) takamaiman direbobi, amma da farko muna buƙatar gano ƙirar tsarin mu. Ba da umarni mai zuwa don gano katin bidiyo na ku.

$ lspci | grep VGA

Idan tsarin ku sabon kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ne tare da Optimus yana goyan bayan fitarwa ya kamata ya nuna muku katunan zane guda biyu, yawanci Intel da Nvidia ko Intel da ATI. Tallafin direbobin Linux don irin wannan fasahar yanzu yana da haske sosai a wannan lokacin (zaka iya gwada Primus) don ƙaramin VGA canzawa.

7. Bayan kun gano Graphics ɗinku, yanzu lokaci yayi da zaku shigar da direbobin da suka dace. Ta hanyar tsoho, Arch yana ba da Vesa direban bidiyo na tsoho - xf86-video-vesa - wanda zai iya ɗaukar adadi mai yawa na kwakwalwan kwamfuta amma baya samarwa. duk wani tallafin gaggawa na 2D ko 3D.

Hakanan Arch Linux yana ba da Direbobin Bidiyo iri biyu.

1. Bude tushen (an kiyaye shi kuma ya haɓaka ta hanyar rarraba - shawarar don shigarwa).
2. Mallaka (wanda ke yin Katin Bidiyo ya haɓaka kuma ya kiyaye shi).

Domin jera duk abin da ke akwai Budewa Source direbobin bidiyo da aka samar ta Arch Linux ma'ajiyar hukuma suna gudanar da umarni masu zuwa.

$ sudo pacman –Ss | grep xf86-video

Don jera Direbaren mallakar mallaka suna gudanar da umarni masu zuwa.

## Nvidia ##
$ sudo pacman –Ss | grep nvidia

## AMD/ATI ##
$ sudo pacman –Ss | grep ATI
$ sudo pacman –Ss | grep AMD

## Intel ##
$ sudo pacman –Ss | grep intel
$ sudo pacman –Ss | grep Intel

Don Fakitin Multilib - aikace-aikace 32-bit akan Arch x86_64 - yi amfani da umarni masu zuwa.

## Nvidia ##
$ sudo pacman –Ss | grep lib32-nvidia
$ sudo pacman –Ss | grep lib32-nouveau

## ATI/AMD ##
$ sudo pacman –Ss | grep lib32-ati

## Intel ##
$ sudo pacman –Ss | grep lib32-intel

8. Bayan kun tabbatar da abin da direbobi ke samuwa don Graphics ku ci gaba da shigar da kunshin direban bidiyo da ya dace. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama ya kamata ku tsaya ga direbobin Open Source, saboda ana kiyaye su da kuma gwada su da kyau daga al'umma. Don shigar da Direba Graphics gudanar da umarni mai zuwa (bayan xf86-bidiyo – danna maballin TAB don nuna jeri kuma a cika ta atomatik).

$ sudo pacman  -S  xf86-video-[TAB]your_graphic_card

Don ƙarin bayani game da direbobin Xorg da Graphics je zuwa Arch Linux shafin Wiki Xorg a https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php /Xorg.

9. Bayan an shigar da Katin Bidiyon ku da suka dace, lokaci ya yi da za a gwada uwar garken Xorg da direbobin bidiyo ta hanyar ba da umarni mai zuwa.

$ sudo startx

Idan an saita komai daidai daidai zaman X ya kamata ya fara kamar a hoton da ke ƙasa, wanda zaku iya juyewa ta hanyar buga fita akan babbar tagar wasan bidiyo.

$ exit

Mataki 2: Shigar da Muhalli na Desktop - Cinnamon

10. Yanzu ne lokacin da za a samar da wani madalla m customizable Graphical User Interface - Full Desktop muhalli don tsarin mu ta installing Cinnamon kunshin. Gudanar da umarni mai zuwa don shigar da Cinnamon da sauran dogaro daga ma'ajiyar kayan aiki na hukuma.

$ sudo pacman -S cinnamon nemo-fileroller

11. Mataki na gaba shine shigar da GDM kunshin mai sarrafa nuni wanda ke taimakawa tsarin farawa X uwar garken kuma yana samar da Interface User Graphical don masu amfani don shiga Cinnamon DE b>.

$ sudo pacman –S gdm

12. Mataki na gaba shine kunnawa sannan ku fara da gwada GDM ta hanyar shiga cikin Arch Linux ta amfani da takaddun shaida.

$ sudo systemctl enable gdm
$ sudo systemctl start gdm

13. Bayan an loda GDM za a bugo maka da taga Login. Zaɓi mai amfani -> danna alamar Shiga Shiga alamar hagu kuma zaɓi Cinnamon, sannan shigar da Password ɗin ku kuma danna < maballin shiga ko Shiga maɓalli.

14. Ya zuwa yanzu ana sarrafa haɗin Intanet ɗin mu ta hanyar layin umarni, amma idan kuna son sarrafa hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizon ku daga GUI kuna buƙatar kashe sabis ɗin dhcpd kuma shigar, kunna kuma fara Network Manager. b> kunshin. Hakanan shigar da fakitin net-tools don tsawaita umarnin cibiyar sadarwa. Daga GUI buɗe madaidaicin harsashi UXterm kuma gudanar da umarni masu zuwa.

Shigar da ifconfig wanda aka samar ta hanyar net-tools kunshin sannan a duba tsarin dubawa ta amfani da bin umarni.

$ sudo pacman –S net-tools
$ ifconfig

Na gaba, shigar da Network Manager.

$ sudo pacman -S network-manager-applet

Kashe sabis na dhcpcd.

$ sudo systemctl stop [email 
$ sudo systemctl disable [email 
$ sudo systemctl stop dhcpcd.service
$ sudo systemctl disable dhcpcd.service

Fara ƙarshen kunna Manajan hanyar sadarwa.

$ sudo systemctl start NetworkManager
$ sudo systemctl enable NetworkManager

15. Yanzu gwada haɗin Intanet ɗinku yana sake gudana ifconfig don samun matsayi na hanyoyin sadarwa, sannan ba da umarni ping akan wani yanki.

Don yin cikakken gwajin tsarin, sake yi na'urar ku don tabbatar da cewa an shigar da komai daidai kuma an daidaita shi zuwa yanzu.

Mataki 3: Sanya Basic Softwares

16. A yanzu tsarin mu yana samar da mafi ƙarancin shigar software wanda ba zai iya zama da yawa taimako a rana zuwa rana amfani da tebur ko kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka. Gudun dogon umarni mai zuwa don shigar da software na asali.

$ sudo pacman -S pulseaudio pulseaudio-alsa pavucontrol gnome-terminal firefox flashplugin vlc chromium unzip unrar p7zip pidgin skype deluge smplayer audacious qmmp gimp xfburn thunderbird gedit gnome-system-monitor

17. Har ila yau, shigar da codecs da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacen multimedia don ɓoye ko yanke rikodin sauti ko bidiyo ta hanyar ba da umarni mai zuwa.

$ sudo pacman -S a52dec faac faad2 flac jasper lame libdca libdv libmad libmpeg2 libtheora libvorbis libxv wavpack x264 xvidcore gstreamer0.10-plugins

18. Sanya kunshin LibreOffice idan kuna buƙatar kayan aikin Office kamar Writer, Calc, Impress, Draw, Math da Base ta hanyar aiwatar da wannan umarni kuma danna maɓallin Shigar akan zaɓi (default=all).

$ sudo pacman -S libreoffice

Idan kuna buƙatar wasu shirye-shirye ko abubuwan amfani ziyarci https://www.archlinux.org/packages/, bincika kunshin ku kuma shigar da shi ta hanyar Pacman.

Don cire kunshin yi amfani da –R canza tare da umarnin pacman.

$ sudo pacman -R package-to-remove

19. Don shigar da software na al'umma shigar Yaourt Package Manager Kayan aiki (ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da yaourt ga masu amfani da farawa).

$ sudo pacman -S yaourt

Mataki 4: Keɓance Desktop na Cinnamon

20. Cinnamon System Settings yana ba da hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar za ku iya daidaitawa da tsara Arch da Cinnamon DE tare da duk saitunan da suka dace da bukatunku. Saitunan da ke biyowa za su nuna maka yadda ake canza yanayin tsarin ku gaba ɗaya da ji (jigo da gumakan). Da farko, shigar da Faenza Icon Theme da Jigon Numix.

$ sudo pacman -S Faenza-icon-theme numix-themes

21. Sannan bude System settings –> Themes –> Other Settings –> zabi Numix akan Controls da Window borders kuma
Faenza akan Icons.

22. Don canza taken Cinnamon tsohuwa je zuwa System settings –> Jigogi –> Samu ƙarin kan layi –> zaɓi. sannan ka shigar da Minty, sannan ka je shafin Installed, zabi kuma Aiwatar Minty theme.

Shi ke nan! Yanzu bayyanar tsarin ku na ƙarshe yakamata yayi kama da hoton da ke ƙasa.

23. A matsayin gyare-gyare na ƙarshe don nuna kyakkyawan kayan aiki na saka idanu akan tsarin kayan aiki da farko shigar da fakiti masu zuwa.

$ sudo pacman -S libgtop networkmanager

Sannan bude System Settings –> Applets –> Samu ƙarin kan layi, bincika Multi-Core System Monitor sannan a saka. shi, sa'an nan kuma canza zuwa Shigar da tab, danna dama kuma Ƙara zuwa panel.

Yanzu kuna da cikakkiyar kyan gani Arch Linux Desktop tare da ainihin software da ake buƙata don bincika Intanet, kallon fina-finai, sauraron kiɗa ko rubuta takaddun Office.

Don cikakken Lissafin Aikace-aikacen ziyarci shafi na gaba

1. https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/List_of_applications

Gina kan tsarin Sakin Juyawa samfurin Arch Linux kuma yana samar da wasu Linux Desktop Environments, kamar KDE, GNOME, Mate, LXDE, XFCE, Haske, daga ma'ajiyar sa na hukuma, don haka zabar < b>Cinnamonko wasu DE zabi ne kawai na mutum mai sauƙi, amma, a ganina, Cinnamon yana ba da mafi kyawun sassauci (jigogi, Applets, tebur da tebur). Extensions) akan rikitattun gyare-gyare fiye da iyayensa Gnome Shell.