Yadda ake Ƙirƙirar Kuɗi a cikin Linux Ta amfani da umurnin mkdir
Taƙaice: A cikin wannan jagorar, za mu kalli umarnin mkdir wanda ake amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar kundin adireshi. Za mu kuma tattauna wasu misalai masu amfani da za su taimaka wa masu farawa yin aiki da tsarin Linux da tabbaci.
A matsayin masu amfani da Linux, muna amfani da fayiloli da kundayen adireshi akai-akai. Fayiloli suna ba mu damar adana mahimman bayanai yayin da kundayen adireshi ke ba mu damar tsara fayiloli ta hanyar da ta dace. Baya ga wannan, sau da yawa muna ƙirƙira tsarin shugabanci na matsayi don tsara abubuwan da ke ciki ta hanya mafi kyau.
A cikin wannan labarin abokantaka na farko, za mu koyi game da umarnin mkdir. Kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, ana amfani da umarnin mkdir don ƙirƙirar kundin adireshi mai suna a wata hanyar da aka bayar, wanda kuma ya ba mu damar ƙirƙirar kundayen adireshi guda ɗaya ko da yawa a lokaci ɗaya tare da izinin fayil ɗin da ake buƙata.
Ya kamata mu lura cewa don amfani da umarnin mkdir dole ne mai amfani ya sami izinin da ake buƙata akan kundin adireshi na iyaye, in ba haka ba umarnin zai gaza tare da izinin hana kuskure.
Kamar sauran umarnin Linux, tsarin tsarin mkdir ya kasu kashi biyu - zaɓuɓɓuka da muhawara:
$ mkdir [OPTIONS] ... <DIRECTORY1> <DIRECTORY2> ...
A cikin mahaɗin da ke sama, maƙallan murabba'in ([]) suna wakiltar mahawara ta zaɓi yayin da maƙallan kusurwa (<>) suna wakiltar takaddamar tilas.
Asalin Amfanin Umurnin mkdir a cikin Linux
Kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, mkdir gajeriyar hanya ce ta \make directory abu mai kyau shi ne yana ƙirƙirar directory ne kawai idan wani directory ko fayil mai irin wannan ba ya wanzu a hanyar da aka bayar. wannan umarni ne mai aminci kuma baya haifar da lahani ga tsarin.
A cikin wannan sashe, za mu ga ainihin yadda ake amfani da umarnin mkdir tare da misalai.
Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman amfani da umarnin mkdir shine ƙirƙirar kundin adireshi mai suna a wata hanyar da aka bayar. Don haka bari mu ƙirƙiri kundin adireshi tare da sunan rpm-distros a cikin kundin aiki na yanzu:
$ mkdir rpm-distros
Yanzu, yi amfani da umarnin ls don tabbatar da cewa an ƙirƙiri littafin:
$ ls -l
A cikin misali na farko, mun yi amfani da hanyar dangi tare da umarnin mkdir. Koyaya, wannan umarni kuma yana goyan bayan cikakkiyar hanya.
Za mu iya amfani da umarnin pwd ko ma'aunin yanayin pwd don nemo cikakkiyar hanyar jagorar aiki na yanzu.
Don haka, bari mu ƙirƙiri jagorar mai suna - deb-distros a cikin kundin aiki na yanzu ta amfani da cikakkiyar hanya:
$ mkdir $PWD/deb-distros
Yanzu, tabbatar da cewa an ƙirƙiri sabon kundin adireshi a cikin kundin aiki na yanzu:
$ ls -l
Umurnin mkdir yana karɓar hanyoyi da yawa azaman hujja, wanda ke ba mu damar ƙirƙirar kundayen adireshi da yawa a tafi ɗaya.
Bari mu ƙirƙiri kundayen adireshi uku a cikin kundin deb-distros ta amfani da umarni guda:
$ mkdir deb-distros/kali deb-distros/mint deb-distros/ubuntu
Yanzu, bari mu jera abubuwan da ke cikin kundin adireshin deb-distros:
$ ls -l deb-distros
Kamar yadda muke iya gani, umarnin mkdir ya ƙirƙiri kundayen adireshi da yawa cikin nasara.
A cikin misalin da ya gabata, mun ga yadda ake ƙirƙirar kundayen adireshi da yawa a cikin wani kundin adireshi ta amfani da umarni ɗaya. Koyaya, wannan ba hanya ce mafi inganci ba saboda mun ƙayyadadden sunan adireshi na iyaye watau deb-distros tare da kowane ƙaramin kundin adireshi.
Don shawo kan wannan iyakancewa, za mu iya ƙirƙira ƙananan sunayen kundin adireshi a cikin shimfidar takalmin gyaran kafa kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin misali mai zuwa, inda muka ƙirƙiri ƙananan kundayen adireshi uku a cikin littafin rpm-distros:
$ mkdir rpm-distros/{alma,centos,fedora}
A nan, ya kamata mu lura da mahimman abubuwa guda biyu masu zuwa:
- Babu sarari a kowane gefen waƙafi
(,). - Ana samun fasalin faɗaɗa takalmin gyaran kafa a cikin harsashi na Bash kawai don haka wannan hanyar ba ta da ƙarfi.
Yanzu, bari mu tabbatar da cewa an ƙirƙiri tsarin littafin da ake buƙata cikin nasara:
$ ls -l rpm-distros
A cikin sassan da suka gabata, mun ga yadda ake ƙirƙirar kundayen adireshi da yawa. Koyaya, wannan hanyar ba ta aiki idan muna son ƙirƙirar tsarin kundin adireshi. A irin wannan yanayin, za mu iya amfani da zaɓin -p na umarnin da ke ƙirƙirar kundin adireshi na iyaye idan an buƙata.
Bari mu, ƙirƙiri tsarin ƙaramin kundin adireshi:
$ mkdir -p rpm-distros/centos/8.x/8.1/8.1-1911
Yanzu, tabbatar da abubuwan da ke cikin littafin rpm-distros/centos ta hanyar maimaitawa:
$ ls -1R rpm-distros/centos
Kamar yadda muke iya gani, umarnin ya ƙirƙiri tsarin adireshi da ake buƙata ba tare da ba da rahoton kuskuren kundayen adireshi na iyaye na yanzu ba. Wannan zaɓin ya zo da amfani sosai yayin rubuta rubutun harsashi. Za mu iya amfani da shi don murkushe kuskuren ƙirƙirar kundin adireshi wanda zai iya faruwa saboda kundin da ke akwai.
Wani lokaci, muna buƙatar canza izinin shiga littafin nan da nan bayan ƙirƙirarsa. A wannan yanayin, dole ne mu yi amfani da umarni guda biyu - mkdir da chmod. Koyaya, zamu iya cimma sakamako iri ɗaya ta amfani da umarni ɗaya.
Bari mu yi amfani da zaɓin -m don saita izinin shiga kan kundin adireshi yayin ƙirƙirar ta:
$ mkdir -m 777 dir-1
A cikin wannan misalin, mun yi amfani da tsarin lamba don saita izinin shiga. Hakazalika, za mu iya amfani da tsarin rubutu.
Misali, zamu iya cimma sakamako iri ɗaya ta amfani da umarnin da ke ƙasa:
$ mkdir -m a=rwx dir-2
Yanzu, yi amfani da umarnin ls don nemo izinin shiga kundayen adireshi:
$ ls -ld dir-2 | awk '{print $1}'
Ta hanyar tsoho, umarnin mkdir baya buga komai akan tashar bayan ƙirƙirar kundin adireshi. Don haka, ya zuwa yanzu muna amfani da umarnin ls don tabbatar da ko an ƙirƙiri littafin ko a'a.
Don shawo kan wannan ƙayyadaddun, za mu iya amfani da yanayin magana na umarnin da ke buga saƙon ga kowane kundin adireshi da aka ƙirƙira. Wannan zaɓi yana ba da bayanai masu ma'ana idan muka haɗa shi da zaɓin –p:
Bari mu yi amfani da zaɓin -v tare da umarni don kunna yanayin magana:
$ mkdir -p -v dir-1/dir-2/dir-3/dir-4/dir-5
Yanzu, bari mu lura da fitowar umarnin:
A cikin wannan labarin, mun ga ainihin amfani da umarnin mkdir. Da farko, mun ga yadda ake ƙirƙirar kundin adireshi ɗaya da kundayen adireshi da yawa. Bayan haka, mun ga yadda ake saita izini akan kundin adireshi yayin ƙirƙirar shi. A ƙarshe, mun ga yadda ake tabbatar da ƙirƙirar directory ta amfani da yanayin verbose.
Shin kun san kowane mafi kyawun misali na umarnin mkdir a cikin Linux? Bari mu san ra'ayoyin ku a cikin sharhin da ke ƙasa.