Tattara: Babban Kayan aikin Kula da Ayyukan Duk-in-Daya don Linux
Babban aikin mai kula da tsarin Linux shine tabbatar da cewa tsarin da yake gudanarwa yana cikin yanayi mai kyau. Akwai kayan aikin da yawa don masu gudanar da tsarin Linux waɗanda zasu iya taimakawa wajen saka idanu da nuna matakai a cikin tsari kamar htop, amma babu ɗayan waɗannan kayan aikin da zai iya yin gasa tare da tattarawa.
Collectl kyakkyawan tsari ne mai wadataccen layin umarni wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don tattara bayanan aiki wanda ke bayyana matsayin tsarin yanzu. Ba kamar yawancin sauran kayan aikin saka idanu ba, Collectl baya mayar da hankali a cikin ƙayyadaddun adadin tsarin tsarin, maimakon haka yana iya tattara bayanai akan nau'ikan albarkatun tsarin da yawa kamar cpu, disk, memory, network, sockets, tcp, inodes, infiniband, lustre, memory, nfs, processions, quadrics, slabs and buddyinfo.
Wani abu mai kyau game da amfani da Collectl shine yana iya taka rawar kayan aiki waɗanda aka tsara tare da takamaiman manufa kamar saman, ps, iotop da sauran su. Wadanne siffofi ne ke sa tattara kayan aiki mai amfani?
Bayan na yi bincike mai yawa na tattara jeri tare da wasu mahimman fasalulluka na kayan amfani da layin umarni na tattarawa gare ku.
- Yana iya gudana ta hanyar mu'amala, azaman daemon ko duka biyun.
- Yana iya nuna abubuwan da ake fitarwa ta nau'i-nau'i da yawa.
- Yana da ikon saka idanu kusan kowane tsarin ƙasa.
- Zai iya taka rawar sauran abubuwan amfani da yawa kamar ps, top, iotop, vmstat.
- Yana da ikon yin rikodin da sake kunna bayanan da aka kama.
- Yana iya fitar da bayanan ta nau'ikan fayil iri-iri. (wannan yana da amfani sosai lokacin da kake son bincika bayanai tare da kayan aikin waje).
- Zai iya aiki azaman sabis don sa ido kan injuna masu nisa ko duk rukunin uwar garken.
- Yana iya nuna bayanan da ke cikin tashar, rubuta zuwa fayil ko soket.
Yadda ake Sanya Collectl a cikin Linux
Mai amfani na tattarawa yana gudana akan duk rarrabawar Linux, abin da kawai yake buƙatar gudu shine perl, don haka tabbatar cewa an shigar da Perl a cikin injin ku kafin shigar da tattara a cikin injin ku.
Ana iya amfani da umarni mai zuwa don shigar da kayan aikin tattarawa a cikin injunan tushen Debian kamar Ubuntu.
$ sudo apt-get install collectl
Idan kana amfani da Red Hat tushen distro, zaka iya ɗauka cikin sauƙi daga wurin ajiyar tare da yum umurnin.
# yum install collectl
Wasu Misalai Masu Aiki Na Aikin Tari
Da zarar an gama shigar da kayan aikin tattarawa, zaku iya tafiyar da shi cikin sauƙi daga tashar, koda ba tare da wani zaɓi ba. Umurni mai zuwa zai nuna bayanai akan cpu, disko da statistics na cibiyar sadarwa a cikin ɗan gajeren tsari mai iya karantawa.
# collectl waiting for 1 second sample... # #cpu sys inter ctxsw KBRead Reads KBWrit Writes KBIn PktIn KBOut PktOut 13 5 790 1322 0 0 92 7 4 13 0 5 10 2 719 1186 0 0 0 0 3 9 0 4 12 0 753 1188 0 0 52 3 2 5 0 6 13 2 733 1063 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 25 2 834 1375 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 28 2 870 1424 0 0 36 7 1 1 0 1 19 3 949 2271 0 0 44 3 1 1 0 1 17 2 809 1384 0 0 0 0 1 6 0 6 16 2 732 1348 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 22 4 993 1615 0 0 56 3 1 2 0 3
Kamar yadda kuke iya gani daga fitowar da ke sama da aka nuna a allon tasha, yana da sauƙin aiki tare da ƙimar tsarin tsarin da ke cikin fitowar umarni saboda yana bayyana akan layi ɗaya.
Lokacin da aka aiwatar da kayan aikin tattarawa ba tare da wani zaɓi ba yana nuna bayanai game da tsarin ƙasa masu zuwa:
- cpu
- faifai
- cibiyar sadarwa
Lura: A cikin yanayinmu, tsarin ƙasa shine kowane nau'in albarkatun tsarin da za'a iya aunawa.
Hakanan zaka iya nuna ƙididdiga don duk tsarin ƙasa banda slabs ta hanyar haɗa umarni tare da -duk zaɓi kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.
# collectl --all waiting for 1 second sample... # #cpu sys inter ctxsw Cpu0 Cpu1 Free Buff Cach Inac Slab Map Fragments KBRead Reads KBWrit Writes KBIn PktIn KBOut PktOut IP Tcp Udp Icmp Tcp Udp Raw Frag Handle Inodes Reads Writes Meta Comm 16 3 817 1542 430 390 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G nsslkjjebbk 0 0 24 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 623 0 0 0 8160 240829 0 0 0 0 11 1 745 1324 316 426 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G nsslkjjebbk 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 622 0 0 0 8160 240828 0 0 0 0 15 2 793 1683 371 424 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G ssslkjjebbk 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 622 0 0 0 8160 240829 0 0 0 0 16 2 872 1875 427 446 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G ssslkjjebbk 0 0 24 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 622 0 0 0 8160 240828 0 0 0 0 24 2 842 1383 473 368 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G ssslkjjebbk 0 0 168 6 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 622 0 0 0 8160 240828 0 0 0 0 27 3 844 1099 478 365 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G nsslkjjebbk 0 0 0 0 1 6 1 9 0 0 0 0 622 0 0 0 8160 240828 0 0 0 0 26 5 823 1238 396 428 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G ssslkjjebbk 0 0 0 0 2 11 3 9 0 0 0 0 622 0 0 0 8160 240828 0 0 0 0 15 1 753 1276 361 391 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G ssslkjjebbk 0 0 40 3 1 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 623 0 0 0 8160 240829 0 0 0 0
Amma, ta yaya kuke saka idanu da amfani da cpu tare da taimakon mai amfani? Ya kamata a yi amfani da zaɓin '-s' don sarrafa waɗanne bayanan tsarin da za a tattara ko kunna baya.
Misali ana iya amfani da umarni mai zuwa don saka idanu kan taƙaitaccen amfani da cpu.
# collectl -sc waiting for 1 second sample... # #cpu sys inter ctxsw 15 2 749 1155 16 3 772 1445 14 2 793 1247 27 4 887 1292 24 1 796 1258 16 1 743 1113 15 1 743 1179 14 1 706 1078 15 1 764 1268
Me zai faru idan kun haɗa umarnin tare da scdn? Hanya mafi kyau don koyon yadda ake amfani da kayan aikin layin umarni shine yin aiki gwargwadon iko, don haka gudanar da umarni mai zuwa a cikin tashar ku kuma ga abin da zai faru.
# collectl -scdn waiting for 1 second sample... # #cpu sys inter ctxsw KBRead Reads KBWrit Writes KBIn PktIn KBOut PktOut 25 4 943 3333 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 27 3 825 2910 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 27 5 886 2531 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 20 4 872 2406 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 26 1 854 2091 0 0 20 2 1 1 0 1 39 4 1004 3398 0 0 0 0 2 8 3 6 41 6 955 2464 0 0 40 3 1 2 0 3 25 7 890 1609 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 16 2 814 1165 0 0 796 43 2 2 0 2 14 1 779 1383 0 0 48 6 1 1 0 1 11 2 795 1285 0 0 0 0 2 14 1 14
Kuna iya fahimtar cewa zaɓin tsoho shine cdn, yana nufin cpu, diski da bayanan cibiyar sadarwa. Sakamakon umarni iri ɗaya ne tare da fitarwa na collectl -scn
Idan kana son tattara bayanai game da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa.
# collectl -sm waiting for 1 second sample... # #Free Buff Cach Inac Slab Map 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G
Fitowar da ke sama tana da amfani sosai lokacin da kake son samun cikakkun bayanai game da amfanin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ku, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kyauta da sauran abubuwa masu mahimmanci don aikin tsarin ku.
Yaya game da wasu bayanai akan tcp? Yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa don yin shi.
# collectl -st
waiting for 1 second sample...
#
# IP Tcp Udp Icmp
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0Bayan kun sami ɗan gogewa zaku iya haɗa zaɓuɓɓuka cikin sauƙi don samun sakamakon da kuke so. Misali zaka iya hada t don tcp da c don cpu. Umurnin nan yana yin haka.
# collectl -stc waiting for 1 second sample... # #cpu sys inter ctxsw IP Tcp Udp Icmp 23 8 961 3136 0 0 0 0 24 5 916 3662 0 0 0 0 21 8 848 2408 0 0 0 0 30 10 916 2674 0 0 0 0 38 3 826 1752 0 0 0 0 31 3 820 1408 0 0 0 0 15 5 781 1335 0 0 0 0 17 3 802 1314 0 0 0 0 17 3 755 1218 0 0 0 0 14 2 788 1321 0 0 0 0
Yana da wahala a gare mu mutane mu tuna duk zaɓuɓɓukan da ake da su don haka ina buga jerin taƙaitaccen tsarin tsarin da kayan aikin ke goyan bayan.
- b - bayanan aboki (rarrabuwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya)
- c – CPU
- d – Disk
- f – NFS V3 Data
- i – Inode and File System
- j - Katsewa
- l - Lustre
- m - Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya
- n – Cibiyoyin sadarwa
- s - Sockets
- t - TCP
- x – Haɗin kai
- y - Slabs (maɓallin abubuwa na tsarin)
Wani muhimmin yanki na bayanai don mai sarrafa tsarin ko mai amfani da Linux shine bayanan da aka tattara akan amfani da faifai. Umurnin da ke biyowa zai taimake ka ka kula da yadda ake amfani da faifai.
# collectl -sd
waiting for 1 second sample...
#
#KBRead Reads KBWrit Writes
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 92 7
0 0 0 0
0 0 36 3
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 100 7
0 0 0 0
Hakanan zaka iya amfani da zaɓin -sD don tattara bayanai akan faifai guda ɗaya, amma dole ne ku san cewa ba za a ba da rahoton bayanai akan jimlar faifai ba.
# collectl -sD waiting for 1 second sample... # DISK STATISTICS (/sec) # Pct #Name KBytes Merged IOs Size KBytes Merged IOs Size RWSize QLen Wait SvcTim Util sda 0 0 0 0 52 11 2 26 26 1 8 8 1 sda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sda 0 0 0 0 24 0 2 12 12 0 0 0 0 sda 0 0 0 0 152 0 4 38 38 0 0 0 0 sda 0 0 0 0 192 45 3 64 64 1 20 20 5 sda 0 0 0 0 204 0 2 102 102 0 0 0 0 sda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sda 0 0 0 0 116 26 3 39 38 1 16 16 4 sda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sda 0 0 0 0 32 5 3 11 10 1 16 16 4 sda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hakanan zaka iya amfani da wasu ƙananan tsarin dalla-dalla don tattara cikakkun bayanai. Mai zuwa shine jerin tsarin tsarin daki-daki.
- C – CPU
- D – Disk
- E - Bayanan muhalli (fan, iko, temp), ta ipmitool
- F - Bayanan NFS
- J - Katsewa
- L - Bayanin Luster OST KO cikakken tsarin fayil na abokin ciniki
- N – hanyoyin sadarwa
- T – 65 TCP counters ana samunsu kawai a cikin tsarin tsari
- X – Haɗin kai
- Y - Slabs (maɓallin abubuwa na tsarin)
- Z - Tsari
Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa da ake samu a cikin kayan tattarawa, amma babu isasshen lokaci da sarari don rufe su duka a cikin labarin ɗaya kawai. Koyaya, yana da daraja ambaton da koyar da yadda ake amfani da mai amfani azaman saman da ps.
Abu ne mai sauqi don yin aikin tattarawa azaman babban mai amfani, kawai gudanar da umarni mai zuwa a cikin tashar ku kuma zaku ga irin wannan fitarwa na saman kayan aiki yana ba ku lokacin da aka kashe shi a cikin tsarin Linux ɗin ku.
# collectl --top
# TOP PROCESSES sorted by time (counters are /sec) 13:11:02
# PID User PR PPID THRD S VSZ RSS CP SysT UsrT Pct AccuTime RKB WKB MajF MinF Command
^COuch!tecmint 20 1 40 R 1G 626M 0 0.01 0.14 15 28:48.24 0 0 0 109 /usr/lib/firefox/firefox
3403 tecmint 20 1 40 R 1G 626M 1 0.00 0.20 20 28:48.44 0 0 0 600 /usr/lib/firefox/firefox
5851 tecmint 20 4666 0 R 17M 13M 0 0.02 0.06 8 00:01.28 0 0 0 0 /usr/bin/perl
1682 root 20 1666 2 R 211M 55M 1 0.02 0.01 3 03:10.24 0 0 0 95 /usr/bin/X
3454 tecmint 20 3403 8 S 216M 45M 1 0.01 0.02 3 01:23.32 0 0 0 0 /usr/lib/firefox/plugin-container
4658 tecmint 20 4657 3 S 207M 17M 1 0.00 0.02 2 00:08.23 0 0 0 142 gnome-terminal
2890 tecmint 20 2571 3 S 340M 68M 0 0.00 0.01 1 01:19.95 0 0 0 0 compiz
3521 tecmint 20 1 24 S 710M 148M 1 0.01 0.00 1 01:47.84 0 0 0 0 skype
1 root 20 0 0 S 3M 2M 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:02.57 0 0 0 0 /sbin/init
2 root 20 0 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kthreadd
3 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.60 0 0 0 0 ksoftirqd/0
5 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/0:0H
7 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/u:0H
8 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:04.42 0 0 0 0 migration/0
9 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 rcu_bh
10 root 20 2 0 R 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:02.22 0 0 0 0 rcu_sched
11 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.05 0 0 0 0 watchdog/0
12 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.07 0 0 0 0 watchdog/1
13 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.73 0 0 0 0 ksoftirqd/1
14 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:01.96 0 0 0 0 migration/1
16 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/1:0H
17 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 cpusetKuma yanzu ƙarshe amma ba kalla ba, don amfani da kayan aikin tattarawa kamar yadda kayan aikin ps ke gudanar da umarni mai zuwa a cikin tashar ku. Za ku sami bayanai game da matakai a cikin tsarin ku kamar yadda kuke yi lokacin da kuke gudanar da umarnin ps a cikin tashar ku.
# collectl -c1 -sZ -i:1
waiting for 1 second sample...
### RECORD 1 >>> tecmint-vgn-z13gn <<< (1397979716.001) (Sun Apr 20 13:11:56 2014) ###
# PROCESS SUMMARY (counters are /sec)
# PID User PR PPID THRD S VSZ RSS CP SysT UsrT Pct AccuTime RKB WKB MajF MinF Command
1 root 20 0 0 S 3M 2M 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:02.57 0 0 0 0 /sbin/init
2 root 20 0 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kthreadd
3 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.60 0 0 0 0 ksoftirqd/0
5 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/0:0H
7 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/u:0H
8 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:04.42 0 0 0 0 migration/0
9 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 rcu_bh
10 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:02.24 0 0 0 0 rcu_sched
11 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.05 0 0 0 0 watchdog/0
12 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.07 0 0 0 0 watchdog/1
13 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.73 0 0 0 0 ksoftirqd/1
14 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:01.96 0 0 0 0 migration/1
16 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/1:0H
17 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 cpuset
18 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 khelper
19 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kdevtmpfs
20 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 netns
21 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 bdi-default
22 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kintegritydNa tabbata cewa yawancin masu gudanar da tsarin Linux za su so wannan kayan aiki kuma za su ji ƙarfin sa yayin amfani da shi gabaɗaya. Idan kuna son haɓaka iliminku game da Collectl zuwa mataki na gaba koma zuwa shafukan sa na jagora kuma ku ci gaba da yin aiki.
Kawai rubuta umarni mai zuwa a cikin tashar ku kuma fara karantawa.
# man collectl
Rubutun Magana
tattara Shafin Gida