Yadda ake Tsayawa da Kashe Ayyukan da Ba'a so daga Tsarin Linux
Muna gina uwar garken bisa ga shirinmu da bukatunmu, amma menene ayyukan da aka nufa yayin gina sabar don sa ta yi aiki da sauri da inganci. Dukanmu mun san cewa yayin shigar da Linux OS, ana shigar da wasu fakiti da aikace-aikacen da ba a so ba ta atomatik ba tare da sanin Mai amfani ba.
Lokacin gina uwar garken muna buƙatar tambayar kanmu ainihin abin da muke buƙata daga akwatin. Shin Ina Bukatar Sabar Yanar Gizo ko Sabar FTP, Sabar NFS ko Sabar DNS, Sabar Database ko wani abu dabam?
Anan a cikin wannan labarin, za mu tattauna wasu daga cikin waɗannan aikace-aikacen da sabis ɗin da ba a so waɗanda ƙila ba za ku buƙata ba amma an shigar dasu ta tsohuwa yayin shigarwar OS kuma ba da saninsu ba sun fara cin albarkatun tsarin ku.
Bari mu fara sanin irin sabis ɗin da ke gudana akan tsarin ta amfani da umarni masu zuwa.
ps ax
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
2 ? S 0:00 [kthreadd]
3 ? S 0:00 \_ [migration/0]
4 ? S 0:09 \_ [ksoftirqd/0]
5 ? S 0:00 \_ [migration/0]
6 ? S 0:24 \_ [watchdog/0]
7 ? S 2:20 \_ [events/0]
8 ? S 0:00 \_ [cgroup]
9 ? S 0:00 \_ [khelper]
10 ? S 0:00 \_ [netns]
11 ? S 0:00 \_ [async/mgr]
12 ? S 0:00 \_ [pm]
13 ? S 0:16 \_ [sync_supers]
14 ? S 0:15 \_ [bdi-default]
15 ? S 0:00 \_ [kintegrityd/0]
16 ? S 0:49 \_ [kblockd/0]
17 ? S 0:00 \_ [kacpid]
18 ? S 0:00 \_ [kacpi_notify]
19 ? S 0:00 \_ [kacpi_hotplug]
20 ? S 0:00 \_ [ata_aux]
21 ? S 58:46 \_ [ata_sff/0]
22 ? S 0:00 \_ [ksuspend_usbd]
23 ? S 0:00 \_ [khubd]
24 ? S 0:00 \_ [kseriod]
.....Yanzu, bari mu yi saurin duba hanyoyin karɓar haɗin gwiwa (tashoshi) ta amfani da umarnin netstat kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.
netstat -lp
Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 *:31138 *:* LISTEN 1485/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 *:mysql *:* LISTEN 1882/mysqld tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN 1276/rpcbind tcp 0 0 *:ndmp *:* LISTEN 2375/perl tcp 0 0 *:webcache *:* LISTEN 2312/monitorix-http tcp 0 0 *:ftp *:* LISTEN 2174/vsftpd tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN 1623/sshd tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN 1511/cupsd tcp 0 0 localhost:smtp *:* LISTEN 2189/sendmail tcp 0 0 *:cbt *:* LISTEN 2243/java tcp 0 0 *:websm *:* LISTEN 2243/java tcp 0 0 *:nrpe *:* LISTEN 1631/xinetd tcp 0 0 *:xmltec-xmlmail *:* LISTEN 2243/java tcp 0 0 *:xmpp-client *:* LISTEN 2243/java tcp 0 0 *:hpvirtgrp *:* LISTEN 2243/java tcp 0 0 *:5229 *:* LISTEN 2243/java tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN 1276/rpcbind tcp 0 0 *:http *:* LISTEN 6439/httpd tcp 0 0 *:oracleas-https *:* LISTEN 2243/java ....
A cikin fitowar da ke sama, kun lura cewa wasu aikace-aikacen da ƙila ba ku buƙata akan uwar garken ku amma har yanzu suna gudana kamar haka:
smbd da nmbd su ne daemon na Samba Process. Shin da gaske kuna buƙatar fitar da share smb akan windows ko wata na'ura. Idan ba haka ba! me yasa wadannan matakai ke gudana? Kuna iya kashe waɗannan hanyoyin cikin aminci kuma ku kashe su daga farawa ta atomatik lokacin da injin ke yin takalma na gaba.
Kuna buƙatar sadarwa mai ma'amala da rubutu ta hanyar intanet ko cibiyar sadarwar yanki? Idan ba haka ba! kashe wannan tsari kuma kashe shi daga farawa a booting.
Kuna buƙatar shiga zuwa wani mai watsa shiri akan hanyar sadarwa. Idan ba haka ba! Kashe wannan tsari kuma kashe shi daga farawa ta atomatik a taya.
The Remote Process Execution aka rexec zai baka damar aiwatar da umarnin harsashi akan kwamfuta mai nisa. Idan ba kwa buƙatar aiwatar da umarnin harsashi akan na'ura mai nisa, kawai kashe tsarin.
Kuna buƙatar canja wurin fayiloli daga wannan rundunar zuwa wani mai watsa shiri ta Intanet? Idan ba haka ba, zaku iya dakatar da sabis ɗin cikin aminci.
Kuna buƙatar hawa tsarin fayil daban-daban ta atomatik don haɓaka tsarin fayil ɗin cibiyar sadarwa? Idan ba haka ba! Me yasa wannan tsari yake gudana? Me yasa kuke barin wannan aikace-aikacen ya yi amfani da albarkatun ku? Kashe tsarin kuma kashe shi daga farawa ta atomatik.
Kuna buƙatar kunna NameServer (DNS)? Idan ba abin da ke cikin ƙasa yana tilasta ku gudanar da wannan tsari kuma ku ƙyale cinye albarkatun ku. Kashe tsarin tafiyar da farko sannan ka kashe shi daga gudanar da shi a boot.
lpd shine daemon printer wanda ke ba da damar bugawa zuwa uwar garken. Idan ba kwa buƙatar bugu daga damar uwar garken ana cinye albarkatun tsarin ku.
Kuna gudanar da wani sabis na inetd? Idan kuna gudanar da aikace-aikacen tsayawa kadai kamar ssh wanda ke amfani da sauran aikace-aikacen tsayawa kadai kamar Mysql, Apache, da sauransu to ba kwa buƙatar inetd. mafi kyawun kashe tsarin kuma kashe shi farawa lokaci na gaba ta atomatik.
Taswirar Port wanda shine Buɗewar Hanyar Sadarwar Sadarwar Sadarwar Sadarwa (ONC RPC) kuma tana amfani da daemon rpc.portmap da rpcbind. Idan waɗannan Tsarin suna gudana, yana nufin kuna gudanar da uwar garken NFS. Idan uwar garken NFS yana gudana ba a kula ba yana nufin ana amfani da albarkatun tsarin ku ba dole ba.
Yadda ake Kashe Tsari a Linux
Domin kashe tsarin aiki a Linux, yi amfani da umarnin 'Kill PID'. Amma, kafin gudanar da umurnin Kill, dole ne mu san PID na tsarin. Misali, anan ina so in nemo PID na tsarin 'cupsd'.
ps ax | grep cupsd 1511 ? Ss 0:00 cupsd -C /etc/cups/cupsd.conf
Don haka, PID na tsarin 'cupsd' shine '1511'. Don kashe waccan PID, gudanar da umarni mai zuwa.
kill -9 1511
Don neman ƙarin bayani game da umarnin kashewa tare da misalan su, karanta labarin Jagoran Kill don Kashe Tsari a Linux.
Yadda ake kashe Sabis a Linux
A cikin rabe-raben tushen Red Hat kamar Fedora da CentOS, yi amfani da rubutun da ake kira 'chkconfig'don kunna da kashe ayyukan da ke gudana a Linux.
Misali, bari mu kashe sabar yanar gizo ta Apache a farkon tsarin.
chkconfig httpd off chkconfig httpd --del
A cikin rarraba tushen Debian kamar Ubuntu, Linux Mint da sauran tushen rarraba Debian suna amfani da rubutun da ake kira update-rc.d.
Misali, don musaki sabis ɗin Apache a farawa tsarin aiwatar da umarni mai zuwa. Anan '-f' zaɓi yana tsaye don ƙarfi ya zama dole.
update-rc.d -f apache2 remove
Bayan yin waɗannan canje-canje, Tsarin lokaci na gaba zai yi ta tashi ba tare da waɗannan tsarin da ake buƙata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ba wanda a zahiri zai adana albarkatun tsarin mu kuma uwar garken zai zama mafi amfani, sauri, aminci da aminci.
Shi ke nan a yanzu. Zan sake zo nan tare da wani labarin mai ban sha'awa. Har sai a saurara kuma ku haɗa zuwa Tecment. Kar ku manta da samar mana da ra'ayoyinku masu mahimmanci a Sashen sharhi.