10 Masu Gudanar da Sarkar Mai Amfani a cikin Linux tare da Misalai Masu Aiki


Sarkar da umarnin Linux yana nufin, haɗa umarni da yawa kuma sanya su aiwatar da su bisa la'akari da halayen ma'aikacin da aka yi amfani da su a tsakanin su. Sarkar umarni a cikin Linux, wani abu ne kamar kuna rubuta gajerun rubutun harsashi a harsashi kanta, kuma kuna aiwatar da su daga tashar kai tsaye. Chaining yana ba da damar sarrafa aikin. Bugu da ƙari, injin da ba a kula da shi ba zai iya aiki a cikin tsari mai yawa tare da taimakon masu aiki da sarƙoƙi.

Wannan Labari yana nufin ba da haske akan masu sarrafa umarni akai-akai, tare da gajerun bayanai da misalai masu kama da juna waɗanda tabbas za su ƙara haɓaka aikin ku kuma zai ba ku damar rubuta gajerun lambobi masu ma'ana tare da rage nauyin tsarin, a wasu lokuta.

1. Ampersand Operator (&)

Ayyukan ''&' shine sanya umarnin ya gudana a bango. Kawai rubuta umarnin da aka biyo baya tare da farin sarari kuma '&'. Kuna iya aiwatar da umarni fiye da ɗaya a bango, a cikin tafi ɗaya.

Gudun umarni ɗaya a bango:

[email :~$ ping ­c5 linux-console.net &

Gudun umarni biyu a bango, lokaci guda:

[email :/home/tecmint# apt-get update & apt-get upgrade &

2. Ma'aikacin Semi-Colon (;)

Ma'aikacin ɗan ƙaramin yanki yana ba da damar yin aiki, umarni da yawa a cikin tafi ɗaya kuma aiwatar da umarni yana faruwa a jere.

[email :/home/tecmint# apt-get update ; apt-get upgrade ; mkdir test

Haɗin umarnin da ke sama zai fara aiwatar da koyarwar sabuntawa, sannan haɓaka koyarwa kuma a ƙarshe zai ƙirƙiri kundin jagorar 'gwaji' a ƙarƙashin kundin adireshin aiki na yanzu.

3. DA Mai aiki (&&)

AND Operator (&&) zai aiwatar da umarni na biyu kawai, idan aiwatar da umarnin farko ya yi nasara, watau, matsayin fita na umarni na farko shine 0. Wannan umarnin yana da matukar amfani wajen bincika matsayin aiwatar da umarnin ƙarshe.

Misali, Ina so in ziyarci gidan yanar gizon linux-console.net ta amfani da umarnin hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa, a cikin tasha amma kafin wannan ina buƙatar bincika ko mai watsa shiri yana raye ko a'a.

[email :/home/tecmint# ping -c3 linux-console.net && links linux-console.net

4. KO Mai aiki (||)

OR Operator (||) yayi kama da 'wani' magana a cikin shirye-shirye. Ma'aikacin da ke sama yana ba ku damar aiwatar da umarni na biyu kawai idan aiwatar da umarnin farko ya gaza, watau, matsayin fita na umarnin farko shine '1'.

Misali, Ina so in aiwatar da 'apt-samun sabuntawa' daga asusun da ba tushen tushe ba kuma idan umarni na farko ya gaza, to umarni na biyu 'links linux-console.net' zai aiwatar.

[email :~$ apt-get update || links linux-console.net

A cikin umarnin da ke sama, tunda ba a ƙyale mai amfani ya sabunta tsarin ba, yana nufin cewa matsayin fita na umarnin farko shine '1' kuma saboda haka ana aiwatar da umarni na ƙarshe 'links linux-console.net'.

Idan an aiwatar da umarni na farko cikin nasara fa, tare da matsayin fita '0'? Babu shakka! Umurni na biyu ba zai aiwatar ba.

[email :~$ mkdir test || links linux-console.net

Anan, mai amfani ya ƙirƙiri babban fayil 'gwaji'a cikin kundin adireshin gidansa, wanda aka ba wa mai amfani izini. Umurnin da aka aiwatar cikin nasara yana ba da matsayin fita '0' don haka ba a aiwatar da sashin ƙarshe na umarnin.

5. BA Mai aiki (!)

Mai aiki BA (!) yana kama da 'ban da' sanarwa. Wannan umarnin zai aiwatar da duka sai dai yanayin da aka bayar. Don fahimtar wannan, ƙirƙiri kundin adireshi 'tecmint'a cikin kundin adireshin gidan ku kuma 'cd' zuwa gare shi.

[email :~$ mkdir tecmint 
[email :~$ cd tecmint

Na gaba, ƙirƙiri nau'ikan fayiloli da yawa a cikin babban fayil 'tecmint'.

[email :~/tecmint$ touch a.doc b.doc a.pdf b.pdf a.xml b.xml a.html b.html

Duba mun ƙirƙiri duk sabbin fayiloli a cikin babban fayil 'tecmint'.

[email :~/tecmint$ ls 

a.doc  a.html  a.pdf  a.xml  b.doc  b.html  b.pdf  b.xml

Yanzu share duk fayilolin ban da fayil 'html' gaba ɗaya, ta hanya mai wayo.

[email :~/tecmint$ rm -r !(*.html)

Kawai don tabbatarwa, kisa na ƙarshe. Lissafin duk fayilolin da ake da su ta amfani da umarnin ls.

[email :~/tecmint$ ls 

a.html  b.html

6. KUMA - KO mai aiki (&& - ||)

Ma'aikacin da ke sama shine haƙiƙanin haɗin 'AND' da 'OR' Operator. Yana kama da magana 'idan-wani'.

Misali, bari mu yi ping zuwa linux-console.net, idan nasara ta amsa 'Verified'kuma ta amsa' Mai watsa shiri'.

[email :~/tecmint$ ping -c3 linux-console.net && echo "Verified" || echo "Host Down"
PING linux-console.net (212.71.234.61) 56(84) bytes of data. 
64 bytes from linux-console.net (212.71.234.61): icmp_req=1 ttl=55 time=216 ms 
64 bytes from linux-console.net (212.71.234.61): icmp_req=2 ttl=55 time=224 ms 
64 bytes from linux-console.net (212.71.234.61): icmp_req=3 ttl=55 time=226 ms 

--- linux-console.net ping statistics --- 
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2001ms 
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 216.960/222.789/226.423/4.199 ms 
Verified

Yanzu, cire haɗin haɗin Intanet ɗin ku, kuma sake gwada umarnin iri ɗaya.

[email :~/tecmint$ ping -c3 linux-console.net && echo "verified" || echo "Host Down"
ping: unknown host linux-console.net 
Host Down

7. Ma'aikacin PIPE (|)

Wannan ma'aikacin PIPE yana da fa'ida sosai inda fitarwar umarnin farko ke aiki azaman shigarwa zuwa umarni na biyu. Misali, bututun fitar da 'ls -l' zuwa 'kasa' kuma duba fitar da umarnin.

[email :~$ ls -l | less

8. Ma'aikacin Haɗin Umurni {}

Haɗa umarni biyu ko fiye, umarni na biyu ya dogara da aiwatar da umarnin farko.

Misali, duba idan kundin adireshi 'bin' yana samuwa ko a'a, da fitarwa mai dacewa.

[email :~$ [ -d bin ] || { echo Directory does not exist, creating directory now.; mkdir bin; } && echo Directory exists.

9. Ma'aikacin fifiko()

Mai aiki yana ba da damar aiwatar da umarni a cikin tsari na gaba.

Command_x1 &&Command_x2 || Command_x3 && Command_x4.

A cikin umarnin pseudo na sama, menene idan Command_x1 ya gaza? Babu ɗayan Command_x2, Command_x3, Command_x4 da za'a aiwatar, saboda wannan muna amfani da Ma'aikacin Precedence, kamar:

(Command_x1 &&Command_x2) || (Command_x3 && Command_x4)

A cikin umarnin pseudo na sama, idan Command_x1 ya kasa, Command_x2 kuma ya kasa amma Duk da haka Command_x3 da Command_x4 suna aiwatarwa ya dogara da matsayin fita na Command_x3.

10. Ma'aikacin haɗin gwiwa (\)

Ana amfani da Operator Concatenation (\) kamar yadda sunan ya fayyace, don haɗa manyan umarni akan layi da yawa a cikin harsashi. Misali, Umurnin da ke ƙasa zai buɗe gwajin fayil ɗin rubutu(1).txt.

[email :~/Downloads$ nano test\(1\).txt

Shi ke nan a yanzu. Ina zuwa da wani labarin mai ban sha'awa ba da jimawa ba. Har zuwa lokacin Tsaya, lafiya kuma a haɗa da Tecment. Kar ku manta da bayar da ra'ayoyinku masu mahimmanci a cikin sashin sharhinmu.