Yadda ake Daidaita Sabar yanar gizo/Shafukan yanar gizo na Apache Biyu Ta amfani da Rsync


Akwai koyawa da yawa da ake samu akan gidan yanar gizo don madubi ko ɗaukar ajiyar fayilolin yanar gizonku tare da hanyoyi daban-daban, anan ina ƙirƙirar wannan labarin don tunani na gaba kuma a nan zan yi amfani da umarni mai sauƙi kuma mai sauƙin amfani da Linux don ƙirƙirar madadin gidan yanar gizon ku. Wannan koyawa za ta taimake ka ka daidaita bayanai tsakanin sabar gidan yanar gizon ku guda biyu tare da Rsync.

Manufar ƙirƙirar madubin uwar garken gidan yanar gizon ku tare da Rsync shine idan babban sabar gidan yanar gizon ku ta gaza, sabar madadin ku na iya ɗaukar nauyi don rage lokacin saukar gidan yanar gizon ku. Wannan hanyar ƙirƙirar madadin sabar gidan yanar gizo yana da kyau sosai kuma yana da tasiri ga ƙananan kasuwancin yanar gizo da matsakaici.

Amfanin Daidaita Sabar Yanar Gizo

Babban fa'idodin ƙirƙirar madadin sabar gidan yanar gizo tare da rsync sune kamar haka:

  1. Rsync yana daidaitawa kawai waɗancan bytes da tubalan bayanan da suka canza.
  2. Rsync yana da ikon dubawa da share waɗancan fayiloli da kundayen adireshi a sabar madadin da aka goge daga babban sabar gidan yanar gizo.
  3. Yana kula da izini, mallaka da halaye na musamman yayin kwafin bayanai daga nesa.
  4. Hakanan yana goyan bayan ka'idar SSH don canja wurin bayanai ta hanyar rufaffiyar don a tabbatar muku cewa duk bayanan suna da aminci.
  5. Rsync yana amfani da hanyar matsawa da ragewa yayin da ake canja wurin bayanai wanda ke cin ƙarancin bandwidth.

Yadda Ake Daidaita Sabar Yanar Gizon Apache Biyu

Bari mu ci gaba da saita rsync don ƙirƙirar madubi na sabar gidan yanar gizon ku. Anan, zan yi amfani da sabobin biyu.

    Adireshin IP: 192.168.0.100
  1. Sunan mai watsa shiri: webserver.example.com

    Adireshin IP: 192.168.0.101
  1. Sunan mai watsa shiri: backup.example.com

Anan a wannan yanayin bayanan sabar gidan yanar gizo na webserver.example.com za a yi kama da backup.example.com. Kuma don yin haka da farko, muna buƙatar shigar da Rsync akan uwar garken biyu tare da taimakon bin umarni.

 yum install rsync        [On Red Hat based systems]
 apt-get install rsync    [On Debian based systems]

Zamu iya saita rsync tare da tushen mai amfani, amma saboda dalilan tsaro, zaku iya ƙirƙirar mai amfani mara gata akan babban sabar gidan yanar gizo watau webserver.example.com don gudanar da rsync.

 useradd tecmint
 passwd tecmint

Anan na ƙirƙiri mai amfani “tecmint” kuma na sanya kalmar sirri ga mai amfani.

Lokaci ya yi da za a gwada saitin rsync ɗinku akan uwar garken ajiyar ku (watau backup.example.com) kuma don yin haka, da fatan za a rubuta umarni mai zuwa.

 rsync -avzhe ssh [email :/var/www/ /var/www
[email 's password:

receiving incremental file list
sent 128 bytes  received 32.67K bytes  5.96K bytes/sec
total size is 12.78M  speedup is 389.70

Kuna iya ganin cewa rsync ɗinku yanzu yana aiki sosai kuma yana daidaita bayanai. Na yi amfani da /var/www don canja wuri; za ku iya canza wurin babban fayil bisa ga bukatunku.

Yanzu, mun gama tare da saitin rsync kuma yanzu lokacin ya yi don saita cron don rsync. Kamar yadda za mu yi amfani da rsync tare da yarjejeniyar SSH, ssh zai kasance yana neman tabbaci kuma idan ba za mu samar da kalmar sirri ba don cron ba zai yi aiki ba. Domin yin aiki da cron a hankali, muna buƙatar saitin ssh logins mara kalmar sirri don rsync.

Anan a cikin wannan misalin, Ina yin shi azaman tushen don adana ikon mallakar fayil kuma, zaku iya yin shi don madadin masu amfani kuma.

Da farko, za mu samar da maɓalli na jama'a da masu zaman kansu tare da bin umarni akan sabar madadin (watau madadin.example.com).

 ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048

Lokacin da kuka shigar da wannan umarni, don Allah kar a samar da kalmar wucewa kuma danna shiga don kalmar wucewa mara kyau ta yadda rsync cron ba zai buƙaci kowane kalmar sirri don daidaita bayanai ba.

Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
9a:33:a9:5d:f4:e1:41:26:57:d0:9a:68:5b:37:9c:23 [email 
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|          .o.    |
|           ..    |
|        ..++ .   |
|        o=E *    |
|       .Sooo o   |
|       =.o o     |
|      * . o      |
|     o +         |
|    . .          |
+-----------------+

Yanzu, an ƙirƙiro maɓallin mu na Jama'a da na sirri kuma za mu raba shi da babban uwar garken ta yadda babbar uwar garken gidan yanar gizo za ta gane wannan na'ura mai ajiya kuma zai ba ta damar shiga ba tare da tambayar kowane kalmar sirri ba yayin daidaita bayanai.

 ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email 

Yanzu gwada shiga cikin na'ura, tare da ssh[email kare]', sannan a duba .ssh/authorized_keys.

 [email 

Yanzu, mun gama da maɓallan rabawa. Don ƙarin sani game da SSH kalmar sirri ƙasa shiga, za ka iya karanta labarin mu a kai.

  1. SSH Passwordless Shiga cikin Sauƙaƙe Matakai 5

Bari mu saita cron don wannan. Don saita cron, da fatan za a buɗe fayil ɗin crontab tare da umarni mai zuwa.

 crontab –e

Zai buɗe fayil ɗin /etc/crontab don daidaitawa tare da tsohon editan ku. Anan A cikin wannan misalin, Ina rubuta cron don gudanar da shi kowane minti 5 don daidaita bayanan.

*/5        *        *        *        *   rsync -avzhe ssh [email :/var/www/ /var/www/

Umurnin cron na sama da rsync kawai suna daidaita “/ var/www/” daga babban sabar gidan yanar gizo zuwa uwar garken ajiya a cikin kowane mintuna 5. Kuna iya canza saitin wurin lokaci da babban fayil gwargwadon bukatunku. Don ƙarin ƙirƙira da keɓancewa tare da umarnin Rsync da Cron, zaku iya bincika ƙarin cikakkun labaran mu a:

  1. Umarnin Rsync 10 don Daidaita Fayiloli/Jaka a cikin Linux
  2. Misalan Jadawalin Cron 11 a cikin Linux