An Sakin Kernel 3.12 - Shigarwa kuma Haɗa a cikin Linux Debian


Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da aka zana don amfani da Linux shine sauƙin daidaitawa kuma ɗayan abubuwan jin daɗi don keɓancewa shine Kernel kanta, zuciyar Linux Operating System. Yiwuwar ita ce wataƙila ba za ku taɓa haɗa kwaya ta kanku ba. Wanda ke jigilar kaya tare da rarrabawar ku da sabuntawa ta tsarin sarrafa fakitinku yawanci yana da kyau sosai, amma akwai lokutan da zai zama dole a sake tattara kernel ɗin.

Wasu daga cikin waɗannan dalilai na iya zama buƙatun kayan masarufi na musamman, sha'awar ƙirƙirar kernel monolithic maimakon na zamani, inganta kernel ta hanyar cire direbobi marasa amfani, gudanar da kernel na ci gaba, ko kawai don ƙarin koyo game da Linux. A wannan yanayin, za mu tattara sabon Kernel 3.12, akan Debian Wheezy. Sabuwar Kernel 3.12 tana da sabbin abubuwa da yawa, gami da wasu sabbin direbobi don NVIDIA Optimus, da Radeon Kernel Graphics Driver. Hakanan yana ba da babban ci gaba ga tsarin fayil na EXT4, da wasu sabuntawa zuwa XFS da Btrfs.

Yadda ake Haɗa da Sanya Kernel 3.12 a cikin Debian

Don farawa, za mu buƙaci wasu fakiti, wato fakeroot da kernel-package:

# apt-get install fakeroot kernel-package

Yanzu, bari a ɗauki sabon tushen tarball daga www.kernel.org ko kuna iya amfani da bin umarnin wget don saukar da shi.

# wget -c https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.12.tar.xz

Yanzu, bari mu cire kayan tarihin.

# tar -xvJf linux-3.12.tar.xz

Bayan, cirewa, za a ƙirƙiri sabon jagorar tushen kernel.

# cd linux-3.12

Yanzu, za mu so mu daidaita kernel. Zai fi kyau farawa da tsarin da kuke amfani da shi a halin yanzu kuma kuyi aiki daga can. Don yin wannan, za mu kwafi tsarin na yanzu daga/boot directory zuwa kundin aiki na yanzu kuma mu adana shi azaman .config.

# cp /boot/config-`uname –r`.config

Don farawa da ainihin daidaitawa, kuna da ɗayan zaɓuɓɓuka biyu. Idan kun shigar da X11, zaku iya yin xconfig, kuma kuna da kyakkyawan menu na GUI don taimaka muku yayin da kuke saita Kernel ɗinku. Idan kuna gudana a cikin yanayin CLI, zaku iya gudanar da menuconfig. Kuna buƙatar kunshin libncurses5-dev da aka shigar don amfani da menuconfig:

# apt-get install libncurses5-dev
# make menuconfig

Kamar yadda zaku gani, da zarar kun kasance cikin tsarin zaɓinku, cewa akwai tarin zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban don Kernel ɗinku. A zahiri, akwai nisa da yawa don iyakar wannan koyawa. Lokacin zabar zaɓuɓɓukan Kernel, hanya mafi kyau ita ce ta gwaji da kuskure, da yin yawancin Googling. Ita ce hanya mafi kyau don koyo. Idan kawai kuna ƙoƙarin sabunta Kernel ɗinku zuwa sabon sigar kwanan nan, ba lallai ne ku canza komai ba kuma kuna iya kawai zaɓi Ajiye Kanfigareshan.

Yi la'akari da cewa an zaɓi Loader Module na Kernel a cikin Taimakon Module Loadable. Idan ba haka ba, kuma kuna amfani da kernel modules, zai iya rikitar da abubuwa da gaske.

Da zarar wannan ya mike, lokaci yayi da za a tsaftace bishiyar tushe.

# make-kpkg clean

A ƙarshe, lokaci yayi da za a gina kunshin kwaya.

# export CONCURRENCY_LEVEL=3
# fakeroot make-kpkg --append-to-version "-customkernel" --revision "1" --initrd kernel_image kernel_headers

Kamar yadda za ku gani a sama, mun fitar da wani m mai suna CONCURRENCY_LEVEL. Babban ƙa'idar babban yatsan hannu tare da wannan ma'auni shine saita shi azaman adadin muryoyin da kwamfutarka ke da + 1. Don haka, idan kuna amfani da quad core, zaku:

# export CONCURRENCY_LEVEL=5

Wannan zai ƙara saurin lokacin tattarawar ku. Sauran umarnin tattarawa kyakkyawa ne mai bayyana kansa. Tare da fakeroot, muna yin fakitin kernel (make-kpkg), sanya igiya don suna kernel ɗinmu (\customkernel), muna ba shi lambar bita (\1) kuma muna gaya wa make-kpkg don gina duka biyun. kunshin hoto da kunshin kan kai. Da zarar an gama tattarawa, kuma dangane da injin ku, da adadin samfuran da kuke tattarawa, zai iya ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo, canza kundayen adireshi zuwa ɗaya baya daga tushen tushen Linux, kuma yakamata ku ga sabbin fayilolin * .deb guda biyu - fayil ɗin linux-image ɗaya da fayil ɗin masu kai na linux ɗaya:

Yanzu zaku iya shigar da waɗannan fayil ɗin kamar yadda zaku shigar da kowane fayil * .deb tare da umarnin dpkg.

# dpkg -i linux-image-3.12.0-customkernel_1_i386.deb linux-headers-3.12.0-customkernel_1_i386.deb

Sabuwar kernel, tunda kunshin Debian ne, zai sabunta duk abin da kuke buƙata, gami da bootloader. Da zarar an shigar, kawai ka sake yin, kuma zaɓi sabon kwaya daga menu na GRUB/LiLO.

Tabbatar kula da hankali sosai ga kowane saƙon kuskure yayin aikin taya don haka zaku iya warware kowane matsala. Idan, saboda kowane dalili, tsarin ku bai yi taya ba, koyaushe kuna iya komawa zuwa Kernel ɗinku na ƙarshe kuma sake gwadawa. Kernel mara aiki koyaushe ana iya cire shi tare da ingantaccen umarni.

# sudo apt-get remove linux-image-(non-working-kernel)