Dokokin Linux 10 Ƙananan Sananniya - Kashi na 2
Ci gaba da tattaunawa ta ƙarshe daga 11 Ƙananan Sanantattun Dokokin Linux Masu Amfani - Sashe na I anan a cikin wannan labarin za mu mai da hankali kan wasu ƙananan sanannun dokokin Linux, waɗanda za su kasance da amfani sosai wajen sarrafa Desktop da Server.
12. Umurni
Kowane yanki na umarni da kuka buga a cikin tasha ana yin rikodin shi a cikin tarihi kuma ana iya sake gwada shi ta amfani da umarnin tarihi.
Yaya game da umarnin tarihin yaudara? Ee za ku iya yin shi kuma yana da sauƙin gaske. Kawai sanya farin sarari ɗaya ko fiye kafin buga umarni a tashar kuma ba za a yi rikodin umarninka ba.
Bari mu gwada, za mu gwada umarnin Linux guda biyar gama gari (ka ce ls, pwd, uname, echo \hi da wane) a cikin tasha bayan farar sarari guda ɗaya kuma duba idan waɗannan umarnin suna cikin tarihi ko a'a.
[email :~$ ls [email :~$ pwd [email :~$ uname [email :~$ echo “hi” [email :~$ who
Yanzu gudanar da umarnin 'tarihi' don ganin ko an rubuta waɗannan umarnin da aka aiwatar a sama ko a'a.
[email :~$ history 40 cd /dev/ 41 ls 42 dd if=/dev/cdrom1 of=/home/avi/Desktop/squeeze.iso 43 ping www.google.com 44 su
Kun ga ba a shigar da umarnin mu na ƙarshe ba. Hakanan zamu iya yaudarar tarihi ta amfani da madadin umarni 'cat | bash' ba shakka ba tare da ambato ba, kamar yadda yake a sama.
13. Dokar doka
Umurnin ƙididdiga a cikin Linux yana nuna bayanin matsayi na fayil ko tsarin fayil. Ƙididdiga ta nuna cikakken bayani game da fayil ɗin wanda sunan da aka wuce azaman hujja. Bayanin Matsayi ya haɗa da Girman fayil, Tubalan, Izinin Samun damar, Kwanan kwanan watan samun damar fayil na ƙarshe, Gyara, canji, da sauransu.
[email :~$ stat 34.odt File: `34.odt' Size: 28822 Blocks: 64 IO Block: 4096 regular file Device: 801h/2049d Inode: 5030293 Links: 1 Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 1000/ avi) Gid: ( 1000/ avi) Access: 2013-10-14 00:17:40.000000000 +0530 Modify: 2013-10-01 15:20:17.000000000 +0530 Change: 2013-10-01 15:20:17.000000000 +0530
14. . da kuma .
Haɗin maɓallin da ke sama ba ainihin umarni bane amma tweak wanda ya sanya hujjar umarni ta ƙarshe a cikin gaggawa, a cikin tsari na ƙarshe da aka shigar zuwa umarnin da aka shigar a baya. Kawai danna ka riƙe 'Alt' ko 'Esc' kuma ci gaba da latsa '.'.
15. umarnin pv
Wataƙila kun ga ana kwaikwayon rubutu a cikin Fina-finai musamman Fina-finan Hollywood, inda rubutun ya bayyana kamar ana buga shi a ainihin lokacin. Kuna iya maimaita kowane nau'in rubutu da fitarwa a cikin simintin salon ta amfani da umarnin 'pv', kamar yadda aka faɗo a sama. Ba za a iya shigar da umarnin pv a cikin tsarin ku ba, kuma dole ne ku dace ko yum fakitin da ake buƙata don shigar da 'pv' a cikin akwatin ku.
[email :# echo "Tecmint [dot] com is the world's best website for qualitative Linux article" | pv -qL 20
Tecmint [dot] com is the world's best website for qualitative Linux article
16. hawa | shafi -t
Umurnin da ke sama yana nuna jerin duk tsarin fayil ɗin da aka ɗora a cikin kyakkyawan tsari tare da ƙayyadaddun bayanai.
[email :~$ mount | column -t
/dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) tmpfs on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620) fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw)
17. Ctr+l umurnin
Kafin in ci gaba, bari in tambaye ku yadda kuke share tashar ku. Hmmm! Kuna rubuta \clear da sauri. To umurnin da ke sama yana aiwatar da aikin tsaftace tashar ku gaba ɗaya, kawai danna Ctr+l sannan ku ga yadda yake share tasharku gaba ɗaya.
18. Umarni na murda
Yaya game da duba saƙon da ba a karanta ba daga layin umarni. Wannan umarnin yana da amfani sosai ga waɗanda ke aiki akan uwar garken mara kai. Har ila yau yana neman kalmar sirri a lokacin aiki kuma ba kwa buƙatar yin rikodin kalmar sirri ta sirri a cikin layin da ke sama, wanda in ba haka ba hadarin tsaro ne.
[email :~$ curl -u [email --silent "https://mail.google.com/mail/feed/atom" | perl -ne 'print "\t" if //; print "$2\n" if /<(title|name)>(.*)<\/>/;'
Enter host password for user '[email ': Gmail - Inbox for [email People offering cars in Delhi - Oct 26 Quikr Alerts another dependency question Chris Bannister Ralf Mardorf Reco Brian François Patte Curt Siard berenger.morel Hi Avishek - Download your Free MBA Brochure Now... Diya ★Top Best Sellers Of The Week, Take Your Pick★ Timesdeal aptitude misconfigure? Glenn English Choosing Debian version or derivative to run Wine when resource poor Chris Bannister Zenaan Harkness Curt Tom H Richard Owlett Ralf Mardorf Rob Owens
19. Umurnin allo
Umurnin allon yana ba da damar cire dogon tsari mai gudana daga zaman da za a iya sake haɗawa, kamar kuma lokacin da ake buƙata wanda ke ba da sassauci a aiwatar da umarni.
Don gudanar da tsari (dogon) gabaɗaya muna aiwatar da shi azaman
[email :~$ ./long-unix-script.sh
Wanne ba shi da sassauci kuma yana buƙatar mai amfani ya ci gaba da zama na yanzu, duk da haka idan muka aiwatar da umarnin da ke sama a matsayin.
[email :~$ screen ./long-unix-script.sh
Ana iya cire shi ko sake haɗa shi a cikin zama daban-daban. Lokacin da umarni ke aiwatarwa danna Ctrl + A sannan d don cire haɗin. Don haɗa gudu.
[email :~$ screen -r 4980.pts-0.localhost
Lura: Anan, sashin baya na wannan umarni shine id na allo, wanda zaku iya samun ta amfani da umarnin 'screen -ls'. Don ƙarin sani game da 'umarnin allo'da amfani da su, da fatan za a karanta labarinmu wanda ke nuna wasu umarnin allo masu amfani 10 tare da misalai.
20. fayil
A'a! umarnin da ke sama ba rubutun rubutu ba ne. 'fayil' umarni ne wanda ke ba ku bayani game da nau'in fayil ɗin.
[email :~$ file 34.odt 34.odt: OpenDocument Text
21. id
Umurnin da ke sama yana buga ainihin kuma tasiri mai amfani da ids na rukuni.
[email :~$ id
uid=1000(avi) gid=1000(avi) groups=1000(avi),24(cdrom),25(floppy),29(audio),30(dip),44(video),46(plugdev),109(netdev),111(bluetooth),117(scanner)
Shi ke nan a yanzu. Ganin nasarar labarin ƙarshe na wannan silsilar da kuma wannan labarin, zan zo tare da wani ɓangaren wannan labarin mai ɗauke da wasu umarnin Linux da ba a san su ba nan ba da jimawa ba. Har sai Kayi Sauraro kuma ka haɗa zuwa Tecment. Kar a manta da samar mana da Ra'ayoyin ku masu kima a cikin Sharhi.
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