Dokokin Linux 10 Ƙananan Sananniya - Kashi na 2


Ci gaba da tattaunawa ta ƙarshe daga 11 Ƙananan Sanantattun Dokokin Linux Masu Amfani - Sashe na I anan a cikin wannan labarin za mu mai da hankali kan wasu ƙananan sanannun dokokin Linux, waɗanda za su kasance da amfani sosai wajen sarrafa Desktop da Server.

12. Umurni

Kowane yanki na umarni da kuka buga a cikin tasha ana yin rikodin shi a cikin tarihi kuma ana iya sake gwada shi ta amfani da umarnin tarihi.

Yaya game da umarnin tarihin yaudara? Ee za ku iya yin shi kuma yana da sauƙin gaske. Kawai sanya farin sarari ɗaya ko fiye kafin buga umarni a tashar kuma ba za a yi rikodin umarninka ba.

Bari mu gwada, za mu gwada umarnin Linux guda biyar gama gari (ka ce ls, pwd, uname, echo \hi da wane) a cikin tasha bayan farar sarari guda ɗaya kuma duba idan waɗannan umarnin suna cikin tarihi ko a'a.

[email :~$  ls
[email :~$  pwd
[email :~$  uname
[email :~$  echo “hi”
[email :~$  who

Yanzu gudanar da umarnin 'tarihi' don ganin ko an rubuta waɗannan umarnin da aka aiwatar a sama ko a'a.

[email :~$ history

   40  cd /dev/ 
   41  ls 
   42  dd if=/dev/cdrom1 of=/home/avi/Desktop/squeeze.iso 
   43  ping www.google.com 
   44  su

Kun ga ba a shigar da umarnin mu na ƙarshe ba. Hakanan zamu iya yaudarar tarihi ta amfani da madadin umarni 'cat | bash' ba shakka ba tare da ambato ba, kamar yadda yake a sama.

13. Dokar doka

Umurnin ƙididdiga a cikin Linux yana nuna bayanin matsayi na fayil ko tsarin fayil. Ƙididdiga ta nuna cikakken bayani game da fayil ɗin wanda sunan da aka wuce azaman hujja. Bayanin Matsayi ya haɗa da Girman fayil, Tubalan, Izinin Samun damar, Kwanan kwanan watan samun damar fayil na ƙarshe, Gyara, canji, da sauransu.

[email :~$ stat 34.odt 

  File: `34.odt' 
  Size: 28822     	Blocks: 64         IO Block: 4096   regular file 
Device: 801h/2049d	Inode: 5030293     Links: 1 
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: ( 1000/     avi)   Gid: ( 1000/     avi) 
Access: 2013-10-14 00:17:40.000000000 +0530 
Modify: 2013-10-01 15:20:17.000000000 +0530 
Change: 2013-10-01 15:20:17.000000000 +0530

14. . da kuma .

Haɗin maɓallin da ke sama ba ainihin umarni bane amma tweak wanda ya sanya hujjar umarni ta ƙarshe a cikin gaggawa, a cikin tsari na ƙarshe da aka shigar zuwa umarnin da aka shigar a baya. Kawai danna ka riƙe 'Alt' ko 'Esc' kuma ci gaba da latsa '.'.

15. umarnin pv

Wataƙila kun ga ana kwaikwayon rubutu a cikin Fina-finai musamman Fina-finan Hollywood, inda rubutun ya bayyana kamar ana buga shi a ainihin lokacin. Kuna iya maimaita kowane nau'in rubutu da fitarwa a cikin simintin salon ta amfani da umarnin 'pv', kamar yadda aka faɗo a sama. Ba za a iya shigar da umarnin pv a cikin tsarin ku ba, kuma dole ne ku dace ko yum fakitin da ake buƙata don shigar da 'pv' a cikin akwatin ku.

[email :# echo "Tecmint [dot] com is the world's best website for qualitative Linux article" | pv -qL 20
Tecmint [dot] com is the world's best website for qualitative Linux article

16. hawa | shafi -t

Umurnin da ke sama yana nuna jerin duk tsarin fayil ɗin da aka ɗora a cikin kyakkyawan tsari tare da ƙayyadaddun bayanai.

[email :~$ mount | column -t
/dev/sda1    on  /                         type  ext3         (rw,errors=remount-ro) 
tmpfs        on  /lib/init/rw              type  tmpfs        (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) 
proc         on  /proc                     type  proc         (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) 
sysfs        on  /sys                      type  sysfs        (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) 
udev         on  /dev                      type  tmpfs        (rw,mode=0755) 
tmpfs        on  /dev/shm                  type  tmpfs        (rw,nosuid,nodev) 
devpts       on  /dev/pts                  type  devpts       (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620) 
fusectl      on  /sys/fs/fuse/connections  type  fusectl      (rw) 
binfmt_misc  on  /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc  type  binfmt_misc  (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) 
nfsd         on  /proc/fs/nfsd             type  nfsd         (rw)

17. Ctr+l umurnin

Kafin in ci gaba, bari in tambaye ku yadda kuke share tashar ku. Hmmm! Kuna rubuta \clear da sauri. To umurnin da ke sama yana aiwatar da aikin tsaftace tashar ku gaba ɗaya, kawai danna Ctr+l sannan ku ga yadda yake share tasharku gaba ɗaya.

18. Umarni na murda

Yaya game da duba saƙon da ba a karanta ba daga layin umarni. Wannan umarnin yana da amfani sosai ga waɗanda ke aiki akan uwar garken mara kai. Har ila yau yana neman kalmar sirri a lokacin aiki kuma ba kwa buƙatar yin rikodin kalmar sirri ta sirri a cikin layin da ke sama, wanda in ba haka ba hadarin tsaro ne.

[email :~$ curl -u [email  --silent "https://mail.google.com/mail/feed/atom" | perl -ne 'print "\t" if //; print "$2\n" if /<(title|name)>(.*)<\/>/;'
Enter host password for user '[email ': 
Gmail - Inbox for [email  
People offering cars in Delhi - Oct 26 
	Quikr Alerts 
another dependency question 
	Chris Bannister 
	Ralf Mardorf 
	Reco 
	Brian 
	François Patte 
	Curt 
	Siard 
	berenger.morel 
Hi Avishek - Download your Free MBA Brochure Now... 
	Diya 
★Top Best Sellers Of The Week, Take Your Pick★ 
	Timesdeal 
aptitude misconfigure? 
	Glenn English 
Choosing Debian version or derivative to run Wine when resource poor 
	Chris Bannister 
	Zenaan Harkness 
	Curt 
	Tom H 
	Richard Owlett 
	Ralf Mardorf 
	Rob Owens

19. Umurnin allo

Umurnin allon yana ba da damar cire dogon tsari mai gudana daga zaman da za a iya sake haɗawa, kamar kuma lokacin da ake buƙata wanda ke ba da sassauci a aiwatar da umarni.

Don gudanar da tsari (dogon) gabaɗaya muna aiwatar da shi azaman

[email :~$ ./long-unix-script.sh

Wanne ba shi da sassauci kuma yana buƙatar mai amfani ya ci gaba da zama na yanzu, duk da haka idan muka aiwatar da umarnin da ke sama a matsayin.

[email :~$ screen ./long-unix-script.sh

Ana iya cire shi ko sake haɗa shi a cikin zama daban-daban. Lokacin da umarni ke aiwatarwa danna Ctrl + A sannan d don cire haɗin. Don haɗa gudu.

[email :~$ screen -r 4980.pts-0.localhost

Lura: Anan, sashin baya na wannan umarni shine id na allo, wanda zaku iya samun ta amfani da umarnin 'screen -ls'. Don ƙarin sani game da 'umarnin allo'da amfani da su, da fatan za a karanta labarinmu wanda ke nuna wasu umarnin allo masu amfani 10 tare da misalai.

20. fayil

A'a! umarnin da ke sama ba rubutun rubutu ba ne. 'fayil' umarni ne wanda ke ba ku bayani game da nau'in fayil ɗin.

[email :~$ file 34.odt 

34.odt: OpenDocument Text

21. id

Umurnin da ke sama yana buga ainihin kuma tasiri mai amfani da ids na rukuni.

[email :~$ id
uid=1000(avi) gid=1000(avi) 
groups=1000(avi),24(cdrom),25(floppy),29(audio),30(dip),44(video),46(plugdev),109(netdev),111(bluetooth),117(scanner)

Shi ke nan a yanzu. Ganin nasarar labarin ƙarshe na wannan silsilar da kuma wannan labarin, zan zo tare da wani ɓangaren wannan labarin mai ɗauke da wasu umarnin Linux da ba a san su ba nan ba da jimawa ba. Har sai Kayi Sauraro kuma ka haɗa zuwa Tecment. Kar a manta da samar mana da Ra'ayoyin ku masu kima a cikin Sharhi.

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