Misalai na 15 na dpkg umarni don Debian Based Distros


Debian GNU/Linux, uwar tsarin aiki na adadin rarrabawar Linux ciki har da Knoppix, Kali, Ubuntu, Mint, da sauransu. Yana amfani da Manajan fakiti daban-daban kamar dpkg, dacewa, ƙwarewa, synaptic, tasksel, deselect, dpkg-deb da dpkg-tsaga. .

Za mu yi bayanin kowanne ɗayan waɗannan a taƙaice kafin mu mai da hankali kan umarnin 'dpkg'.

Apt yana nufin Babban Kunshin Tool. Ba ya ma'amala da kunshin 'deb' kuma yana aiki kai tsaye, amma yana aiki tare da tarihin 'deb' daga wurin da aka ƙayyade a cikin fayil ɗin /etc/apt/sources.list.

Kara karantawa: Dokoki 25 masu Amfani na Dokokin APT-GET

Aptitude shine manajan fakitin rubutu na Debian wanda shine gaba-gaba zuwa 'mafi dacewa', wanda ke bawa mai amfani damar sarrafa fakiti cikin sauƙi.

Mai sarrafa fakitin zane wanda ke sauƙaƙa shigarwa, haɓakawa da cire fakiti har zuwa novice.

Tasksel yana bawa mai amfani damar shigar da duk fakitin da suka dace da ke da alaƙa da takamaiman aiki, watau Desktop- muhallin.

Kayan aikin sarrafa fakitin menu, wanda aka fara amfani dashi lokacin shigarwa lokacin farko kuma yanzu ana maye gurbinsa da ƙwarewa.

Yana hulɗa tare da tarihin Debian.

Yana da amfani wajen tsagawa da haɗa babban fayil zuwa gungu-gungu na ƙananan fayilolin da za a adana su akan kafofin watsa labarai na ƙaramin girman kamar floppy-disk.

dpkg shine babban shirin sarrafa fakiti a cikin Debian da Debian tushen Tsarin. Ana amfani da shi don shigarwa, ginawa, cirewa, da sarrafa fakiti. Abtitude shine farkon gaban-karshen dpkg.

Wasu umarnin dpkg da aka fi amfani da su tare da amfanin su an jera su anan:

1. Shigar da Kunshin

Don shigar da kunshin .deb, yi amfani da umarni tare da zaɓin -i. Misali, don shigar da kunshin .deb mai suna flashpluginnonfree_2.8.2+squeeze1_i386.deb yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

 dpkg -i flashpluginnonfree_2.8.2+squeeze1_i386.deb
Selecting previously unselected package flashplugin-nonfree.
(Reading database ... 465729 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking flashplugin-nonfree (from flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb) ...
Setting up flashplugin-nonfree (1:3.2) ...
--2013-10-01 16:23:40--  http://fpdownload.macromedia.com/get/flashplayer/pdc/11.2.202.310/install_flash_player_11_linux.i386.tar.gz
Resolving fpdownload.macromedia.com (fpdownload.macromedia.com)... 23.64.66.70
Connecting to fpdownload.macromedia.com (fpdownload.macromedia.com)|23.64.66.70|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 6923724 (6.6M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘/tmp/flashplugin-nonfree.FPxQ4l02fL/install_flash_player_11_linux.i386.tar.gz’

2. Lissafin duk fakitin da aka shigar

Don duba da jera duk fakitin da aka shigar, yi amfani da zaɓin “-l” tare da umarni.

 dpkg -l
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name                                   Version                  Architecture    Description
+++-======================================-========================-===============================================================================
ii  accerciser                             3.8.0-0ubuntu1           all             interactive Python accessibility explorer for the GNOME desktop
ii  account-plugin-aim                     3.6.4-0ubuntu4.1         i386            Messaging account plugin for AIM
ii  account-plugin-facebook                0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386            GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - facebook
ii  account-plugin-flickr                  0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386            GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - flickr
ii  account-plugin-generic-oauth           0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386            GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - generic OAuth
ii  account-plugin-google                  0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386            GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon
rc  account-plugin-identica                0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386            GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - identica
ii  account-plugin-jabber                  3.6.4-0ubuntu4.1         i386            Messaging account plugin for Jabber/XMPP
....

Don duba takamaiman fakitin da aka shigar ko a'a yi amfani da zaɓin -l tare da sunan fakitin. Misali, duba ko an shigar da kunshin apache2 ko a'a.

 dpkg -l apache2
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name                                   Version                  Architecture    Description
+++-======================================-========================-==============================================
ii  apache2                                2.2.22-6ubuntu5.1        i386            Apache HTTP Server metapackage

3. Cire Kunshin

Don cire kunshin .deb, dole ne mu saka sunan kunshin flashpluginnonfree, ba asalin sunan flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb. Ana amfani da zaɓin “-r” don cirewa/cire kunshin.

 dpkg -r flashpluginnonfree
(Reading database ... 142891 files and directories currently installed.) 
Removing flashpluginnonfree ... 
Processing triggers for man-db ... 
Processing triggers for menu ... 
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ... 
Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...

Hakanan zaka iya amfani da zaɓin 'p' a madadin 'r' wanda zai cire kunshin tare da fayil ɗin sanyi. Zaɓin 'r' zai cire fakitin kawai ba fayilolin daidaitawa ba.

 dpkg -p flashpluginnonfree

4. Duba Abubuwan Kunshin

Don duba abun ciki na takamaiman fakiti, yi amfani da zaɓin “-c” kamar yadda aka nuna. Umurnin zai nuna abubuwan da ke cikin kunshin .deb a cikin tsarin dogon jerin sunayen.

 dpkg -c flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/bin/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/lib/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/lib/mozilla/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree/
-rw-r--r-- root/root      3920 2009-09-09 22:51 ./usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree/pubkey.asc
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/man/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/man/man8/
-rw-r--r-- root/root       716 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/man/man8/update-flashplugin-nonfree.8.gz
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/applications/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/icons/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/icons/hicolor/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/icons/hicolor/24x24/
....

5. Bincika an shigar da Kunshin ko a'a

Yin amfani da zaɓi na -s tare da sunan fakiti, zai nuna ko an shigar da kunshin bashi ko a'a.

 dpkg -s flashplugin-nonfree
Package: flashplugin-nonfree
Status: install ok installed
Priority: optional
Section: contrib/web
Installed-Size: 177
Maintainer: Bart Martens <[email >
Architecture: i386
Version: 1:3.2
Replaces: flashplugin (<< 6)
Depends: debconf | debconf-2.0, wget, gnupg, libatk1.0-0, libcairo2, libfontconfig1, libfreetype6, libgcc1, libglib2.0-0, libgtk2.0-0 (>= 2.14), libnspr4, libnss3, libpango1.0-0, libstdc++6, libx11-6, libxext6, libxt6, libcurl3-gnutls, binutils
Suggests: iceweasel, konqueror-nsplugins, ttf-mscorefonts-installer, ttf-dejavu, ttf-xfree86-nonfree, flashplugin-nonfree-extrasound, hal
Conflicts: flashplayer-mozilla, flashplugin (<< 6), libflash-mozplugin, xfs (<< 1:1.0.1-5)
Description: Adobe Flash Player - browser plugin
...

6. Duba wurin da aka shigar da Fakitin

Don jera wurin fayilolin da za a shigar zuwa tsarin ku daga sunan fakitin.

 dpkg -L flashplugin-nonfree
/.
/usr
/usr/bin
/usr/lib
/usr/lib/mozilla
/usr/lib/mozilla/plugins
/usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree
/usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree/pubkey.asc
/usr/share
/usr/share/man
/usr/share/man/man8
/usr/share/man/man8/update-flashplugin-nonfree.8.gz
/usr/share/applications
/usr/share/icons
/usr/share/icons/hicolor
...

7. Shigar da duk Fakiti daga Directory

A-kai-a-kai, shigar da duk fayilolin da suka dace da tsarin *.deb da aka samu a ƙayyadaddun kundayen adireshi da duk ƙananan kundiyoyin sa. Ana iya amfani da wannan tare da zaɓuɓɓukan -R da -install. Misali, zan shigar da duk fakitin .deb daga kundin adireshi da ake kira debpackages.

 dpkg -R --install debpackages/
(Reading database ... 465836 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace flashplugin-nonfree 1:3.2 (using .../flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement flashplugin-nonfree ...
Setting up flashplugin-nonfree (1:3.2) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ...
Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...

8. Cire Fakitin amma kar' Sanya

Yin amfani da aikin -unpack zai buɗe kunshin, amma ba zai shigar ko saita shi ba.

 dpkg --unpack flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb
(Reading database ... 465836 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace flashplugin-nonfree 1:3.2 (using flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement flashplugin-nonfree ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ...
Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...

9. Sake saita Kunshin da Ba'a Fashe ba

Zaɓin “–configure” zai sake saita fakitin da ba a buɗe ba.

 dpkg --configure flashplugin-nonfree
Setting up flashplugin-nonfree (1:3.2) ...

10. Sauya bayanan Kunshin da ke akwai

Zaɓin --update-avail ya maye gurbin tsohon bayani tare da samuwan bayanin da ke cikin Fayil ɗin Fakiti.

 dpkg –-update-avail package_name

11. Goge bayanan Kunshin da ke akwai

Matakin -clear-avaial zai shafe bayanin na yanzu game da fakitin da ke akwai.

 dpkg –-clear-avail

12. Manta Uninstalled kuma Babu Kunshin

Umurnin dpkg tare da zaɓi -manta-tsohon-navail zai manta da abubuwan da ba a shigar da su ba ta atomatik.

 dpkg --forget-old-unavail

13. Nuna lasisin dpkg

 dpkg --licence

14. Nuna sigar dpkg

Hujjar “–version” zata nuna bayanin sigar dpkg.

 dpkg –version
Debian `dpkg' package management program version 1.16.10 (i386).
This is free software; see the GNU General Public License version 2 or
later for copying conditions. There is NO warranty.

15. Samun duk Taimako game da dpkg

Zaɓin -help zai nuna jerin zaɓuɓɓukan da aka samu na umarnin dpkg.

 dpkg –help
Usage: dpkg [<option> ...] <command>

Commands:
  -i|--install       <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive <directory> ...
  --unpack           <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive <directory> ...
  -A|--record-avail  <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive <directory> ...
  --configure        <package> ... | -a|--pending
  --triggers-only    <package> ... | -a|--pending
  -r|--remove        <package> ... | -a|--pending
  -P|--purge         <package> ... | -a|--pending
  --get-selections [<pattern> ...] Get list of selections to stdout.
  --set-selections                 Set package selections from stdin.
  --clear-selections               Deselect every non-essential package.
  --update-avail <Packages-file>   Replace available packages info.
  --merge-avail <Packages-file>    Merge with info from file.
  --clear-avail                    Erase existing available info.
  --forget-old-unavail             Forget uninstalled unavailable pkgs.
  -s|--status <package> ...        Display package status details.
...

Shi ke nan a yanzu. Zan sake kasancewa a nan tare da wani labari mai ban sha'awa. Idan na rasa kowane umarni a cikin jerin a sanar da ni ta hanyar sharhi. Har zuwa lokacin, Tsaya kuma Ci gaba da haɗi zuwa Tecment. Like da share mu kuma a taimaka mana yadawa. Kar ku manta da ambaton tunaninku masu mahimmanci a cikin sharhi.