Yadda ake Kashe Sabbin Fakiti Ta Amfani da YUM/DNF a cikin RHEL Linux
Rarraba Linux na tushen Red Hat, wanda ake amfani dashi don samun, girka, haɓakawa, cirewa, da kuma neman fakiti daga ma'ajin software na hukuma da ma'ajiyar ɓangare na uku.
Yayin sabunta tsarin, wani lokacin, ba ma sabunta wasu fakiti irin su Apache Server (HTTP), MySQL, PHP, ko duk wani babban aikace-aikacen ba, saboda sabunta irin wannan software na iya karya aikace-aikacen yanar gizo a halin yanzu akan sabar kuma ya haifar da manyan batutuwa. Ana ba da shawarar dakatar da sabuntawa don irin wannan software har sai aikace-aikacen ya sami faci tare da sabbin sabuntawa.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu nuna muku yadda za mu iya ware (musaki) wasu sabuntawar fakiti ta amfani da YUM da mai sarrafa kunshin DNF akan rarrabawar tushen RPM kamar RHEL, CentOS, Fedora, Rocky Linux, da AlmaLinux. Hakanan zamu iya keɓance ko musaki wasu sabuntawar fakiti daga kowane ma'ajiyar ɓangare na uku.
Haɗin haɗin gwiwar zai kasance kamar haka.
exclude=package package1 packages*
An bayyana umarnin keɓance na sama a /etc/yum.conf ko /etc/dnf/dnf.conf fayil ɗin sanyi tare da jerin fakiti don keɓance daga sabuntawa ko shigarwa.
Rubutun da ke sama zai ware kunshi, kunshi1, da jerin abubuwan sabuntawa ko shigarwa kunshin. Ya kamata a raba kowace maɓalli tare da sarari don keɓance fakiti.
Yadda ake Ware Fakiti a cikin YUM ko DNF
Don ware (musaki) takamaiman sabuntawar fakiti, Buɗe fayil da ake kira /etc/yum.conf ko /etc/dnf/dnf.conf tare da zaɓin editan ku.
# vi /etc/yum.conf OR # vi /etc/dnf/dnf.conf
Ƙara layi mai zuwa a ƙasan fayil ɗin tare da keɓance kalmar sirri kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.
[main] cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever keepcache=0 debuglevel=2 logfile=/var/log/yum.log exactarch=1 obsoletes=1 gpgcheck=1 plugins=1 installonly_limit=5 bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=16&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum distroverpkg=centos-release # This is the default, if you make this bigger yum won't see if the metadata # is newer on the remote and so you'll "gain" the bandwidth of not having to # download the new metadata and "pay" for it by yum not having correct # information. # It is esp. important, to have correct metadata, for distributions like # Fedora which don't keep old packages around. If you don't like this checking # interupting your command line usage, it's much better to have something # manually check the metadata once an hour (yum-updatesd will do this). # metadata_expire=90m # PUT YOUR REPOS HERE OR IN separate files named file.repo # in /etc/yum.repos.d ## Exclude following Packages Updates ## exclude=httpd php mysql
A cikin misalin da ke sama, keɓan layin zai kashe sabuntawa don fakitin httpd php da mysql. Bari mu gwada shigarwa ko sabunta ɗayansu ta amfani da umarnin YUM kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.
# yum update httpd OR # dnf update httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: centos.01link.hk * extras: centos.01link.hk * updates: mirrors.hns.net.in base | 3.7 kB 00:00 extras | 3.0 kB 00:00 updates | 3.5 kB 00:00 updates/primary_db | 2.7 MB 00:16 Setting up Update Process No Packages marked for Update
Yadda ake Ware Fakiti daga EPEL Repo
Don keɓe fakitin shigarwa ko sabuntawa daga ma'ajiyar EPEL, sannan buɗe fayil ɗin da ake kira /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo.
# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
Ƙara layin keɓe ta hanyar ƙididdige fakitin da za a cire daga ɗaukakawa.
[epel] name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch #baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch failovermethod=priority enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6 ## Exclude following Packages Updates ## exclude=perl php python
Yanzu gwada sabunta fayilolin da aka ƙayyade a sama daga ma'ajiyar EPEL ta amfani da yum/dnf umurnin kamar yadda aka nuna.
# dnf update perl php python OR # yum update perl php python
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:37 ago on Wednesday 17 November 2021 03:41:28 AM EST. Package perl available, but not installed. No match for argument: perl No match for argument: php No match for argument: python Error: No packages marked for upgrade.
Hakanan zaka iya amfani da zaɓin layin umarni yum/dnf don ware fakiti ba tare da ƙara su zuwa fayilolin ma'ajiya ba.
# yum --exclude=httpd update Or # dnf --exclude=httpd update
Don ware jerin fakiti, yi amfani da umarnin kamar haka.
# yum --exclude=mysql\* --exclude=httpd\* update Or # dnf --exclude=mysql\* --exclude=httpd\* update
Ta wannan hanyar zaku iya keɓance sabuntawa ga kowane fakitin da kuke so. Akwai wasu hanyoyi da yawa da za ku iya yi, alal misali, kwanan nan mun tattara labarin kan hanyoyi 4 masu amfani don toshe/musaki ko kulle wasu fakiti ta amfani da yum umurnin a Linux.