LFCA: Koyi Muhallin Aiwatar da Software - Kashi na 23
Aiwatar da DevOps wani muhimmin abu ne ga kowace ƙungiyar da ke aiki da kuma kiyaye babban aiki(s). Kamar yadda aka tattauna a cikin batutuwan da suka gabata, DevOps yana ba da ƙungiyoyi tare da kayan aiki da hanyoyin da ake buƙata don daidaita ayyukan aiki da samar da ƙarfin da ake buƙata don yin aiki yadda ya kamata, yana haifar da ƙara yawan aiki. Don haka, Idan kasuwancin ku zai ci gaba da dacewa a cikin canji koyaushe da gasa na zamani, to ɗaukar DevOps ba zaɓi bane.
[Kila kuma son: Koyi Tushen Ka'idodin DevOps]
Ba tare da la'akari da kayan aikin DevOps da matakai daban-daban waɗanda kuka daidaita don su ba, mafi kyawun aiki yana ba da shawarar yin amfani da mahalli da yawa a cikin Ci gaban Software na LifeCycle don tabbatar da cewa aikace-aikacenku an gwada su sosai a kowane mataki kafin a samar da su ga masu amfani na ƙarshe.
Menene Ƙaddamarwa a Ci gaban Software
A cikin haɓaka software, ƙaddamarwa yana nufin haɗakar matakai & matakan da ake buƙata don fitar da ko isar da cikakkiyar aikace-aikacen software ga mai amfani na ƙarshe. Aiwatar da aiki yana faruwa a matakai kuma matakin ƙarshe yawanci shine ƙarshen makonni ko watanni na cikakken gwaji don tabbatar da gano kwari da sauran kurakurai da gyarawa.
Yin amfani da mahalli da yawa a cikin turawa yana tabbatar da cewa software an gwada ta sosai kuma ana tura sabuntawa da abubuwan da suka dace kafin fitar da samfurin ƙarshe. Samfurin tura kayan aiki na yau da kullun shine saiti mai hawa uku wanda ya ƙunshi mahallin turawa masu zuwa.
Yanayin ci gaba shine matakin da masu haɓakawa ke tura lambar. Yana da kyau matakin da masu haɓakawa ke samun dama ta farko don gwada lambar don kwari da lahani da kuma kawar da su.
Ana ɗaukar wannan a matsayin layin farko na tsaro daga duk wani sabani ko batutuwa tare da aikace-aikacen. Wani lokaci, yanayin ci gaba na iya zama PC na gida na masu haɓaka inda suke aiki akan lamba daga jin daɗin tashoshin su.
Duk wani kurakuran software ko lahani ana magance su a cikin yanayin haɓakawa da farko kafin a ci gaba zuwa mataki na gaba. Wannan babban tsari ne wanda ake maimaitawa har sai an bayyana aikace-aikacen ya dace don ci gaba zuwa mataki na gaba.
Da zarar an yi la'akari da lambar a matsayin daidaitacce kuma mai ƙarfi, sannan a tura shi zuwa matakin tsarawa don ƙarin gwaji. A cikin yanayin tsarawa, ƙungiyar Tabbatar da Inganci (QA) tana samun dama ga uwar garken tsarawa kuma tana gudanar da gwaje-gwajen aiki akan aikace-aikacen don tabbatar da cewa yana aiki kamar yadda ya kamata.
Gwajin yana taimakawa wajen gano wuraren da ke buƙatar haɓakawa. Duk wani kwaro da aka gano ana ba da rahoto ga masu haɓakawa waɗanda aka ƙirƙira tsarin don gamsuwa kuma ana wuce lambar zuwa mataki na gaba.
Da zarar lambar ta wuce duk ƙa'idodin tabbatar da inganci, sannan a tura shi zuwa yanayin samarwa. Yana cikin yanayin samarwa inda a ƙarshe aka samar da aikace-aikacen zuwa ga abokin ciniki ko mai amfani na ƙarshe. Yanayin samarwa na iya zama cibiyar sadarwa ta sabobin a cikin cibiyar bayanan kan-gida ko tsarin gine-ginen sabar girgije da ke kan wurare da yawa na yanki don sakewa da samun dama.
NOTE: Saitin da ke sama hanya ce mai sauƙi don tura lamba. Dangane da bukatun aikin ku, ana iya samun ƙarin mahalli ko kaɗan. Misali, wasu kungiyoyi na iya matsewa a cikin yanayin samarwa don ingantaccen gwaji da tabbacin inganci kafin abokin ciniki ya sami damar samfurin ƙarshe a matakin samarwa. A wasu lokuta, an cire tabbacin inganci daga yanayin tsararru kuma yana kasancewa a matsayin mahalli mai zaman kansa.
Bayan mun kalli samfurin turawa mai sauƙaƙan mataki na 3, Bari yanzu mu sami bayyani na wasu fa'idodin samun wuraren turawa da yawa.
Fa'idodin Amfani da Muhalli masu yawa
Don tabbatar da cewa samfurin ƙarshe ya kai ga alama kuma ba shi da kwaro gwargwadon yuwuwa, cikakken gwaji a cikin mahalli da yawa ya zo da shawarar sosai. Amma wannan daya ne kawai daga cikin dalilan kiyaye mahalli da yawa. Sauran fa'idodin sun haɗa da:
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilai na yin amfani da wurare daban-daban na turawa shine don rage yiwuwar karya aikace-aikacen idan canjin da aka tura zuwa aikace-aikacen ya yi mummunan tasiri.
Ana iya yin manyan canje-canje cikin kwanciyar hankali a wurare daban-daban (ci gaba da tsarawa) maimakon kai tsaye akan aikace-aikacen kai tsaye a samarwa. A yin haka, Ƙungiyar ci gaba na iya samun kwanciyar hankali cewa canje-canjen da aka yi a wasu wuraren gwaji ba za su yi tasiri ga aikace-aikacen ba.
Tun da ba kwa buƙatar damuwa game da karya aikace-aikacen kai tsaye, kuna iya yin kowane canje-canjen da kuke ganin ya dace da sauran wuraren turawa. Bugu da ƙari, da zarar an gwada, za ku iya tura duk waɗannan canje-canje zuwa yanayin rayuwa a tafi ba tare da yin haka ba a cikin matakai daban-daban, wanda ke ceton ku lokaci mai mahimmanci.
Ƙuntata damar yin amfani da bayanan samarwa da ke zaune a cikin sabar samarwa yana tafiya mai nisa wajen kiyaye sirri da mahimman bayanai kamar sunayen masu amfani, kalmomin shiga, da lambobin katin kiredit daga ɓangarori marasa izini. Masu haɓakawa na iya amfani da ƙaƙƙarfan bayanai a cikin yanayin haɓaka don gwada aikace-aikacen maimakon samun damar bayanan samarwa masu mahimmanci, haifar da haɗari mai girma.
Mahalli da yawa suna ba ƙungiyar haɓaka ku da 'yancin yin gwaji akan wuraren gwaji da kuma yin amfani da mafi yawan ra'ayoyinsu na ƙirƙira tunda babu haɗarin tsoma baki tare da lambar rayuwa. Masu haɓakawa za su iya aiwatar da ingantattun ra'ayoyi da tura lambar zuwa sabar gwaji da aka keɓe inda sauran masu gwadawa za su iya yin tunani da ba da ra'ayi kan ko aiwatar da canje-canje akan babban codebase.
A yawancin saitunan DevOps, tabbas za ku ci karo da mahalli da yawa. Ka tuna cewa yayin da kowace ƙungiya tana da nata saitin nata na musamman, matakan ƙaddamarwa na farko sun kasance fiye ko žasa iri ɗaya.
A ƙarshen rana, samun mahalli da yawa yana taimaka muku samun saurin amsawa daga mutane daban-daban da sauri da bin diddigin kwari da sauran lahani akai-akai. Dukkanin gwaje-gwajen aiki da haɗin kai ana gudanar da su ba tare da matsala ba kafin a ƙarshe fitar da aikace-aikacen a samarwa.