Irƙiri Adireshin IP da yawa zuwa Tsarin Hanyar Sadarwa Guda ɗaya
Ma'anar ƙirƙirar ko daidaita adiresoshin IP da yawa a kan hanyar sadarwa guda ɗaya ana kiranta da laƙabi IP. Ba da izini na IP yana da matukar amfani don kafa ɗakunan shafuka masu yawa a kan Apache ta amfani da keɓaɓɓiyar hanyar sadarwa guda ɗaya tare da adiresoshin IP daban a kan hanyar sadarwa ɗaya.
Babban fa'idar amfani da wannan laƙabi na IP shine, baku buƙatar samun adaftar jiki haɗe da kowane IP, amma a maimakon haka zaku iya ƙirƙirar maɓallan abubuwa da yawa ko kama-da-wane (sunayen laƙabi) zuwa katin jiki guda ɗaya.
Umurnin da aka bayar anan suna amfani da duk manyan rarraba Linux kamar Red Hat, Fedora, da CentOS. Kirkirar bangarori da yawa da sanya adireshin IP gare shi da hannu babban aiki ne mai ban tsoro. Anan zamu ga yadda zamu sanya adireshin IP zuwa gare shi yana ayyana saiti na kewayon IP. Hakanan ku fahimci yadda zamu ƙirƙirar keɓaɓɓiyar keɓaɓɓu kuma sanya kewayon adireshin IP daban-daban zuwa mahaɗan a gaba ɗaya. A cikin wannan labarin munyi amfani da LAN IP's, don haka maye gurbin waɗanda da waɗanda zaku yi amfani da su.
Ingirƙira Interface Virtual da Sanya adiresoshin IP da yawa
Anan ina da wata hanyar sadarwa da ake kira “ifcfg-eth0“, tsoffin kayan aikin Ethernet Idan ka hada na’urar Ethernet ta biyu, to za a samu na’urar “ifcfg-eth1” da sauransu ga kowane na’urar da ka makala. Waɗannan fayilolin hanyar sadarwar na'urar suna cikin kundin adireshin “/ etc/sysconfig/network-scripts /”. Kewaya zuwa kundin adireshi kuma kayi “ls -l” don lissafa duk na'urori.
# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ # ls -l
ifcfg-eth0 ifdown-isdn ifup-aliases ifup-plusb init.ipv6-global ifcfg-lo ifdown-post ifup-bnep ifup-post net.hotplug ifdown ifdown-ppp ifup-eth ifup-ppp network-functions ifdown-bnep ifdown-routes ifup-ippp ifup-routes network-functions-ipv6 ifdown-eth ifdown-sit ifup-ipv6 ifup-sit ifdown-ippp ifdown-tunnel ifup-isdn ifup-tunnel ifdown-ipv6 ifup ifup-plip ifup-wireless
Bari mu ɗauka cewa muna son ƙirƙirar ƙarin hanyoyin sadarwa guda uku don ɗaure adiresoshin IP guda uku (172.16.16.126, 172.16.16.127, da 172.16.16.128) zuwa NIC. Don haka, muna buƙatar ƙirƙirar ƙarin fayilolin laƙabi uku, yayin da “ifcfg-eth0” ke riƙe da adireshin IP ɗin farko ɗaya. Wannan shine yadda muke ci gaba zuwa saitin sunayen laƙabi uku don ɗaure adiresoshin IP masu zuwa.
Adapter IP Address Type ------------------------------------------------- eth0 172.16.16.125 Primary eth0:0 172.16.16.126 Alias 1 eth0:1 172.16.16.127 Alias 2 eth0:2 172.16.16.128 Alias 3
Inda “: X” shine lambar (keɓaɓɓiyar) lambar don ƙirƙirar laƙabi don ƙirar eth0. Ga kowane laƙabi dole ne ku sanya lamba bi da bi. Misali, muna kwafin sigogin data kasance na hada-hadar “ifcfg-eth0” a cikin musaya wacce ake kira ifcfg-eth0: 0, ifcfg-eth0: 1 da ifcfg-eth0: 2. Shiga cikin adireshin cibiyar sadarwa kuma ƙirƙirar fayiloli kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.
# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ # cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:0 # cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:1 # cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:2
Bude fayil “ifcfg-eth0” kuma duba abubuwan da ke ciki.
vi ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE="eth0" BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes TYPE="Ethernet" IPADDR=172.16.16.125 NETMASK=255.255.255.224 GATEWAY=172.16.16.100 HWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
Anan muna buƙatar sigogi biyu kawai (NA'URA da IPADDR). Don haka, buɗe kowane fayil tare da editan VI kuma sake suna sunan NA'URA zuwa sunan laƙabi mai dacewa kuma canza adireshin IPADDR. Misali, bude fayiloli "ifcfg-eth0: 0", "ifcfg-eth0: 1" da "ifcfg-eth0: 2" ta amfani da editan VI kuma canza duka sigogin. A ƙarshe zai yi kama da na ƙasa.
DEVICE="eth0:0" BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes TYPE="Ethernet" IPADDR=172.16.16.126 NETMASK=255.255.255.224 GATEWAY=172.16.16.100 HWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
DEVICE="eth0:1" BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes TYPE="Ethernet" IPADDR=172.16.16.127 NETMASK=255.255.255.224 GATEWAY=172.16.16.100 HWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
DEVICE="eth0:2" BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes TYPE="Ethernet" IPADDR=172.16.16.128 NETMASK=255.255.255.224 GATEWAY=172.16.16.100 HWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
Da zarar, kun yi duk canje-canje, adana duk canje-canjen ku kuma sake farawa/fara sabis na cibiyar sadarwa don canje-canje suyi tunani.
/etc/init.d/network restart
Don tabbatar da duk sunayen laƙabi (kama-da-wane dubawa) suna aiki, zaku iya amfani da umarnin “ip”.
ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C inet addr:172.16.16.125 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe28:fd4c/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:237 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:198 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:25429 (24.8 KiB) TX bytes:26910 (26.2 KiB) Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000 eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C inet addr:172.16.16.126 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000 eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C inet addr:172.16.16.127 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000 eth0:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C inet addr:172.16.16.128 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
Ping kowane ɗayansu daga inji daban-daban. Idan komai ya daidaita daidai, zaku sami amsawar ping daga kowane ɗayansu.
ping 172.16.16.126 ping 172.16.16.127 ping 172.16.16.128
ping 172.16.16.126 PING 172.16.16.126 (172.16.16.126) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.16.16.126: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.33 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.16.126: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.165 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.16.126: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.159 ms --- 172.16.16.126 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.159/0.552/1.332/0.551 ms ping 172.16.16.127 PING 172.16.16.127 (172.16.16.127) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.16.16.127: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.33 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.16.127: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.165 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.16.127: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.159 ms --- 172.16.16.127 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.159/0.552/1.332/0.551 ms ping 172.16.16.128 PING 172.16.16.128 (172.16.16.128) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.16.16.128: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.33 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.16.128: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.165 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.16.128: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.159 ms --- 172.16.16.128 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.159/0.552/1.332/0.551 ms
Ga alama duk abin da ke aiki lami lafiya, Tare da waɗannan sabbin IPs ɗin 'zaku iya saita saitunan yanar gizo a cikin Apache, asusun FTP da sauran abubuwa da yawa.
Sanya Addressididdigar Adireshin IP da yawa
Idan kuna son ƙirƙirar kewayon adiresoshin IP da yawa zuwa wani keɓaɓɓiyar kewaya da ake kira "ifcfg-eth0", muna amfani da "ifcfg-eth0-range0" kuma mu kwafa abubuwan da ifcfg-eth0 suka ƙunsa kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ cp -p ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0-range0
Yanzu buɗe "ifcfg-eth0-range0" fayil kuma ƙara "IPADDR_START" da "IPADDR_END" zangon adireshin IP kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.
vi ifcfg-eth0-range0 #DEVICE="eth0" #BOOTPROTO=none #NM_CONTROLLED="yes" #ONBOOT=yes TYPE="Ethernet" IPADDR_START=172.16.16.126 IPADDR_END=172.16.16.130 IPV6INIT=no #GATEWAY=172.16.16.100
Adana shi kuma sake kunnawa/fara sabis na cibiyar sadarwa
/etc/init.d/network restart
Tabbatar cewa an ƙirƙiri musaya mai amfani da IP Adireshin.
ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C inet addr:172.16.16.125 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe28:fd4c/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1385 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1249 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:127317 (124.3 KiB) TX bytes:200787 (196.0 KiB) Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000 eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C inet addr:172.16.16.126 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000 eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C inet addr:172.16.16.127 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000 eth0:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C inet addr:172.16.16.128 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000 eth0:3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C inet addr:172.16.16.129 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000 eth0:4 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C inet addr:172.16.16.130 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
Idan kuna da wata matsala wajen saitawa, da fatan za ku aika tambayoyinku a cikin ɓangaren sharhi.