Irƙiri Adireshin IP da yawa zuwa Tsarin Hanyar Sadarwa Guda ɗaya


Ma'anar ƙirƙirar ko daidaita adiresoshin IP da yawa a kan hanyar sadarwa guda ɗaya ana kiranta da laƙabi IP. Ba da izini na IP yana da matukar amfani don kafa ɗakunan shafuka masu yawa a kan Apache ta amfani da keɓaɓɓiyar hanyar sadarwa guda ɗaya tare da adiresoshin IP daban a kan hanyar sadarwa ɗaya.

Babban fa'idar amfani da wannan laƙabi na IP shine, baku buƙatar samun adaftar jiki haɗe da kowane IP, amma a maimakon haka zaku iya ƙirƙirar maɓallan abubuwa da yawa ko kama-da-wane (sunayen laƙabi) zuwa katin jiki guda ɗaya.

Umurnin da aka bayar anan suna amfani da duk manyan rarraba Linux kamar Red Hat, Fedora, da CentOS. Kirkirar bangarori da yawa da sanya adireshin IP gare shi da hannu babban aiki ne mai ban tsoro. Anan zamu ga yadda zamu sanya adireshin IP zuwa gare shi yana ayyana saiti na kewayon IP. Hakanan ku fahimci yadda zamu ƙirƙirar keɓaɓɓiyar keɓaɓɓu kuma sanya kewayon adireshin IP daban-daban zuwa mahaɗan a gaba ɗaya. A cikin wannan labarin munyi amfani da LAN IP's, don haka maye gurbin waɗanda da waɗanda zaku yi amfani da su.

Ingirƙira Interface Virtual da Sanya adiresoshin IP da yawa

Anan ina da wata hanyar sadarwa da ake kira “ifcfg-eth0“, tsoffin kayan aikin Ethernet Idan ka hada na’urar Ethernet ta biyu, to za a samu na’urar “ifcfg-eth1” da sauransu ga kowane na’urar da ka makala. Waɗannan fayilolin hanyar sadarwar na'urar suna cikin kundin adireshin “/ etc/sysconfig/network-scripts /”. Kewaya zuwa kundin adireshi kuma kayi “ls -l” don lissafa duk na'urori.

# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
# ls -l
ifcfg-eth0   ifdown-isdn    ifup-aliases  ifup-plusb     init.ipv6-global
ifcfg-lo     ifdown-post    ifup-bnep     ifup-post      net.hotplug
ifdown       ifdown-ppp     ifup-eth      ifup-ppp       network-functions
ifdown-bnep  ifdown-routes  ifup-ippp     ifup-routes    network-functions-ipv6
ifdown-eth   ifdown-sit     ifup-ipv6     ifup-sit
ifdown-ippp  ifdown-tunnel  ifup-isdn     ifup-tunnel
ifdown-ipv6  ifup           ifup-plip     ifup-wireless

Bari mu ɗauka cewa muna son ƙirƙirar ƙarin hanyoyin sadarwa guda uku don ɗaure adiresoshin IP guda uku (172.16.16.126, 172.16.16.127, da 172.16.16.128) zuwa NIC. Don haka, muna buƙatar ƙirƙirar ƙarin fayilolin laƙabi uku, yayin da “ifcfg-eth0” ke riƙe da adireshin IP ɗin farko ɗaya. Wannan shine yadda muke ci gaba zuwa saitin sunayen laƙabi uku don ɗaure adiresoshin IP masu zuwa.

Adapter            IP Address                Type
-------------------------------------------------
eth0              172.16.16.125            Primary
eth0:0            172.16.16.126            Alias 1
eth0:1            172.16.16.127            Alias 2
eth0:2            172.16.16.128            Alias 3

Inda “: X” shine lambar (keɓaɓɓiyar) lambar don ƙirƙirar laƙabi don ƙirar eth0. Ga kowane laƙabi dole ne ku sanya lamba bi da bi. Misali, muna kwafin sigogin data kasance na hada-hadar “ifcfg-eth0” a cikin musaya wacce ake kira ifcfg-eth0: 0, ifcfg-eth0: 1 da ifcfg-eth0: 2. Shiga cikin adireshin cibiyar sadarwa kuma ƙirƙirar fayiloli kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.

# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:0
# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:1
# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:2

Bude fayil “ifcfg-eth0” kuma duba abubuwan da ke ciki.

 vi ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE="eth0"
BOOTPROTO=static
ONBOOT=yes
TYPE="Ethernet"
IPADDR=172.16.16.125
NETMASK=255.255.255.224
GATEWAY=172.16.16.100
HWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD:4C

Anan muna buƙatar sigogi biyu kawai (NA'URA da IPADDR). Don haka, buɗe kowane fayil tare da editan VI kuma sake suna sunan NA'URA zuwa sunan laƙabi mai dacewa kuma canza adireshin IPADDR. Misali, bude fayiloli "ifcfg-eth0: 0", "ifcfg-eth0: 1" da "ifcfg-eth0: 2" ta amfani da editan VI kuma canza duka sigogin. A ƙarshe zai yi kama da na ƙasa.

DEVICE="eth0:0"
BOOTPROTO=static
ONBOOT=yes
TYPE="Ethernet"
IPADDR=172.16.16.126
NETMASK=255.255.255.224
GATEWAY=172.16.16.100
HWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
DEVICE="eth0:1"
BOOTPROTO=static
ONBOOT=yes
TYPE="Ethernet"
IPADDR=172.16.16.127
NETMASK=255.255.255.224
GATEWAY=172.16.16.100
HWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
DEVICE="eth0:2"
BOOTPROTO=static
ONBOOT=yes
TYPE="Ethernet"
IPADDR=172.16.16.128
NETMASK=255.255.255.224
GATEWAY=172.16.16.100
HWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD:4C

Da zarar, kun yi duk canje-canje, adana duk canje-canjen ku kuma sake farawa/fara sabis na cibiyar sadarwa don canje-canje suyi tunani.

 /etc/init.d/network restart

Don tabbatar da duk sunayen laƙabi (kama-da-wane dubawa) suna aiki, zaku iya amfani da umarnin “ip”.

 ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
          inet addr:172.16.16.125  Bcast:172.16.16.100  Mask:255.255.255.224
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe28:fd4c/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:237 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:198 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:25429 (24.8 KiB)  TX bytes:26910 (26.2 KiB)
          Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000

eth0:0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
          inet addr:172.16.16.126  Bcast:172.16.16.100  Mask:255.255.255.224
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000

eth0:1    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
          inet addr:172.16.16.127  Bcast:172.16.16.100  Mask:255.255.255.224
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000

eth0:2    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
          inet addr:172.16.16.128  Bcast:172.16.16.100  Mask:255.255.255.224
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000

Ping kowane ɗayansu daga inji daban-daban. Idan komai ya daidaita daidai, zaku sami amsawar ping daga kowane ɗayansu.

ping 172.16.16.126
ping 172.16.16.127
ping 172.16.16.128
 ping 172.16.16.126
PING 172.16.16.126 (172.16.16.126) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.16.16.126: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.33 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.16.126: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.165 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.16.126: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.159 ms

--- 172.16.16.126 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.159/0.552/1.332/0.551 ms

 ping 172.16.16.127
PING 172.16.16.127 (172.16.16.127) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.16.16.127: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.33 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.16.127: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.165 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.16.127: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.159 ms

--- 172.16.16.127 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.159/0.552/1.332/0.551 ms

 ping 172.16.16.128
PING 172.16.16.128 (172.16.16.128) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.16.16.128: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.33 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.16.128: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.165 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.16.128: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.159 ms

--- 172.16.16.128 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.159/0.552/1.332/0.551 ms

Ga alama duk abin da ke aiki lami lafiya, Tare da waɗannan sabbin IPs ɗin 'zaku iya saita saitunan yanar gizo a cikin Apache, asusun FTP da sauran abubuwa da yawa.

Sanya Addressididdigar Adireshin IP da yawa

Idan kuna son ƙirƙirar kewayon adiresoshin IP da yawa zuwa wani keɓaɓɓiyar kewaya da ake kira "ifcfg-eth0", muna amfani da "ifcfg-eth0-range0" kuma mu kwafa abubuwan da ifcfg-eth0 suka ƙunsa kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.

 cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
 cp -p ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0-range0

Yanzu buɗe "ifcfg-eth0-range0" fayil kuma ƙara "IPADDR_START" da "IPADDR_END" zangon adireshin IP kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.

 vi ifcfg-eth0-range0

#DEVICE="eth0"
#BOOTPROTO=none
#NM_CONTROLLED="yes"
#ONBOOT=yes
TYPE="Ethernet"
IPADDR_START=172.16.16.126
IPADDR_END=172.16.16.130
IPV6INIT=no
#GATEWAY=172.16.16.100

Adana shi kuma sake kunnawa/fara sabis na cibiyar sadarwa

 /etc/init.d/network restart

Tabbatar cewa an ƙirƙiri musaya mai amfani da IP Adireshin.

 ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
          inet addr:172.16.16.125  Bcast:172.16.16.100  Mask:255.255.255.224
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe28:fd4c/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1385 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:1249 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:127317 (124.3 KiB)  TX bytes:200787 (196.0 KiB)
          Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000

eth0:0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
          inet addr:172.16.16.126  Bcast:172.16.16.100  Mask:255.255.255.224
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000

eth0:1    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
          inet addr:172.16.16.127  Bcast:172.16.16.100  Mask:255.255.255.224
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000

eth0:2    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
          inet addr:172.16.16.128  Bcast:172.16.16.100  Mask:255.255.255.224
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000

eth0:3    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
          inet addr:172.16.16.129  Bcast:172.16.16.100  Mask:255.255.255.224
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000

eth0:4    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
          inet addr:172.16.16.130  Bcast:172.16.16.100  Mask:255.255.255.224
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000

Idan kuna da wata matsala wajen saitawa, da fatan za ku aika tambayoyinku a cikin ɓangaren sharhi.