Yadda ake Shigar Drupal akan Debian 10


Rubutaccen PHP, Drupal kyauta ne kuma tsarin sarrafa abun ciki na budewa (CMS) wanda ke ba ku damar ƙirƙirar ingantattun blogs ko rukunin yanar gizo. Yana jigila tare da jigogin da aka riga aka girka, widget din, da sauran abubuwan da suke cikin akwatin waɗanda suke taimaka maka farawa da ƙarancin ilimi a cikin yarukan shirye-shiryen yanar gizo. Ya dace da masu amfani waɗanda ke son buga abubuwan da ke ciki tare da amma ba su da ƙwarewar ci gaban yanar gizo.

A cikin wannan labarin, zaku koyi yadda ake girka Drupal akan Debian 10/9.

Kamar kowane CMS, Drupal yana gudana akan ƙarshen gaba kuma ana amfani dashi ta hanyar sabar bayanan bayanai akan bayanan baya. Sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar samun ɗakunan Fitila da aka sanya kafin komai. LAMP ta ƙunshi uwar garken gidan yanar gizo na Apache, MariaDB/MySQL database, da PHP wanda yake yare ne na rubutun sabar-server.

A cikin wannan jagorar, munyi amfani da sifofi masu zuwa:

  • Yanar gizo ta Apache.
  • uwar garken bayanan MariaDB.
  • PHP (Don Drupal 9, PHP 7.3 kuma daga baya ana bada shawarar sigar).

Tare da bukatun da aka cika, bari mu fara!

Mataki 1: Sanya LAMP Stack akan Debian 10

1. Don girka Drupal, dole ne ku sami sabar yanar gizo mai gudana da sabar bayanan bayanai, a cikin wannan labarin zamuyi aiki tare da Apache, PHP, da MariaDB, zaku iya girka su ta amfani da umarnin da ya dace kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ sudo apt install apache2 mariadb-server mariadb-client php libapache2-mod-php php-cli php-fpm php-json php-common php-mysql php-zip php-gd php-intl php-mbstring php-curl php-xml php-pear php-tidy php-soap php-bcmath php-xmlrpc 

2. Na gaba, kuna buƙatar amfani da wasu matakan tsaro na asali akan shigarwar bayanan ta hanyar gudanar da rubutun tsaro mai zuwa wanda ke jigila tare da kunshin MariaDB.

$ sudo mysql_secure_installation

Bayan aiwatar da rubutun, zai jawo muku jerin tambayoyi inda zaku iya amsa ee (y) don ba da damar wasu zaɓuɓɓukan tsaro na asali kamar yadda aka nuna.

  • Shigar da kalmar wucewa ta yanzu don tushe (shigar babu ɗaya): Shigar
  • Kafa kalmar sirri? [Y/n] y
  • Cire masu amfani da ba a sansu ba? [Y/n] y
  • Rashin izinin shiga tushen nesa? [Y/n] y
  • Cire bayanan gwaji da samun damar hakan? [Y/n] y
  • Sake shigar da teburin gata yanzu? [Y/n] y

Mataki 2: Createirƙiri Datpal Database

3. Abu na gaba, zamu fara da kirkirar wani rumbun adana bayanai wanda Drupal zai yi amfani da shi don adana bayanai a lokacin da bayan shigarwa. Da farko, shiga cikin sabar MariaDB.

$ sudo mysql -u root -p

Za ku sami sakon maraba mai zuwa.

4. Da zarar ka shiga cikin harsashin MariaDB, za mu ƙirƙiri wani matattarar bayanai da ake kira drupal_db .

MariaDB [(none)]> create DATABASE drupal_db;

5. Abu na gaba, zamu kirkiro mai amfani da bayanai mai dauke da kalmar sirri mai karfi kuma baiwa mai amfani cikakken damar shiga cikin bayanan Drupal kamar yadda aka nuna.

MariaDB [(none)]> create USER ‘drupal_user’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY “StrongPassword”;
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL ON drupal_db.* TO ‘drupal_user’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY “password”;
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MariaDB [(none)]> EXIT;

Yanzu muna da sabar yanar gizo ta Apache, Drupal database, da duk ƙarin PHP a wurin, zamu ci gaba tare da zazzage fayil ɗin shigar Drupal.

Mataki na 3: Zazzage kuma Shigar Drupal a cikin Debian

6. Zamu sauke fayil din Drupal da aka matse daga wget command.

$ sudo wget https://www.drupal.org/download-latest/tar.gz -O drupal.tar.gz

7. Da zarar an gama zazzage bayanan, sai a ciro shi a cikin kundin adireshinka na yanzu sannan a matsar da babban fayil din drupal wanda ba a matse shi ba zuwa hanyar /var/www/html sai a jera abin da kundin ya kunsa kamar yadda aka nuna:

$ sudo tar -xvf drupal.tar.gz
$ sudo mv drupal-9.0.7 /var/www/html/drupal
$ ls -l /var/www/html/drupal

8. Na gaba, gyara izinin izini don sanya Drupal ga jama'a.

$ sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/drupal/
$ sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/drupal/

Mataki na 4: Createirƙiri Mai karɓar Apache Drupal Virtual Host

9. Don yiwa Drupal hidima a gaba, muna bukatar kirkirar Apache file host host don yiwa shafin Drupal hidima. Amfani da editan da kuka fi so, ƙirƙiri fayil ɗin kamar yadda aka nuna. Anan, muna amfani da editan vim.

$ sudo vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/drupal.conf

Manna abubuwan da aka nuna akan fayil ɗin mai masaukin baki.

<VirtualHost *:80>
     ServerAdmin [email 
     DocumentRoot /var/www/html/drupal/
     ServerName  example.com  
     ServerAlias www.example.com

     ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
     CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

     <Directory /var/www/html/drupal/>;
            Options FollowSymlinks
            AllowOverride All
            Require all granted
     </Directory>

     <Directory /var/www/html/>
            RewriteEngine on
            RewriteBase /
            RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
            RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
            RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA]
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

Lokacin da ka gama, adana canje-canje ka fita fayel.

10. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, shafin Maraba da Apache kawai ana samun damar daga mai bincike. Muna buƙatar canza wannan kuma Apache yayi amfani da rukunin yanar gizon Drupal. Don cimma wannan, muna buƙatar kunna mai karɓar baƙon Drupal. Don haka, aiwatar da waɗannan umarnin:

$ sudo a2ensite drupal.conf
$ sudo a2enmod rewrite

A ƙarshe, don aiwatar da canje-canje, sake farawa da Apache webserver.

$ sudo systemctl restart apache2

11. Idan kana da katangar bangon UFW da ke gudana, bude tashar HTTP kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ sudo ufw allow 80/tcp
$ sudo ufw reload

Mataki na 6: Saita Drupal daga Mai Binciken

12. Wannan shine matakin karshe a girka Drupal kuma yana buƙatar saita shi akan mai bincike. Don haka, yi amfani da wuta ta burauzar da kuka fi so kuma bincika adireshin IP ɗin uwar garkenku kamar yadda aka nuna:

http://www.server-ip/

Mai sakawa zai ɗauke ka ta matakan kafin kammala saitin. A shafin farko, za a bukaci ka zaɓi yaren da ka fi so kamar yadda aka nuna. Zaɓi yaren da kake so ka danna 'Ajiye ka ci gaba'.

13. Akwai bayanan martaba na shigarwa guda 3 wadanda zaku iya amfani dasu domin girka Drupal, Amma saboda sauki, zamu tafi tare da bayanan 'Daidaita'.

14. A mataki na gaba, cika bayanan bayanan Drupal kamar yadda kayyade a sama kuma danna 'Ajiye kuma Ci gaba'.

15. Mai shigar da Drupal zai fara shigar da duk fayiloli da ɗakunan bayanai.

16. Da zarar an gama girke-girke, za a bukaci ka samar da bayanan shafin ka kamar su Sunan Yanar Gizo, adireshin shafin, yankin lokaci, da kuma wurin da za ka ambaci wasu. Tabbatar cika dukkan bayanan.

17. A ƙarshe, zaku sami dashboard na asali don Drupal kamar yadda aka nuna:

Daga nan, zaku iya ci gaba da ƙirƙirar rukunin yanar gizonku ko rukunin yanar gizonku ta amfani da samfuran daban-daban kuma tsara yanayin kallo da jin abin da kuke so. Wannan kenan yau. Muna fatan cewa zaku iya sanya Drupal a cikin kwatankwacin Debian ɗinku.