Umarnin "IP" masu amfani don Sanya hanyoyin sadarwa
A cikin wannan sakon, za mu sake nazarin yadda za mu iya ba da adireshin IP tsaye, Hanyar tsaye, Deofar Tsoho da dai sauransu Sanya Adireshin IP akan buƙata ta amfani da IP umarni. IFCONFIG ya yanke hukunci kuma an maye gurbinsa da IP umarni a cikin Linux. Koyaya, IFCONFIG umarni har yanzu yana aiki kuma akwai don mafi yawan rarraba Linux.
Lura: Da fatan za a ɗauki fayil ɗin sanyi kafin yin canje-canje.
Ta yaya zan Sanya Matsakaicin adireshin IP adireshin Intanet (IPv4)
Don saita tsaye adireshin IP, kuna buƙatar sabuntawa ko gyara fayil ɗin daidaitawar hanyar sadarwa don sanya Adireshin IP tsaye ga tsarin. Dole ne ku kasance mafi girma tare da umarnin su (mai amfani da sauyawa) daga tashar ƙaura ko umarni na sauri.
Buɗe kuma gyara fayil ɗin daidaitawar hanyar sadarwa don (eth0 ko eth1) ta amfani da editan da kuka fi so. Misali, don sanya Adireshin IP zuwa eth0 dubawa kamar haka.
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE="eth0" BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes TYPE="Ethernet" IPADDR=192.168.50.2 NAME="System eth0" HWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD:4C GATEWAY=192.168.50.1
Sanya Tsayayyen Adireshin IP don daidaitawar daidaitawar daidaita fayil ɗin fayil/sauransu/cibiyar sadarwa/musaya don yin canje-canje na dindindin kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.
auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.50.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.50.1
Na gaba, sake farawa sabis na cibiyar sadarwa bayan shigar da duk cikakkun bayanai ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.
# /etc/init.d/networking restart
$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart
1. Yadda Ake Sanya Adireshin IP zuwa Takamaiman Matsakaici
Umurnin mai zuwa anyi amfani dashi don sanya Adireshin IP zuwa takamaiman keɓaɓɓen (eth1) akan tashi.
# ip addr add 192.168.50.5 dev eth1
$ sudo ip addr add 192.168.50.5 dev eth1
Lura: Abin baƙin ciki duk waɗannan saitunan zasu ɓace bayan sake farawa da tsarin.
2. Yadda Ake Duba Adireshin IP
Don samun zurfin bayanin hanyoyin sadarwar ku kamar Adireshin IP, bayanin Adireshin MAC, yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.
# ip addr show
$ sudo ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:28:fd:4c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.50.2/24 brd 192.168.50.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe28:fd4c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:28:fd:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.50.5/24 scope global eth1
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe28:fd56/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever3. Yadda zaka Cire Adireshin IP
Umurnin da ke gaba zai cire adireshin IP ɗin da aka sanya daga ƙirar da aka bayar (eth1).
# ip addr del 192.168.50.5/24 dev eth1
$ sudo ip addr del 192.168.50.5/24 dev eth1
4. Yadda Ake Bunkasa Hanyar Sadarwa
Tutar\"up" mai suna interface (eth1) tana ba da damar sadarwar hanyar sadarwa.
# ip link set eth1 up
$ sudo ip link set eth1 up
5. Yadda Ake Karkatar Da Hanyar Sadarwa
Tutar\"ƙasa" tare da sunan keɓaɓɓen suna (eth1) yana hana haɗin keɓaɓɓiyar hanyar sadarwa.
# ip link set eth1 down
$ sudo ip link set eth1 down
6. Yaya Zan Duba Titin Hanyar?
Rubuta umarni mai zuwa don bincika bayanan tebur na tsarin.
# ip route show
$ sudo ip route show
10.10.20.0/24 via 192.168.50.100 dev eth0 192.168.160.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.160.130 metric 1 192.168.50.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.50.2 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0 scope link metric 1002 default via 192.168.50.1 dev eth0 proto static
7. Ta yaya zan Addara Hanyar tsaye
Me yasa kuke buƙatar ƙara hanyoyin tsaye ko hanyoyin Manual, saboda cewa zirga-zirgar bazai wuce ta tsoffin ƙofa ba. Muna buƙatar ƙara hanyoyin tsaye don wucewar zirga-zirga daga hanya mafi kyau don isa ga makiyaya.
# ip route add 10.10.20.0/24 via 192.168.50.100 dev eth0
$ sudo ip route add 10.10.20.0/24 via 192.168.50.100 dev eth0
8. Yadda Ake Cire Hanyar Tsayayye
Don cire hanyar da aka sanya, kawai rubuta umarnin da ke gaba.
# ip route del 10.10.20.0/24
$ sudo ip route del 10.10.20.0/24
9. Ta yaya zan Kara Tsayayyar Hanyoyi
Duk hanyar da ke sama za a rasa bayan sake farawa da tsarin. Don ƙara madaidaiciyar hanya, shirya fayil/sauransu/sysconfig/rubutun-hanyar sadarwa/hanya-eth0 (Muna adana hanya madaidaiciya don (eth0) kuma ƙara layuka masu zuwa kuma adana da wanzu. Ta hanyar tsoho hanya-eth0 fayil ba zai kasance a wurin ba , bukatar a halicce ku.
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eth0 10.10.20.0/24 via 192.168.50.100 dev eth0
Bude fayil/sauransu/cibiyar sadarwar/musaya kuma a ƙarshen ƙara naci hanyoyin tsaye. Adiresoshin IP na iya bambanta a cikin yanayin ku.
$ sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.50.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.50.100
#########{Static Route}###########
up ip route add 10.10.20.0/24 via 192.168.50.100 dev eth0Na gaba, sake farawa sabis na cibiyar sadarwa bayan shigar da duk cikakkun bayanai ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.
# /etc/init.d/network restart
$ sudo /etc/init.d/network restart
10. Tayaya zan Kara Tsohuwar Hanya
Za'a iya ƙayyade ƙofa ta tsohuwa a duniya ko don cikin takamaiman takamaiman fayil ɗin daidaitawa. Amfani da tsoffin ƙofa shine Idan muna da NIC fiye da ɗaya a cikin tsarin. Zaka iya ƙara tsoffin ƙofa akan tashi kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa umarnin.
# ip route add default via 192.168.50.100
$ sudo ip route add default via 192.168.50.100
Da kyau gyara ni idan na rasa. Da fatan za a koma shafi na hannu da ke yin man ip daga m/umarni da sauri don ƙarin sani game da Dokar IP.