Yadda ake Kula da Ayyukan Mai amfani tare da psacct ko acct Kayan aiki
psacct ko acct dukansu aikace-aikace ne don buɗe ayyukan masu sa ido akan tsarin. Waɗannan aikace-aikacen suna gudana a bango kuma suna lura da kowane aikin masu amfani akan tsarinku da kuma abubuwan da ake cinyewa.
Ni kaina nayi amfani da wannan shirin a cikin kamfaninmu, muna da ƙungiyar haɓakawa inda masu haɓakawa ke ci gaba da aiki akan sabobin. Don haka, wannan ɗayan mafi kyawun shiri ne don sanya musu ido. Wannan shirin yana ba da kyakkyawar hanya don saka idanu kan abin da masu amfani ke yi, waɗanne umarni ne suke harbawa, yawan albarkatun da suke cinyewa, tsawon lokacin da masu amfani ke aiki akan tsarin. Wani babban fasalin wannan shirin shine yana ba da albarkatun da ayyuka ke cinyewa kamar Apache, MySQL, FTP, SSH da sauransu.
Ina tsammanin wannan ɗayan ɗayan girma ne kuma dole ne a buƙaci aikace-aikace ga kowane Linux/Unix System Administrators, waɗanda suke so su ci gaba da bin ayyukan masu amfani akan sabobin/tsarin su.
Kunshin psacct ko acct yana ba da fasali da yawa don ayyukan sa ido.
- ac umarni yana buga ƙididdigar shigarwar mai amfani/fita (haɗa lokacin) a cikin sa'o'i.
- umarnin lastcomm yana buga bayanan umarnin mai amfani da aka zartar a baya.
- ana amfani da umarnin accton don kunna/kashe aiwatar don lissafi.
- sa umarni ya taƙaita bayanan umarnin da aka zartar a baya.
- dokokin karshe da na ƙarshe suna nuna jerin abubuwan da aka shiga a ƙarshe cikin masu amfani.
Shigar da fakitin psacct ko acct
psacct ko acct duka nau'ikan kunshi ne kuma babu banbanci mai yawa a tsakanin su, amma kunshin psacct kawai ana samunsa ne don rpm bisa tsarin rarrabawa kamar RHEL, CentOS da Fedora, yayin da acct kunshin akwai don rarrabawa kamar Ubuntu, Debian da Linux Mint.
Don shigar da kunshin psacct a karkashin rpm bisa rarrabuwa yana ba da umarnin yum mai zuwa.
# yum install psacct
Don shigar da kunshin acct ta amfani da apt-get umarni a ƙarƙashin Ubuntu/Debian/Linux Mint.
$ sudo apt-get install acct OR # apt-get install acct
Ta hanyar tsoho sabis na psacct yana cikin yanayin nakasassu kuma kuna buƙatar fara shi da hannu ƙarƙashin tsarin RHEL/CentOS/Fedora. Yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa don bincika matsayin sabis.
# /etc/init.d/psacct status Process accounting is disabled.
Kuna ganin halin da yake nuna kamar nakasasshe ne, don haka bari mu fara shi da hannu ta amfani da waɗannan umarnin biyu. Waɗannan umarnin biyu zasu ƙirƙiri fayil/var/lissafi/pacct kuma fara sabis.
# chkconfig psacct on # /etc/init.d/psacct start Starting process accounting: [ OK ]
Bayan fara sabis, sake duba halin, zaku sami matsayi kamar yadda aka kunna kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.
# /etc/init.d/psacct status Process accounting is enabled.
A karkashin Ubuntu, sabis na Debian da Mint an fara su ta atomatik, ba kwa buƙatar sake farawa shi.
umarnin ac ba tare da tantance takaddama ba zai nuna jimillar adadin lokacin haɗawa cikin awanni bisa dogaro da shigar mai amfani/fita daga fayil ɗin wtmp na yanzu.
# ac
total 1814.03
Amfani da umarni “ac -d” zai fitar da cikakken lokacin shiga a cikin awoyi da rana-hikima.
# ac -d
Sep 17 total 5.23 Sep 18 total 15.20 Sep 24 total 3.21 Sep 25 total 2.27 Sep 26 total 2.64 Sep 27 total 6.19 Oct 1 total 6.41 Oct 3 total 2.42 Oct 4 total 2.52 Oct 5 total 6.11 Oct 8 total 12.98 Oct 9 total 22.65 Oct 11 total 16.18
Amfani da umarnin “ac -p” zai buga jimlar lokacin shiga na kowane mai amfani a cikin awanni.
# ac -p
root 1645.18
tecmint 168.96
total 1814.14
Don samun cikakken lokacin ƙididdigar lokacin shiga na mai amfani "tecmint" a cikin awanni, yi amfani da umarnin azaman.
# ac tecmint
total 168.96
Umurnin mai zuwa zai buga cikakken lokacin shiga mai amfani “tecmint” cikin awanni.
# ac -d tecmint
Oct 11 total 8.01 Oct 12 total 24.00 Oct 15 total 70.50 Oct 16 total 23.57 Oct 17 total 24.00 Oct 18 total 18.70 Nov 20 total 0.18
Ana amfani da umarnin “sa” don buga taƙaitaccen umarnin da masu amfani suka aiwatar.
# sa
2 9.86re 0.00cp 2466k sshd*
8 1.05re 0.00cp 1064k man
2 10.08re 0.00cp 2562k sshd
12 0.00re 0.00cp 1298k psacct
2 0.00re 0.00cp 1575k troff
14 0.00re 0.00cp 503k ac
10 0.00re 0.00cp 1264k psacct*
10 0.00re 0.00cp 466k consoletype
9 0.00re 0.00cp 509k sa
8 0.02re 0.00cp 769k udisks-helper-a
6 0.00re 0.00cp 1057k touch
6 0.00re 0.00cp 592k gzip
6 0.00re 0.00cp 465k accton
4 1.05re 0.00cp 1264k sh*
4 0.00re 0.00cp 1264k nroff*
2 1.05re 0.00cp 1264k sh
2 1.05re 0.00cp 1120k less
2 0.00re 0.00cp 1346k groff
2 0.00re 0.00cp 1383k grotty
2 0.00re 0.00cp 1053k mktemp
2 0.00re 0.00cp 1030k iconv
2 0.00re 0.00cp 1023k rm
2 0.00re 0.00cp 1020k cat
2 0.00re 0.00cp 1018k locale
2 0.00re 0.00cp 802k gtbl- 9.86re shine “lokacin gaske” kamar yadda yake a kowane minti na agogo bango
- 0.01cp adadin kuɗi ne na tsarin/lokacin amfani a cikin mintuna na cp
- 2466k shine lokacin cpu-matsakaicin matsakaicin amfani, watau raka'a 1k
- sshd sunan umarnin
Don samun bayanan kowane mai amfani, yi amfani da zaɓuɓɓukan -u.
# sa -u
root 0.00 cpu 465k mem accton root 0.00 cpu 1057k mem touch root 0.00 cpu 1298k mem psacct root 0.00 cpu 466k mem consoletype root 0.00 cpu 1264k mem psacct * root 0.00 cpu 1298k mem psacct root 0.00 cpu 466k mem consoletype root 0.00 cpu 1264k mem psacct * root 0.00 cpu 1298k mem psacct root 0.00 cpu 466k mem consoletype root 0.00 cpu 1264k mem psacct * root 0.00 cpu 465k mem accton root 0.00 cpu 1057k mem touch
Wannan umarnin yana buga yawan adadin matakai da mintuna na CPU. Idan kun ga ci gaba da ƙaruwa a cikin waɗannan lambobin, to lokacin sa ne don bincika tsarin game da abin da ke faruwa.
# sa -m
sshd 2 9.86re 0.00cp 2466k root 127 14.29re 0.00cp 909k
Umurnin "sa -c" yana nuna mafi yawan kaso na masu amfani.
# sa -c
132 100.00% 24.16re 100.00% 0.01cp 100.00% 923k
2 1.52% 9.86re 40.83% 0.00cp 53.33% 2466k sshd*
8 6.06% 1.05re 4.34% 0.00cp 20.00% 1064k man
2 1.52% 10.08re 41.73% 0.00cp 13.33% 2562k sshd
12 9.09% 0.00re 0.01% 0.00cp 6.67% 1298k psacct
2 1.52% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 6.67% 1575k troff
18 13.64% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 509k sa
14 10.61% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 503k ac
10 7.58% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 1264k psacct*
10 7.58% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 466k consoletype
8 6.06% 0.02re 0.07% 0.00cp 0.00% 769k udisks-helper-a
6 4.55% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 1057k touch
6 4.55% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 592k gzip
6 4.55% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 465k accton
4 3.03% 1.05re 4.34% 0.00cp 0.00% 1264k sh*
4 3.03% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 1264k nroff*
2 1.52% 1.05re 4.34% 0.00cp 0.00% 1264k sh
2 1.52% 1.05re 4.34% 0.00cp 0.00% 1120k less
2 1.52% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 1346k groff
2 1.52% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 1383k grotty
2 1.52% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 1053k mktempAna amfani da umarnin 'latcomm' don bincika da nuna bayanan mai amfani da aka zartar a baya. Hakanan zaka iya bincika umarnin sunayen masu amfani na mutum. Misali, muna ganin umarnin mai amfani (tecmint).
# lastcomm tecmint
su tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 ls tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 ls tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 ls tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 bash F tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 id tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 grep tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 grep tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 bash F tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 dircolors tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 bash F tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 tput tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 tty tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 bash F tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 id tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 bash F tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 id tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
Tare da taimakon umarnin karshe-tsari zaku iya duba amfanin kowane ɗayan umarni.
# lastcomm ls
ls tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 ls tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 ls tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56