10 Wget (Mai Sauke Fayil na Linux) Misalan Umurni a cikin Linux
A cikin wannan sakon zamu sake yin amfani da wget mai amfani wanda ke dawo da fayiloli daga Gidan yanar gizo na Duniya (WWW) ta amfani da ladabi da aka yi amfani dasu kamar HTTP, HTTPS da FTP. Kayan aikin Wget ana samun su kyauta kuma lasisi yana karkashin lasisin GNU GPL. Wannan mai amfanin zai iya zama shigar da kowane irin Unix-like Operating system gami da Windows da kuma MAC OS. Kayan aiki ne na layin umarni mara ma'amala. Babban fasalin Wget na yana da ƙarfi. An tsara ta ta wannan hanya don ta yi aiki a cikin jinkirin ko haɗin haɗin cibiyar sadarwa. Wget ta atomatik fara sauke inda aka bar shi idan akwai matsalar hanyar sadarwa. Har ila yau, zazzage fayil recursively. Zai ci gaba da ƙoƙari har sai an dawo da fayil ɗin gaba ɗaya.
Da farko, bincika ko an riga an shigar da wget mai amfani ko a'a cikin akwatin Linux ɗinku, ta amfani da umarni na gaba.
# rpm -qa wget wget-1.12-1.4.el6.i686
Da fatan za a girka ta amfani da umarnin YUM idan har ba a sanya wget ba ko kuma za a iya zazzage kayan binary a http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/.
# yum -y install wget
Zaɓin -y wanda aka yi amfani dashi anan, shine don hana saurin tabbatarwa kafin shigar da kowane kunshin. Don ƙarin misalan umarnin YUM da zaɓuɓɓuka karanta labarin akan Misalan Umurnin 20 YUM don Gudanar da Kunshin Linux.
1. Sauke fayil guda
Umurnin zai zazzage fayil guda ɗaya kuma ya adana a cikin kundin adireshi na yanzu. Hakanan yana nuna ci gaban saukarwa, girma, kwanan wata da lokaci yayin saukarwa.
# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget-1.5.3.tar.gz --2012-10-02 11:28:30-- http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget-1.5.3.tar.gz Resolving ftp.gnu.org... 208.118.235.20, 2001:4830:134:3::b Connecting to ftp.gnu.org|208.118.235.20|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 446966 (436K) [application/x-gzip] Saving to: wget-1.5.3.tar.gz 100%[===================================================================================>] 446,966 60.0K/s in 7.4s 2012-10-02 11:28:38 (58.9 KB/s) - wget-1.5.3.tar.gz
2. Download file da suna daban-daban
Amfani da -O (babban) zaɓi, zazzage fayil tare da sunan fayil daban. Anan mun ba wget.zip sunan fayil kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.
# wget -O wget.zip http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget-1.5.3.tar.gz --2012-10-02 11:55:54-- http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget-1.5.3.tar.gz Resolving ftp.gnu.org... 208.118.235.20, 2001:4830:134:3::b Connecting to ftp.gnu.org|208.118.235.20|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 446966 (436K) [application/x-gzip] Saving to: wget.zip 100%[===================================================================================>] 446,966 60.0K/s in 7.5s 2012-10-02 11:56:02 (58.5 KB/s) - wget.zip
3. Zazzage fayil mai yawa tare da http da ftp yarjejeniya
Anan zamu ga yadda ake saukar da fayiloli da yawa ta amfani da HTTP da FTP yarjejeniya tare da wget command at one.
# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget-1.5.3.tar.gz ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget-1.10.1.tar.gz.sig
--2012-10-02 12:11:16-- http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget-1.5.3.tar.gz
Resolving ftp.gnu.org... 208.118.235.20, 2001:4830:134:3::b
Connecting to ftp.gnu.org|208.118.235.20|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 446966 (436K) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: wget-1.5.3.tar.gz
100%[===================================================================================>] 446,966 56.7K/s in 7.6s
2012-10-02 12:11:29 (57.1 KB/s) - wget-1.5.3.tar.gz
--2012-10-02 12:11:29-- ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget-1.10.1.tar.gz.sig
=> wget-1.10.1.tar.gz.sig
Logging in as anonymous ... Logged in!
==> SYST ... done. ==> PWD ... done.
==> TYPE I ... done. ==> CWD (1) /gnu/wget ... done.
==> SIZE wget-1.10.1.tar.gz.sig ... 65
==> PASV ... done. ==> RETR wget-1.10.1.tar.gz.sig ... done.
Length: 65 (unauthoritative)
100%[===================================================================================>] 65 --.-K/s in 0s
2012-10-02 12:11:33 (2.66 MB/s) - wget-1.10.1.tar.gz.sig
FINISHED --2012-10-02 12:11:33--
Downloaded: 2 files, 437K in 7.6s (57.1 KB/s)
4. Karanta URL’s daga fayil
Kuna iya adana lambar URL a cikin fayil ɗin rubutu kuma zazzage su tare da -i zaɓi. A ƙasa mun ƙirƙiri tmp.txt ƙarƙashin wget directory inda muka sanya jerin URL's don saukewa.
# wget -i /wget/tmp.txt --2012-10-02 12:34:12-- http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget-1.5.3.tar.gz ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget-1.10.1.tar.gz.sig Resolving ftp.gnu.org... 208.118.235.20, 2001:4830:134:3::b Connecting to ftp.gnu.org|208.118.235.20|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 446966 (436K) [application/x-gzip] Saving to: wget-1.10.1.tar.gz.sig 100%[===================================================================================>] 446,966 35.0K/s in 10s 2012-10-02 12:34:23 (42.7 KB/s) - wget-1.10.1.tar.gz.sig --2012-10-02 12:34:23-- http://mirrors.hns.net.in/centos/6.3/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.3-x86_64-LiveDVD.iso Resolving mirrors.hns.net.in... 111.91.91.34, 2401:4800::111:91:91:34 Connecting to mirrors.hns.net.in|111.91.91.34|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 1761607680 (1.6G) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: CentOS-6.3-x86_64-LiveDVD.iso 45%[========================================== ] 1,262,000 51.6K/s eta 8h 17m
5. Sake ci gaba da sauke karatun da ba a kammala ba
Idan aka saukar da babban fayil, yana iya faruwa wani lokaci don dakatar da saukarwa a wannan yanayin zamu iya ci gaba da sauke fayil ɗin iri ɗaya inda aka bar shi tare da zaɓi -c Amma lokacin da kuka fara saukar da fayil ba tare da tantancewa ba - c zaɓi wget zai ƙara .1 tsawo a ƙarshen fayil ɗin, la'akari da matsayin sabon saukarwa. Don haka, kyakkyawan aiki ne don ƙara -c sauya lokacin da kake sauke manyan fayiloli.
# wget -c http://mirrors.hns.net.in/centos/6.3/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.3-x86_64-LiveDVD.iso --2012-10-02 12:46:57-- http://mirrors.hns.net.in/centos/6.3/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.3-x86_64-LiveDVD.iso Resolving mirrors.hns.net.in... 111.91.91.34, 2401:4800::111:91:91:34 Connecting to mirrors.hns.net.in|111.91.91.34|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 206 Partial Content Length: 1761607680 (1.6G), 1758132697 (1.6G) remaining [application/octet-stream] Saving to: CentOS-6.3-x86_64-LiveDVD.iso 51% [================================================= ] 3,877,262 47.0K/s eta 10h 27m ^
6. Zazzage fayil din da aka saka .1 a sunan fayil
Lokacin da ka fara zazzagewa ba tare da -c zabin wget add ba .1 a karshen file din sannan ka fara da sabon download. Idan .1 ya riga ya wanzu .2 ya ƙara a ƙarshen fayil ɗin.
# wget http://mirrors.hns.net.in/centos/6.3/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.3-x86_64-LiveDVD.iso --2012-10-02 12:50:49-- http://mirrors.hns.net.in/centos/6.3/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.3-x86_64-LiveDVD.iso Resolving mirrors.hns.net.in... 111.91.91.34, 2401:4800::111:91:91:34 Connecting to mirrors.hns.net.in|111.91.91.34|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 1761607680 (1.6G) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: CentOS-6.3-x86_64-LiveDVD.iso.1 18% [================== ] 172,436 59.2K/s
Duba fayilolin misali tare da .1 tsawo da aka haɗa a ƙarshen fayil ɗin.
# ls -l CentOS* -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3877262 Oct 2 12:47 CentOS-6.3-x86_64-LiveDVD.iso -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 181004 Oct 2 12:50 CentOS-6.3-x86_64-LiveDVD.iso.1
7. Zazzage fayiloli a bango
Tare da -b zaɓi zaka iya aika saukewa a bayan fage nan da nan bayan fara saukarwa kuma an rubuta rajistan ayyukan a cikin fayil /wget/log.txt.
# wget -b /wget/log.txt ftp://ftp.iinet.net.au/debian/debian-cd/6.0.5/i386/iso-dvd/debian-6.0.5-i386-DVD-1.iso Continuing in background, pid 3550.
8. rictuntata iyakar saurin saukarwa
Tare da Option –limit-rate = 100k, an iyakance saurin saurin saukarwa zuwa 100k kuma za a kirkiri rajistan ayyukan a karkashin /wget/log.txt kamar yadda aka nuna a kasa.
# wget -c --limit-rate=100k /wget/log.txt ftp://ftp.iinet.net.au/debian/debian-cd/6.0.5/i386/iso-dvd/debian-6.0.5-i386-DVD-1.iso
/wget/log.txt: Scheme missing.
--2012-10-02 13:16:21-- ftp://ftp.iinet.net.au/debian/debian-cd/6.0.5/i386/iso-dvd/debian-6.0.5-i386-DVD-1.iso
=> debian-6.0.5-i386-DVD-1.iso
esolving ftp.iinet.net.au... 203.0.178.32
Connecting to ftp.iinet.net.au|203.0.178.32|:21... connected.
Logging in as anonymous ... Logged in!
==> SYST ... done. ==> PWD ... done.
==> TYPE I ... done. ==> CWD (1) /debian/debian-cd/6.0.5/i386/iso-dvd ... done.
==> SIZE debian-6.0.5-i386-DVD-1.iso ... 4691312640
==> PASV ... done. ==> REST 2825236 ... done.
==> RETR debian-6.0.5-i386-DVD-1.iso ... done.
Length: 4688487404 (4.4G), 4685662168 (4.4G) remaining (unauthoritative)
0% [ ] 3,372,160 35.5K/s eta 28h 39m
9. ricuntataccen saukar da FTP da HTTP tare da sunan mai amfani da kalmar wucewa
Tare da Zabuka –http-user = sunan mai amfani, –http-password = password & –ftp-user = sunan mai amfani, –ftp-password = kalmar wucewa, zaka iya zazzage shafuka masu takamaiman HTTP ko FTP kamar yadda aka nuna a kasa.
# wget --http-user=narad --http-password=password http://mirrors.hns.net.in/centos/6.3/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.3-x86_64-LiveDVD.iso
# wget --ftp-user=narad --ftp-password=password ftp://ftp.iinet.net.au/debian/debian-cd/6.0.5/i386/iso-dvd/debian-6.0.5-i386-DVD-1.iso
10. Nemo sigar wget da taimako
Tare da Zaɓuɓɓuka - juyawa da-taimako za ka iya duba sigar da taimako yadda ake buƙata.
# wget --version # wget --help
A cikin wannan labarin mun rufe umarnin Linux wget tare da zaɓuɓɓuka don aikin gudanarwa na yau da kullun. Shin mutum yana wget idan kuna son ƙarin sani game da shi. Da kyau raba ta akwatin mu na sharhi ko kuma idan mun rasa komai, bari mu sani.