Kulawa na Ayyukan Linux tare da Dokokin Vmstat da Iostat
Wannan jerin jerin umarnin mu ne na ci gaba da lura da aiki a cikin Linux. Vmstat da Iostat duka umarnin suna nan akan duk manyan Unix-like (Linux/Unix/FreeBSD/Solaris) Tsarin Aiki.
Idan vmstat da iostat dokokin basa samuwa akan akwatinku, don Allah shigar da kunshin sysstat. Dokokin vmstat, sar da iostat sune tarin kunshin da aka haɗa a cikin sysstat - kayan aikin sa ido kan tsarin. Iostat yana haifar da rahotanni na CPU & duk ƙididdigar na'urar. Kuna iya zazzagewa da shigar sysstat ta amfani da tarball na tushe daga link sysstat, amma muna bada shawarar girkawa ta hanyar umarnin YUM.
$ sudo yum install sysstat #CentOS and RHEL systems $ sudo dnf install sysstat #Fedora 22+ systems $ sudo apt-get install sysstat #Ubuntu and Debian based systems $ sudo pacman -S sysstat #Arch Linux
- vmstat - Takaitaccen bayanin Memory, Processes, Paging da dai sauransu
- iostat - statisticsididdigar Processungiyar Gudanarwa (CPU) da ƙididdigar shigarwa/fitarwa don na'urori da sassan.
A cikin misalin da ke ƙasa, akwai ginshiƙai shida. Anyi bayanin mahimmin ginshikan a shafin mutum na vmstat a cikin cikakkun bayanai. Mafi mahimmin filayen kyauta ne a ƙarƙashin ƙwaƙwalwa da si, don haka ƙarƙashin swap column.
vmstat -a procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu----- r b swpd free inact active si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 1 0 0 810420 97380 70628 0 0 115 4 89 79 1 6 90 3 0
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- Kyauta - Adadin sararin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya/rago.
- si - Swaped a cikin kowane dakika daga faifai a Kilo Bytes.
- haka - An share kowane dakika zuwa faifai a cikin Kilos Bytes.
Lura: Idan ka kunna vmstat ba tare da sigogi ba zai nuna rahoto mai taƙaitawa tun daga tsarin boot.
Da wannan umarnin, vmstat ke aiwatar da kowane dakika biyu kuma ka tsaya kai tsaye bayan aiwatar da tazara shida.
vmstat 2 6 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu----- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 0 0 810420 22064 101368 0 0 56 3 50 57 0 3 95 2 0 0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 16 35 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 14 35 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 17 38 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 17 35 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 18 36 0 1 100 0 0
umarnin vmstat tare da -t siga yana nuna timestamps tare da kowane layi da aka buga kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.
[[email ~]$ vmstat -t 1 5 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------ ---timestamp--- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 0 0 632028 24992 192244 0 0 70 5 55 78 1 3 95 1 0 2012-09-02 14:57:18 IST 1 0 0 632028 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 171 514 1 5 94 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:19 IST 1 0 0 631904 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 195 600 0 5 95 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:20 IST 0 0 0 631780 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 156 524 0 5 95 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:21 IST 1 0 0 631656 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 189 592 0 5 95 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:22 IST
umarnin vmstat da -s sauya nuni na taƙaitaccen abubuwan ƙididdigar taron da ƙididdigar ƙwaƙwalwa.
[[email ~]$ vmstat -s 1030800 total memory 524656 used memory 277784 active memory 185920 inactive memory 506144 free memory 26864 buffer memory 310104 swap cache 2064376 total swap 0 used swap 2064376 free swap 4539 non-nice user cpu ticks 0 nice user cpu ticks 11569 system cpu ticks 329608 idle cpu ticks 5012 IO-wait cpu ticks 79 IRQ cpu ticks 74 softirq cpu ticks 0 stolen cpu ticks 336038 pages paged in 67945 pages paged out 0 pages swapped in 0 pages swapped out 258526 interrupts 392439 CPU context switches 1346574857 boot time 2309 forksvmstat tare da -d zaɓi nuna duk ƙididdigar diski.
[[email ~]$ vmstat -d disk- ------------reads------------ ------------writes----------- -----IO------ total merged sectors ms total merged sectors ms cur sec ram0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ram15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 loop0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 loop1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 loop2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 loop3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 loop4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 loop5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 loop6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 loop7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sr0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sda 7712 5145 668732 409619 3282 28884 257402 644566 0 126 dm-0 11578 0 659242 1113017 32163 0 257384 8460026 0 126 dm-1 324 0 2592 3845 0 0 0 0 0 2Vmstat yana nuna ƙididdigar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin kilobytes ta tsohuwa, amma kuma zaku iya nuna rahotanni tare da girman ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin megabytes tare da gardama
-S M. Yi la'akari da misali na gaba.vmstat -S M 1 5 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu----- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 95 8 42 55 0 2 96 2 0 0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 12 15 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 32 62 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 15 13 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 34 61 0 1 99 0 0
iostat ba tare da jayayya ba yana nuna ƙididdigar CPU da I/O na dukkan ɓangarorin kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.
iostat Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU) avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.12 0.01 1.54 2.08 0.00 96.24 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 3.59 161.02 13.48 1086002 90882 dm-0 5.76 159.71 13.47 1077154 90864 dm-1 0.05 0.38 0.00 2576 0iostat tare da -c muhawara tana nuna ƙididdigar CPU kawai kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.
iostat -c Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU) avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.12 0.01 1.47 1.98 0.00 96.42iostat tare da -d muhawara yana nuna kawai ƙididdigar I/O na dukkan ɓangarorin kamar yadda aka nuna.
iostat -d Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU) Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 3.35 149.81 12.66 1086002 91746 dm-0 5.37 148.59 12.65 1077154 91728 dm-1 0.04 0.36 0.00 2576 0
Ta hanyar tsoho yana nuna ƙididdigar dukkan ɓangarorin, tare da -p da mahaɗan sunan mahaɗan yana nuna ƙididdigar I/O kawai don takamaiman na'urar kawai kamar yadda aka nuna.
iostat -p sda Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU) avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.11 0.01 1.44 1.92 0.00 96.52 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 3.32 148.52 12.55 1086002 91770 sda1 0.07 0.56 0.00 4120 18 sda2 3.22 147.79 12.55 1080650 91752Tare da -N (Babban Harafi) siga yana nuna ƙididdigar LVM kawai kamar yadda aka nuna.
iostat -N Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU) avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.11 0.01 1.39 1.85 0.00 96.64 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 3.20 142.84 12.16 1086002 92466 vg_tecmint-lv_root 5.13 141.68 12.16 1077154 92448 vg_tecmint-lv_swap 0.04 0.34 0.00 2576 0Tare da -V (Babban Harafin) sigar nuna sigar iostat kamar yadda aka nuna.
iostat -V sysstat version 9.0.4 (C) Sebastien Godard (sysstat orange.fr)
Lura: vmstat da iostat sun ƙunshi adadin ginshiƙai da tutoci waɗanda ƙila ba zai yiwu a yi bayani dalla-dalla ba. Idan kana son karin bayani game da shi zaka iya komawa shafin mutum na vmstat da iostat. Da fatan za a raba shi idan kun ga wannan labarin yana da amfani ta hanyar akwatin mu na sharhi da ke ƙasa.