10 lsof Misalan Dokoki a cikin Linux
Wannan shine jerin abubuwan mu na yau da kullun na umarnin Linux kuma a cikin wannan labarin zamuyi bitar umarnin lsof tare da misalai masu amfani. lsof ma'ana 'LiSt Open Files' ana amfani dashi don gano waɗanne fayiloli aka buɗe ta wane tsari. Kamar yadda dukkanmu muka sani Linux/Unix yana ɗaukar komai azaman fayiloli (bututu, kwasfa, kundin adireshi, na'urori da sauransu). Aya daga cikin dalilin amfani da umarnin lsof shine lokacin da ba za a iya cire faifai ba kamar yadda ya ce ana amfani da fayiloli. Tare da taimakon wannan umarnin zamu iya gano fayilolin da suke cikin aiki a sauƙaƙe.
A cikin misalin da ke ƙasa, zai nuna dogon jerin fayilolin buɗe wasu daga cikinsu an cire su don ƙarin fahimta wanda ke nuna ginshiƙai kamar Command, PID, USER, FD, TYPE da dai sauransu.
# lsof COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME init 1 root cwd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / init 1 root rtd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / init 1 root txt REG 253,0 145180 147164 /sbin/init init 1 root mem REG 253,0 1889704 190149 /lib/libc-2.12.so init 1 root 0u CHR 1,3 0t0 3764 /dev/null init 1 root 1u CHR 1,3 0t0 3764 /dev/null init 1 root 2u CHR 1,3 0t0 3764 /dev/null init 1 root 3r FIFO 0,8 0t0 8449 pipe init 1 root 4w FIFO 0,8 0t0 8449 pipe init 1 root 5r DIR 0,10 0 1 inotify init 1 root 6r DIR 0,10 0 1 inotify init 1 root 7u unix 0xc1513880 0t0 8450 socket
Sassan kuma yana da ƙimomi masu bayanin kansu. Koyaya, zamu sake nazarin ginshikan FD & TYPE sosai.
FD - yana tsaye ne don mai bayanin Fayil kuma yana iya ganin wasu ƙimomin kamar:
- cwd kundin aiki na yanzu
- rtd tushen kundin adireshin
- rubutun shirin txt (lamba da bayanai)
- fayil ɗin da aka zana mem memili
Hakanan a cikin lambobin FD shafi kamar 1u shine ainihin mai bayanin fayil sannan u, r, w na yanayin yadda yake:
- r don samun damar karantawa.
- w don samun damar rubutu.
- u don samun damar karatu da rubutu.
TYPE - na fayiloli kuma yana da ganewa.
- DIR - Littafin Adireshin
- REG - Fayil na yau da kullun
- CHR - Maɓallin fayil na musamman.
- FIFO - Na Farko A Farko Farko
Umurnin da ke ƙasa zai nuna jerin fayilolin da aka buɗe na mai amfani tecmint.
# lsof -u tecmint COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME sshd 1838 tecmint cwd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / sshd 1838 tecmint rtd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / sshd 1838 tecmint txt REG 253,0 532336 188129 /usr/sbin/sshd sshd 1838 tecmint mem REG 253,0 19784 190237 /lib/libdl-2.12.so sshd 1838 tecmint mem REG 253,0 122436 190247 /lib/libselinux.so.1 sshd 1838 tecmint mem REG 253,0 255968 190256 /lib/libgssapi_krb5.so.2.2 sshd 1838 tecmint mem REG 253,0 874580 190255 /lib/libkrb5.so.3.3
Don gano duk aikin gudana na takamaiman tashar jiragen ruwa, kawai amfani da umarni mai zuwa tare da zaɓi -i. Misali na ƙasa zai lissafa duk tsarin tafiyar tashar jiragen ruwa na 22.
# lsof -i TCP:22 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME sshd 1471 root 3u IPv4 12683 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN) sshd 1471 root 4u IPv6 12685 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
A cikin misalin da ke ƙasa yana nuna kawai fayilolin cibiyar sadarwar IPv4 da IPv6 buɗe tare da umarni daban.
# lsof -i 4 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME rpcbind 1203 rpc 6u IPv4 11326 0t0 UDP *:sunrpc rpcbind 1203 rpc 7u IPv4 11330 0t0 UDP *:954 rpcbind 1203 rpc 8u IPv4 11331 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) avahi-dae 1241 avahi 13u IPv4 11579 0t0 UDP *:mdns avahi-dae 1241 avahi 14u IPv4 11580 0t0 UDP *:58600 # lsof -i 6 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME rpcbind 1203 rpc 9u IPv6 11333 0t0 UDP *:sunrpc rpcbind 1203 rpc 10u IPv6 11335 0t0 UDP *:954 rpcbind 1203 rpc 11u IPv6 11336 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 10u IPv6 11858 0t0 UDP *:55800 rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 11u IPv6 11862 0t0 TCP *:56428 (LISTEN) cupsd 1346 root 6u IPv6 12112 0t0 TCP localhost:ipp (LISTEN)
Don lissafa duk ayyukan gudu na bude fayiloli na TCP Port jeri daga 1-1024.
# lsof -i TCP:1-1024 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME rpcbind 1203 rpc 11u IPv6 11336 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) cupsd 1346 root 7u IPv4 12113 0t0 TCP localhost:ipp (LISTEN) sshd 1471 root 4u IPv6 12685 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN) master 1551 root 13u IPv6 12898 0t0 TCP localhost:smtp (LISTEN) sshd 1834 root 3r IPv4 15101 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:ssh->192.168.0.1:conclave-cpp (ESTABLISHED) sshd 1838 tecmint 3u IPv4 15101 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:ssh->192.168.0.1:conclave-cpp (ESTABLISHED) sshd 1871 root 3r IPv4 15842 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:ssh->192.168.0.1:groove (ESTABLISHED) httpd 1918 root 5u IPv6 15991 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN) httpd 1918 root 7u IPv6 15995 0t0 TCP *:https (LISTEN)
Anan, mun cire tushen mai amfani. Kuna iya keɓance wani mai amfani ta amfani da '^' tare da umarni kamar yadda aka nuna a sama.
# lsof -i -u^root COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME rpcbind 1203 rpc 6u IPv4 11326 0t0 UDP *:sunrpc rpcbind 1203 rpc 7u IPv4 11330 0t0 UDP *:954 rpcbind 1203 rpc 8u IPv4 11331 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) rpcbind 1203 rpc 9u IPv6 11333 0t0 UDP *:sunrpc rpcbind 1203 rpc 10u IPv6 11335 0t0 UDP *:954 rpcbind 1203 rpc 11u IPv6 11336 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) avahi-dae 1241 avahi 13u IPv4 11579 0t0 UDP *:mdns avahi-dae 1241 avahi 14u IPv4 11580 0t0 UDP *:58600 rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 5r IPv4 11836 0t0 UDP *:soap-beep rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 8u IPv4 11850 0t0 UDP *:55146 rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 9u IPv4 11854 0t0 TCP *:32981 (LISTEN) rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 10u IPv6 11858 0t0 UDP *:55800 rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 11u IPv6 11862 0t0 TCP *:56428 (LISTEN)
Misali na ƙasa yana nuna mai amfani tecmint yana amfani da umarni kamar kundin ping da/sauransu.
# lsof -i -u tecmint COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME bash 1839 tecmint cwd DIR 253,0 12288 15 /etc ping 2525 tecmint cwd DIR 253,0 12288 15 /etc
Umurnin mai zuwa tare da zaɓi '-i' yana nuna jerin duk haɗin yanar gizo 'SAURARA & Kafa'.
# lsof -i COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME rpcbind 1203 rpc 6u IPv4 11326 0t0 UDP *:sunrpc rpcbind 1203 rpc 7u IPv4 11330 0t0 UDP *:954 rpcbind 1203 rpc 11u IPv6 11336 0t0 TCP *:sunrpc (LISTEN) avahi-dae 1241 avahi 13u IPv4 11579 0t0 UDP *:mdns avahi-dae 1241 avahi 14u IPv4 11580 0t0 UDP *:58600 rpc.statd 1277 rpcuser 11u IPv6 11862 0t0 TCP *:56428 (LISTEN) cupsd 1346 root 6u IPv6 12112 0t0 TCP localhost:ipp (LISTEN) cupsd 1346 root 7u IPv4 12113 0t0 TCP localhost:ipp (LISTEN) sshd 1471 root 3u IPv4 12683 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN) master 1551 root 12u IPv4 12896 0t0 TCP localhost:smtp (LISTEN) master 1551 root 13u IPv6 12898 0t0 TCP localhost:smtp (LISTEN) sshd 1834 root 3r IPv4 15101 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:ssh->192.168.0.1:conclave-cpp (ESTABLISHED) httpd 1918 root 5u IPv6 15991 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN) httpd 1918 root 7u IPv6 15995 0t0 TCP *:https (LISTEN) clock-app 2362 narad 21u IPv4 22591 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:45284->www.gov.com:http (CLOSE_WAIT) chrome 2377 narad 61u IPv4 25862 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:33358->maa03s04-in-f3.1e100.net:http (ESTABLISHED) chrome 2377 narad 80u IPv4 25866 0t0 TCP 192.168.0.2:36405->bom03s01-in-f15.1e100.net:http (ESTABLISHED)
Misali na ƙasa kawai yana nuna wanda PID yake 1 [Oneaya].
# lsof -p 1 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME init 1 root cwd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / init 1 root rtd DIR 253,0 4096 2 / init 1 root txt REG 253,0 145180 147164 /sbin/init init 1 root mem REG 253,0 1889704 190149 /lib/libc-2.12.so init 1 root mem REG 253,0 142472 189970 /lib/ld-2.12.so
Wani lokaci kuna iya kashe duk matakan don takamaiman mai amfani. Commandasan umarnin zai kashe duk matakan mai amfani da tecmint.
# kill -9 `lsof -t -u tecmint`
Lura: Anan, ba zai yuwu a bada misali da duk samammun zaɓuɓɓuka ba, wannan jagorar kawai don nuna yadda za'a iya amfani da umarnin lsof. Kuna iya tura shafin mutum na umarnin lsof don ƙarin sani game da shi. Da fatan za a raba shi idan kun ga wannan labarin yana da amfani ta hanyar akwatin mu na sharhi da ke ƙasa.