Rarraba Linux 10 da Masu amfani dasu

A matsayin tsarin aiki na kyauta da bude-tushen, Linux ya samar da kayan rarrabawa da yawa akan lokaci, yada fuka-fukan sa don yalwace da yawa daga cikin masu amfani. Daga masu amfani da tebur/gida zuwa muhallin ciniki, Linux ta tabbatar da cewa kowane rukuni yana da abin farin ciki.

Wannan jagorar yana ba da haske game da rarraba Linux 10 kuma yana da niyyar ba da haske kan waɗanda masu amfani da niyya suke.

1. Debian

Debian sananne ne don kasancewa uwa ga mashahuri rarraba Linux kamar Deepin, Ubuntu, da Mint waɗanda suka ba da ƙarfin aiki, kwanciyar hankali, da ƙwarewar mai amfani mara misali. Sanarwar bariki ta ƙarshe ita ce Debian 10.5, sabuntawa na Debian 10 wanda ake kiransa da suna Debian Buster.

Lura cewa Debian 10.5 ba ita ce sabon sigar Debian Buster ba kuma sabuntawa ne kawai na Buster tare da sabbin abubuwan sabuntawa da aikace-aikacen software da aka ƙara. Hakanan an haɗa da gyaran tsaro waɗanda ke magance matsalolin tsaro da suka gabata. Idan kana da tsarin Buster dinka, babu bukatar watsar da shi. Kawai aiwatar da tsarin haɓaka ta amfani da mai sarrafa kunshin APT.

Aikin Debian yana samar da kunshin kayan software sama da 59,000 kuma yana tallafawa ɗakunan kwamfutoci da yawa tare da kowane saki wanda ya ƙunshi jerin tsarukan tsarin. Yana ƙoƙari don daidaita daidaito tsakanin ƙarancin fasaha da kwanciyar hankali. Debian tana samar da rassa masu tasowa guda 3: Stable, Testing, and Unstable.

Tsayayyar sigar, kamar yadda sunan yake nunawa daskararre ne, yana da cikakken goyon bayan tsaro amma kash, ba ya aikawa da sabbin kayan aikin software. Koyaya, Yana dacewa don samar da sabobin sabili da kwanciyar hankali da aminci kuma yana sanya yankewa ga masu amfani da tebur masu ra'ayin mazan jiya waɗanda ba sa damuwa da samun sabbin kayan aikin software. Debian Stable shine abin da galibi zaku girka akan tsarinku.

Gwajin Debian fitarwa ce mai birgima kuma tana ba da sabbin nau'ikan software waɗanda har yanzu ba za'a karɓe su cikin kwanciyar hankali ba. Lokaci ne na ci gaba na fitowar Debian mai zuwa. Yawancin lokaci yana cike da batutuwan rashin kwanciyar hankali kuma yana iya sauƙi ya karya. Hakanan, baya samun facin tsarorsa a cikin tsari mai dacewa. Sanarwar Gwajin Debian ta kwanan nan ita ce Bullseye.

Distarfafawar ɓarna shine yanayin ci gaban Debian. Juzu'i ne na gwaji kuma yana aiki azaman cikakken dandamali ga masu haɓaka waɗanda ke bayar da gudummawa sosai ga lambar har sai ta sauya zuwa matakin 'Gwajin'.

Gabaɗaya, miliyoyin masu amfani suna amfani da Debian saboda ɗakunan ajiya na ɗakunan ajiya da kwanciyar hankali da take bayarwa musamman a cikin yanayin samarwa.

Zazzage Hotunan Debian ISO: http://www.debian.org/distrib/.

2. Gentoo

Gentoo distro ne wanda aka gina don ƙwarewar ƙwararru kuma masana waɗanda suke la'akari da waɗanne kunshin da suke aiki da su daga kalmar tafi. Wannan rukuni ya haɗa da masu haɓakawa, tsarin & manajan cibiyar sadarwa. Kamar wannan, bai dace da masu farawa a cikin Linux ba. Gentoo yazo bada shawarar ga waɗanda suke so su sami zurfin fahimta game da abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin aiki na Linux.

Jirgin ruwa na Gentoo tare da tsarin kula da kunshin da aka sani da portage wanda kuma asalinsa zuwa wasu hargitsi ne kamar Calculate Linux wanda ya dogara da Gentoo kuma baya-dace da shi. Yana da tushen Python kuma ya dogara ne akan ra'ayin tarin tashoshin jiragen ruwa. Tattara tashoshin jiragen ruwa sune kayan faci da fikafti wanda aka samar dasu ta hanyar tushen BSD kamar OpenBSD da NetBSD.

Zazzagewa da Shigar da Gentoo: http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/where.xml.

3. Ubuntu

Onirƙira da Canonical, Ubuntu ɗayan ɗayan mashahuran Linux ne waɗanda ke jin daɗinsu a duk faɗin duniya ta hanyar masu farawa, matsakaiciyar masu amfani, da ƙwararru iri ɗaya. An tsara Ubuntu musamman don farawa a cikin Linux ko waɗanda ke sauyawa daga mac da Windows.

Ta hanyar tsoho, Ubuntu suna jigilar kaya tare da yanayin tebur na GNOME tare da aikace-aikacen akwatin yau da kullun kamar Firefox, LibreOffice, da 'yan wasan bidiyo irin su Audacious da Rhythmbox.

Sabuwar sigar ita ce Snapan kunshin Snap, da kuma aikin haɓaka ƙididdiga wanda ke ba da tallafi don nunin ƙuduri.

Ubuntu shine tushen tushen sauran rarraba Linux. Wasu daga cikin rabarwar akan Ubuntu 20.04 sun hada da Lubuntu 20.04 LTS, Kubuntu 20.04, da Linux Mint 20.04 LTS (Ulyana).

Saboda amfaninta da abokantaka da kyawun UI, Ubuntu ya dace da masu amfani da tebur da sababbin shiga waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin narkar da kawunan su akan Linux. Suna iya farawa tare da tsoffin Manhajoji kamar yadda aka faɗa a baya yayin da suke aikin hanya don samun kyakkyawar fahimtar Linux.

Ya cancanci ambata Ubuntu Studio wanda aka tsara don samar da multimedia. Yana niyya ne ga masu kirkirar da suke neman yin sana'a a zane-zane, daukar hoto, sauti, da kuma samar da bidiyo.

Zazzage hoton Ubuntu ISO: https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop.

4. Linux Mint

Linux Mint sanannen sanannen mashahurin Linux ne wanda ke tushen Ubuntu. Ya ƙetare lokaci don samar da ɗayan mafi kyawun ladabi, da kuma rarraba abokantaka masu amfani waɗanda masu amfani da tebur da ƙwararru suke so. Duk da rikice-rikicen da ke tattare da sabon fitowar - Mint 20 - saukad da tallafi ta tsohuwa, Mint ya kasance barga, mai ƙarfi da ficewar Linux.

Don ba da damar ɗaukar hoto, kawai aiwatar da umarni:

$ sudo rm /etc/apt/preferences.d/nosnap.pref
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install snapd

Dangane da Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, ana samun Mint 20 a cikin bugu na tebur 3 - Cinnamon, XFCE da MATE editions. Mint ya ragu da tallafi don nau'ikan 32-bit kuma ana samunsa kawai a cikin 64-bit. Karkashin kaho, Linux Mint 20 ta hau Linux kernel 5.4 tare da sabbin kayan haɓaka kamar ingantaccen tallafi ga AMD Navi 12, Intel Tiger Lake CPU da NVIDIA GPU. Bugu da ƙari, babban UI ya karɓi garambawul tare da gumakan da aka goge, sababbin jigogi, manyan hotunan ƙuduri masu ban mamaki da maɓallin ɗawainiyar aiki.

Sabbin fasali sun hada da Warpinator, wanda shi ne shirin raba fayil wanda yake aiki a cikin LAN da kuma sikeli mai fasali don nunin HiDPI don jin daɗin kayatattun hotuna. Hakanan zaku sami wasu aikace-aikace don amfani na yau da kullun kamar Firefox, LibreOffice, Mai kunna waƙar kiɗa, Timeshift, da Thunderbird.

Idan kana son tebur na Linux mai sauri da tsayayye don aiwatar da ayyukan tebur na yau da kullun, sauraron kiɗa, kallon bidiyo, har ma da wasa, Mint shine tafi-zuwa rarraba. Mint 20 fitarwa ce ta dogon lokaci kuma za ta sami tallafi har zuwa 2025. Muna da labarin yadda za a girka Mint 20 a PC ɗinku.

Zazzage Linux Mint ISO Image - https://linuxmint.com/download.php

5. Red Hat Enterprise Linux

An taƙaita shi kamar RHEL, Red Hat Enterprise Linux wani ɓataccen Linux ne wanda aka tsara don Kayayyaki ko dalilan kasuwanci. Yana ɗayan manyan hanyoyin buɗe-tushen zaɓi zuwa wasu tsarin mallakar kamfani kamar Microsoft. Red Hat galibi babban zaɓi ne don yanayin uwar garken da aka ba shi kwanciyar hankali da alamun tsaro na yau da kullun wanda ke haɓaka cikakken tsaro.

Kuna iya saita shi a saukake akan sabar jiki, muhallin kamala kamar VMware, HyperV, da kuma akan girgije. Red Hat ya yi aiki cikakke a cikin fasahar kwantena saboda OpenShift PaaS (dandamali azaman sabis), kyakkyawan yanayin girgije wanda aka gina a kewayen Kubernetes.

Redhat yana horar da kuma tabbatar da masu gudanar da tsarin ta hanyar kwasa-kwasan kwararru kamar RHCE (Red Hat Certified Engineer).

Inda inganci, tsaro, da kwanciyar hankali sune mahimmancin fifiko RHEL shine ƙirar distro mafi kyau don zaɓar. RHEL ya dogara da biyan kuɗi kuma ana sabunta rajistar kowace shekara. Kuna iya siyan lasisi don tarin samfuran biyan kuɗi kamar Linux Developer Workstation, Linux mai haɓaka ɗakunan ajiya, da Linux don Virtual Datacenters.

A al'adance, Red Hat da dangoginsu kamar CentOS sunyi amfani da DNF azaman mai sarrafa kunshin tsoho. RHEL an rarraba shi ta amfani da manyan wuraren ajiya 2 - AppStream mangaza da BaseOS.

Ma'ajiyar AppStream (Aikace-aikacen Stream) yana ba da duk aikace-aikacen software waɗanda kuke son girkawa akan tsarinku yayin da BaseOS ke samar da aikace-aikace kawai don ainihin aikin tsarin.

Bugu da ƙari, zaku iya shirin Red Hat mai haɓaka shiri.

6. CentOS

Cibiyar ta CentOS ita ce tsarin tafiyar da al'umma kyauta wanda ke da manufar isar da ingantaccen yanayin halittar bude ido. Dangane da RHEL, CentOS cikakkiyar madaidaiciya ce ga Red Hat Enterprise Linux tunda kyauta ce don saukarwa da shigarwa. Yana ba masu amfani kwanciyar hankali da amincin RHEL yayin ba su damar jin daɗin tsaro kyauta da sabunta fasali. CentOS 8 ƙaunatacciya ce tsakanin masu sha'awar Linux waɗanda suke son ɗanɗanar amfanin RHEL.

Sabon salo shine CentOS 8.2 wanda shine na uku na CentOS 8. Ya dogara da App stream da BaseOS wuraren adana kaya da jiragen ruwa tare da sabbin kayan software kamar Python 3.8, GCC 9.1, Maven 3.6, da sauransu.

Zazzage CentOS 8 - https://www.centos.org/centos-linux/.

7. Fedora

Fedora ya ji daɗin suna saboda kasancewa ɗayan maɗaukakiyar ƙazamar ƙaura mai amfani na ɗan wani lokaci yanzu saboda sauƙi da aikace-aikacen da ba a cikin akwatin wanda ke ba wa sababbin damar samun sauƙin farawa.

Yana da tsarin aiki mai ƙarfi da sassauƙa wanda aka keɓance don tebur da kwamfyutocin kwamfyutoci, kwamfyutoci, har ma don tsarin halittu na IoT. Fedora, kamar CentOS, yana dogara ne akan Red Hat kuma a gaskiya ma, yanayi ne na gwaji don Red Hat kafin ya canza zuwa lokacin ciniki. Kamar wannan, yawanci ana amfani dashi don ci gaba da dalilai na ilmantarwa kuma yana zuwa ga masu haɓakawa da ɗalibai.

Fedora ya ɗanyi amfani da mai sarrafa kunshin DNF na ɗan lokaci (kuma har yanzu yana amfani da shi azaman manajan kunshin tsoho) kuma yana ba da sabuwar da mafi kyawu a cikin fakitin software na RPM. Sabuwar Fedora ita ce Fedora 32.

Zazzage Fedora Linux - https://getfedora.org/.

8. Kali Linux

Ci gaba da kiyaye shi ta hanyar tsaro mai ƙyama, Nmap, Metasploit Framework, Maltego, da Aircrack-ng don ambata fewan.

Kali Linux ana nufi don ƙwararrun masanan Cybersecurity da ɗaliban da suke son kutsawa cikin gwajin kutsawa. A zahiri, Kali tana ba da takaddun takaddun masana'antu kamar Kali Linux Certified Professional.

Kali yana amfani da mai sarrafa kunshin APT kuma sabon sigar shine Kali 2020.2 kuma ga jagora akan yadda ake girka Kali 2020.2.

Zazzage Kali Linux - https://www.kali.org/downloads/.

9. Arch Linux

Arch Linux yana da nauyi mai sauƙi kuma mai sassauƙan juzu'in Linux wanda aka tsara don masu amfani da ci gaba ko ƙwararrun masanan Linux waɗanda ke kula da abubuwan da aka girka da ayyukan da ke gudana. Yana ba masu amfani 'yanci na al'ada ko daidaita tsarin, zuwa fifikon su. A taƙaice, Arch yana nufin don masu amfani waɗanda suka san ainihin abubuwan da ke cikin aiki tare da Linux.

Arch saki ne mai birgima wanda ke nuna cewa ana sabunta shi koyaushe zuwa sabuwar sigar kuma duk abin da kuke buƙata shine sabunta abubuwan fakiti akan tashar. Yana amfani da Pacman azaman manajan kunshin tsoho kuma yana amfani da AUR (Arch User Repository) wanda shine al'umma don shigar da fakitin software kuma sabon sigar shine 2020.09.01.

Zazzage Arch Linux - https://www.archlinux.org/download/.

10. OpenSUSE

SUSE Leap wanda saki ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke amfani da masu amfani da tebur da ci gaban masana'antu da kuma dalilan gwaji. Wannan ya sanya ya zama cikakken zaɓi ga masu haɓaka tushen buɗewa da masu kula da Tsarin.

A gefe guda, yana da SUSE Tumbleweed, sakin juzu'i wanda ya tattara sabbin kayyakin software da IDE kuma shine mafi kusa da zaku samu zuwa ga zubar jini. TumbleWeed shine duk wani mai amfani da wutar lantarki ko kayan masarufi ko software don godiya ga samuwar kayan zamani kamar aikace-aikacen ofis, GCC compiler, da kernel.

OpenSUSE ya dogara da mai sarrafa kunshin Yast don gudanar da fakitin software kuma ana ba da shawarar ga masu haɓakawa da masu kula da tsarin.

Zazzage OpenSUSE Linux - https://www.opensuse.org/.

Tabbas, wannan kaɗan ne kawai daga cikin wadatattun abubuwan rarraba Linux a can kuma sam ba cikakken lissafi bane. Akwai sama da 600 Linux distros kuma kusan 500 a cikin ci gaba mai aiki. Koyaya, mun ji buƙatar mayar da hankali ga wasu daga cikin abubuwan da ake amfani dasu da yawa waɗanda wasu suka haifar da wasu dandano na Linux.