Menene Ext2, Ext3 & Ext4 da Yadda ake ƙirƙira da Canza

Na yi amfani da tsohon tsarin na Fedora don gwadawa inda na canza daga ext2 zuwa ext3, ext2 zuwa ext4, da ext3 zuwa ext4 fayilolin fayil cikin nasara.

Ta bin wannan jagorar kowa zai iya canza tsarin fayil ɗinsa da wayo, amma har yanzu, Ina son GARGADI dukkanku kafin yin wannan saboda aikin da ke gaba yana buƙatar ƙwarewar gudanarwa, kuma ka tabbata dole ne ka ɗauki mahimmancin ajiyar fayiloli kafin yin wannan. Idan har wani abu yayi kuskure a kalla zaka iya komawa baya tare da bayanan ajiyarka.

A cikin kwamfuta, tsarin fayil wata hanya ce wacce ake sanyawa fayiloli suna kuma sanya su a hankalce don adanawa, dawo da, da sabunta bayanai kuma ana amfani dasu don sarrafa sarari akan wadatar na'urorin.

Tsarin fayil din ya kasu kashi biyu da ake kira Data mai amfani da kuma Metadata. A cikin wannan labarin, Ina ƙoƙarin bincika yadda ake ƙirƙira da jujjuya tsarin fayil na Linux da manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin Tsarin fayil ɗin Ext2, Ext3, da Ext4.

Kafin matsawa gaba kara karatu, bari in gabatar da takaitaccen bayani game da tsarin fayil din Linux.

Ext2 - Na'urar Fadada Tsarin Fayil

  1. An gabatar da tsarin fayil ɗin ext2 a cikin 1993 kuma Ext2 ya haɓaka ta Remy Card. Shi ne tsarin fayil na farko da aka fara amfani da shi a cikin Linux da yawa kamar RedHat da Debian.
  2. Ya kasance ne don shawo kan iyakancewar tsarin gado na filearin fayil.
  3. Matsakaicin girman fayil shine 16GB - 2TB.
  4. babu sigar aikin jarida.
  5. Ana amfani dashi don matsakaitan kafofin watsa labarai na tushen Flash kamar USB Flash drive, SD Card, da dai sauransu.

Ext3 - Na uku Fadada Tsarin Fayil

  1. An gabatar da tsarin fayil na Ext3 a 2001 kuma an hada shi da Kernel 2.4.15 tare da fasalin aikin jarida, wanda shine inganta aminci da kuma kawar da buƙatar bincika tsarin fayil ɗin bayan rufe mara tsabta.
  2. Girman girman fayil 16GB - 2TB.
  3. Samar da kayan aiki don haɓaka daga Ext2 zuwa fayilolin fayil na Ext3 ba tare da adanawa da dawo da bayanai ba.

Ext4 - Tsarin Fayilolin na Hudu

  1. Ext4, babban mai jiran gado Ext3.
  2. A watan Oktoba 2008, Ext4 a matsayin tabbataccen lamba ya kasance cikin Kernel 2.6.28 wanda ya ƙunshi tsarin fayil na Ext4.
  3. Matsakaicin baya.
  4. Girman girman fayil 16GB zuwa 16TB.
  5. Tsarin fayil ɗin ext4 yana da zaɓi don Kashe fasalin aikin jarida.
    6. sauran

Yaya za a tantance Nau'in Tsarin Fayil?

Don ƙayyade nau'in tsarin fayil ɗin Linux ɗin ku, gudanar da umarni mai zuwa a cikin m azaman tushen mai amfani.

# df -hT | awk '{print $1,$2,$NF}' | grep "^/dev"
/dev/sda3 ext3 /
/dev/sda1 ext3 /boot

Kirkirar Ext2, ko Ext3, ko Ext4 Fayil din Fayil

Da zarar ka ƙirƙiri tsarin fayil ta amfani da umarnin rabu, yi amfani da mke2fs umurnin don ƙirƙirar ɗayan tsarin fayil ɗin kuma ka tabbata ka maye gurbin hdXX da sunan na'urarka.

# mke2fs /dev/hdXX
# mke2fs –j  /dev/hdXX
OR
# mkfs.ext3  /dev/hdXX

-j an yi amfani da shi don yin jarida.

# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/hdXX
OR 
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/hdXX

-t zaɓi don tantance nau'in tsarin fayil.

Ana canza Ext2, ko Ext3, ko Ext4 Fayil din Fayil

Hanya ce mafi kyau koyaushe don buɗe tsarin fayil ɗin don canza su. Ana iya yin juyewa ba tare da cirewa da hawa tsarin fayil ba. Sake maye gurbin hdXX da sunan na'urarku.

Don canza tsarin fayil ɗin ext2 zuwa ext3 wanda ke ba da damar aikin mujallar, yi amfani da umarnin.

# tune2fs -j /dev/hdXX

Don canzawa daga tsohuwar ext2 zuwa sabon tsarin fayil ɗin ext4 tare da sabon aikin jarida. Gudu umarni mai zuwa.

# tune2fs -O dir_index,has_journal,uninit_bg /dev/hdXX

Na gaba, yi cikakken tsarin duba fayil tare da umarnin e2fsck don gyarawa da gyarawa.

# e2fsck -pf /dev/hdXX

-p wani zaɓi ta atomatik yana gyara tsarin fayil.
-f zaɓi yana tilasta duba tsarin fayil koda alama da tsabta.

Don bawa fasalullurar fasali akan tsarin fayilolin ext3 na yanzu, yi amfani da umarnin.

# tune2fs -O extents,uninit_bg,dir_index /dev/hdXX

GARGADI: Ba za ku iya komawa ko hawa baya ba zuwa tsarin fayilolin ext3 da zarar kun kunna umarnin da ke sama.

Bayan gudanar da wannan umarnin dole ne MUyi gudu fsck don gyara wasu tsarukan diski waɗanda tune2fs suka gyaru.

# e2fsck -pf /dev/hdXX

GARGADI: Da fatan za a gwada duk waɗannan dokokin da ke sama akan sabar Linux ɗinku na gwaji.