Yadda ake Shigar da Amfani da Docker akan Ubuntu 20.04


Docker sanannen sanannen dandamali ne na buɗewa don masu haɓakawa da masu kula da tsarin don ginawa, gudana, da raba aikace-aikace tare da kwantena. Ajiye (amfani da kwantena don tura aikace-aikace) yana zama sananne saboda kwantena suna da sassauƙa, nauyi, mai ɗauka, mai sauƙin haɗi, mai iya daidaitawa, kuma mafi aminci.

Wannan labarin shine farkon farawa don farawa don koyon yadda ake girkawa da amfani da Docker akan tsarin Ubuntu 20.04 Linux tare da wasu umarni na asali. Don wannan jagorar, za mu girka Editionab'in Al'umma na Docker (CE).

  • Shigar da sabar Ubuntu 20.04.
  • Mai amfani da dama don gudanar da umarnin sudo.

Shigar da Docker akan Ubuntu 20.04

Don amfani da sabon juzu'i na Docker, za mu girka shi daga ma'ajiyar kamfanin Docker. Don haka, fara da ƙara maɓallin GPG don wurin ajiyar Docker na hukuma a cikin tsarinku, bayan haka ƙara daidaita ma'ajiyar zuwa asalin APT tare da waɗannan dokokin.

$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
$ sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal stable"

Yanzu sabunta ma'aunin kunshin APT don haɗawa da sabbin fakitin Docker zuwa tsarin ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

$ sudo apt update

Na gaba, shigar da kunshin Docker kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ sudo apt install docker-ce

Yayin aikin girkin kunshin Docker, mai saka kunshin ya jawo tsarin (tsarin da manajan sabis) don farawa da kunna aikin docker ta atomatik. Amfani da waɗannan umarnin don tabbatar da cewa sabis ɗin docker yana aiki kuma an kunna shi don farawa ta atomatik a farawa tsarin. Hakanan, bincika matsayinta:

$ sudo systemctl is-active docker
$ sudo systemctl is-enabled docker
$ sudo systemctl status docker

Akwai wasu umarnin systemctl da yawa don sarrafawa da sarrafa sabis na docker wanda ya hada da masu zuwa:

$ sudo systemctl stop docker			#stop the docker service
$ sudo systemctl start docker			#start the docker service
$ sudo systemctl  restart docker		#restart the docker service

Don bincika sigar Docker CE da aka sanya akan tsarinku, gudanar da wannan umarni:

$ docker version

Kuna iya duba samfuran amfani da docker ta hanyar tafiyar da umarnin docker ba tare da wani zaɓi ko jayayya ba:

 
$ docker

Sarrafa Docker azaman mai amfani mara tushe tare da sudo Command

Ta hanyar tsoho, Doem daemon yana ɗaure da soket na UNIX (maimakon tashar TCP) wanda mallakar asalin mai amfani ne. Saboda haka Doem daemon koyaushe yana gudana azaman tushen mai amfani kuma don gudanar da umarnin docker, kuna buƙatar amfani da sudo.

Bayan haka, yayin shigarwar kunshin Docker, an ƙirƙiri rukuni da ake kira docker . Lokacin daemon Docker ya fara, yana ƙirƙirar soket ɗin UNIX wanda membobin ƙungiyar docker zasu iya samun damar (wanda ke ba da dama daidai da mai amfani da tushen)

Don gudanar da umarnin docker ba tare da sudo ba, ƙara dukkan masu amfani da tushe waɗanda yakamata su sami damar shiga tashar, a cikin rukunin docker kamar haka. A cikin wannan misalin, umarnin yana kara wanda aka shigar dashi a halin yanzu a kan mai amfani ($USER) ko sunan mai amfani ga rukunin docker:

$ sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
OR
$ sudo usermod -aG docker username

Don kunna canje-canje zuwa ƙungiyoyi, gudanar da umarni mai zuwa:

$ newgrp docker 
$ groups

Na gaba, tabbatar cewa zaka iya gudanar da umarnin docker ba tare da sudo ba. Umurnin da ke gaba yana zazzage hoton gwaji kuma yana gudanar da shi a cikin akwati. Da zarar kwantena tana aiki, sai ta buga saƙon bayani sannan ta fita. Wannan kuma wata hanya ce ta sake dubawa ko girkinku yana aiki lafiya.

$ docker run hello-world

Aiki tare da Hotunan Docker

Hoton Docker fayel ne samfurin samfuri kawai tare da umarnin don ƙirƙirar akwatin Docker. Kuna iya ƙirƙirar hotunanku na al'ada ko kawai kuna iya amfani da waɗanda wasu suka ƙirƙira kuma aka buga a cikin Docker Hub, babban ɗakin karatu da kuma al'umma don hotunan ganga.

Kuna iya nemo hoto centos a cikin Docker Hub tare da umarni mai zuwa:

$ docker search centos 

Don sauke hoto a cikin gida, yi amfani da umarnin ja. Wannan misalin yana nuna yadda ake saukar da hoto na tsakiya.

$ docker pull centos

Da zarar an gama saukarwa, za a iya jera hotunan da ke kan tsarin yankinku.

$ docker images

Idan baka buƙatar hoto ba, zaka iya cire shi daga tsarinka.

$ docker rmi centos
OR
$ docker rmi centos:latest    #where latest is the tag

Gudura da Gudanar da Kwantena na Docker

Akwatin Docker tsari ne wanda yake gudana na asali akan Linux kuma yana raba kwaya na injin mai masaukin tare da wasu kwantena. Game da hoton Docker, akwati kawai hoto ne mai gudana.

Don fara akwati bisa ga sabon hoton centos , gudanar da umarni mai zuwa inda \"centos" shine sunan hoto na gida kuma\"cat/etc/centos-release" shine umarnin gudu a cikin akwati:

$ docker run centos cat /etc/centos-release

Akwati yana gudanar da tsari mai hankali wanda ya keɓance ta yadda yake da nasa: tsarin fayil, sadarwar, da keɓaɓɓen tsari daban da mai masaukin. Lura cewa zaka iya sarrafa akwati ta amfani da ID ɗin akwatin, ID-prefix, ko suna kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa. Tsarin akwatin da ke sama ya fita bayan umarnin ya gudana.

Don lissafin kwantena na Docker, yi amfani da docker ps umarni kamar haka. Yi amfani da tuta -l don nuna sabuwar akwatin da aka ƙirƙira a duk jihohin:

$ docker ps
OR
$ docker ps -l

Don nuna duk kwantena ciki har da waɗanda suka fita, yi amfani da tutar -a .

$ docker ps -a

Hakanan zaka iya fara akwati ta amfani da ID ɗin akwatin bayan ya fita. Misali, a cikin umarnin da ya gabata, ID ɗin akwatinmu shine 94c35e616b91. Zamu iya fara akwatin kamar yadda aka nuna (lura cewa zai gudanar da umarnin kuma zai fita):

$ docker start 94c35e616b91

Don dakatar da akwati mai gudana ta amfani da ID, yi amfani da umarnin dakatarwa kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ docker stop 94c35e616b91

Hakanan Docker yana ba ka damar sanya suna a cikin akwati ta amfani da zaɓi - sunan yayin gudanar da shi.

$ docker run --name my_test centos cat /etc/centos-release
$ docker ps -l

Yanzu zaku iya amfani da sunan akwatin don sarrafawa (farawa, tsayawa, stats, cire, da sauransu) akwatin:

$ docker stop my_test
$ docker start my_test
$ docker stats my_test
$ docker rm my_test

Gudanar da Taron Saduwa a cikin akwatin Docker

Don ƙaddamar da zaman harsashi mai ma'amala a cikin akwati don ba ku damar gudanar da umarni a cikin akwati, gudanar da umarnin mai zuwa:

$ docker run --name my_test -it centos

A cikin umarnin da ke sama, maɓallan -it sun gaya wa Docker ya ba da wata ƙirar-TTY da aka haɗa da stdin ɗin akwatin don haka ƙirƙirar harsashi mai ma'amala a cikin akwatin.

Kuna iya fita ta hanyar bayar da umarnin fita kamar yadda aka nuna.

# exit

Idan ka fi so kada ka fita, zaka iya warewa daga akwati ka barshi yana aiki. Don yin hakan, yi amfani da CTRL + p sannan CTRL + q madannin madanni.

Zaku iya haɗuwa da baya zuwa cikin akwatin ta amfani da umarnin haɗawa wanda zai haɗa daidaitaccen shigarwar gida, fitarwa, da koramu na kuskure zuwa akwati mai gudana:

$ docker attach my_test

Bayan wannan, zaku iya fara akwati a cikin keɓaɓɓen yanayi ta amfani da tutar -d . Sannan yi amfani da umarnin haɗe don haɗawa da daidaitaccen shigarwar tashar ka, fitarwa, da koramu na kuskure zuwa akwati mai gudana:

$ docker run --name my_test -d -it centos
$ docker attach my_test

Arshe amma ba mafi ƙaranci ba, zaku iya dakatar da kwantena mai gudana daga zaman mai masauka ta hanyar tafiyar da wannan umarni:

$ docker kill my_test

Shi ke nan! A cikin wannan jagorar, mun rufe yadda ake girka da amfani da Docker CE a cikin Ubuntu 20.04 Linux. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi, yi amfani da fom ɗin da ke ƙasa don tambayar mu.