Sanya Rarraba Linux da yawa Ta Amfani da PXE Network Boot akan RHEL/CentOS 8

PXE Server - Preboot eXecution muhalli daidaitaccen tsarin gine-ginen abokin ciniki ne wanda yake ba da umarni ga tsarin kwastomomi su taya, gudu, ko shigar da tsarin Linux masu yawa ta amfani da hanyar sadarwa mai karfin PXE akan hanyoyin sadarwar ku.

    • Shigar da CentOS 8 Mafi qarancin Server
    • Shigarwa na RHEL 8 Mafi qarancin Server
    • Sanya adireshin IP tsaye a cikin RHEL/CentOS 8

    A cikin wannan labarin, zaku koyi yadda ake girka da saita PXE Network Boot Server akan CentOS/RHEL 8 tare da madubin girke-girke na gida waɗanda aka bayar da CentOS 8 da RHEL 8 ISO Images.

    Don wannan PXE Network Boot da aka kafa, zamu girka waɗannan fakiti akan tsarin:

    • DNSMASQ - mai sauƙin shigar da DNS wanda ke ba da sabis na DNS da DHCP tare da tallafi ga PXE da uwar garken TFTP.
    • Syslinux - Linux boot Loader da ke samar da masu ɗora kaya don tayar da hanyar sadarwa.
    • Server na TFTP - Yarjejeniyar Canja wurin Fayil mai sauƙin sauƙi wacce ke ƙirƙirar hotuna masu ɗorawa da za a iya sauke su ta hanyar sadarwa.
    • Sabbin VSFTPD - amintacciyar hanyar canja wurin fayil wanda zai dauki bakuncin hoton DVD na cikin gida - wanda zai yi aiki a matsayin jami'in RHEL/CentOS 8 madubin girke girke daga inda mai shigarwar zai fitar da abubuwan da yake bukata.

    Mataki 1: Shigar da Sanya DNSMASQ Server

    1. Yana da mahimmanci a tunatar da ku cewa dole ne a saita ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin sadarwar ku tare da adreshin IP tsaye daga wannan hanyar IP ɗin da ke ba da sabis na PXE.

    Da zarar kun saita adireshin IP tsaye, sabunta abubuwan fakitin tsarin ku kuma shigar da DNSMASQ daemon.

    # dnf install dnsmasq

    2. Da zarar an shigar da DNSMASQ, za ka ga tsayayyen fayil dinsa a karkashin /etc/dnsmasq.conf directory, wanda yake bayanin kansa amma ya fi wahalar daidaitawa, saboda bayanan da ya yi bayani sosai.

    Da farko, tabbatar ka ɗauki madadin wannan fayil ɗin idan har kuna buƙatar buƙata don yin bita a gaba sannan, ƙirƙirar sabon fayil ɗin daidaitawa ta amfani da editan da kuka fi so kamar yadda aka nuna.

    # mv /etc/dnsmasq.conf  /etc/dnsmasq.conf.backup
# nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf

    3. Yanzu, kwafa da liƙa waɗannan abubuwan daidaitawa akan fayil /etc/dnsmasq.conf kuma canza sigogin daidaitawa bisa tsarin saitunan ku.

    interface=enp0s3,lo
#bind-interfaces
domain=tecmint
# DHCP range-leases
dhcp-range= enp0s3,192.168.1.3,192.168.1.253,255.255.255.0,1h
# PXE
dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0,pxeserver,192.168.1.2
# Gateway
dhcp-option=3,192.168.1.1
# DNS
dhcp-option=6,92.168.1.1, 8.8.8.8
server=8.8.4.4
# Broadcast Address
dhcp-option=28,10.0.0.255
# NTP Server
dhcp-option=42,0.0.0.0

pxe-prompt="Press F8 for menu.", 60
pxe-service=x86PC, "Install CentOS 8 from network server 192.168.1.2", pxelinux
enable-tftp
tftp-root=/var/lib/tftpboot

    Bayanan sanyi da kuke buƙatar canzawa ana bin su:

    • dubawa - Hanyoyin sadarwar sadarwar uwar garke ya kamata su saurara kuma su ba da sabis.
    • daura-musaya - Rashin cikawa don ɗaura kebul ɗin zuwa katin hanyar sadarwa.
    • yanki - Sauya shi da sunan yankin ku.
    • dhcp-range - Canza shi tare da kewayon IP ɗinku na cibiyar sadarwa.
    • dhcp-boot - Sauya shi tare da hanyar sadarwar yanar gizonku Adireshin IP.
    • dhcp-option = 3,192.168.1.1 - Sauya shi tare da hanyar sadarwar ku ta hanyar sadarwa.
    • dhcp-option = 6,92.168.1.1 - Sauya shi tare da IP Server na IP.
    • uwar garke = 8.8.4.4 - Addara adiresoshin adiresoshin adireshin IP ɗinku na DNS.
    • dhcp-zaɓi = 28,10.0.0.255 - Sauya shi tare da adireshin IP ɗinku na watsa shirye-shiryenku da zaɓi.
    • dhcp-zaɓi = 42,0.0.0.0 -Sara sabobin lokacin sadarwar ku (Adireshin 0.0.0.0 don tunani ne kai).
    • pxe-sauri - Rike shi azaman tsoho.
    • pxe = sabis - Yi amfani da x86PC don gine-ginen 32-bit/64-bit kuma ƙara bayanin menu na hanzari a ƙarƙashin maganganun kirtani.
    • enable-tftp - Yana ba da damar ginanniyar uwar garken TFTP.
    • tftp-root - Addara fayilolin talla na cibiyar sadarwa wuri/var/lib/tftpboot.

    Don wasu zabin ci gaba game da fayilolin sanyi suna da 'yanci karanta littafin dnsmasq.

    Mataki na 2: Shigar da SYSLINUX Bootloaders

    4. Bayan kammala aiwatar da babban tsari na DNSMASQ, shigar da kunshin Syslinx PXE bootloader ta amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

    # dnf install syslinux

    5. Syslinx PXE bootloaders an shigar dasu karkashin /usr/share/syslinux , zaku iya tabbatar dashi ta hanyar tafiyar da umarnin ls kamar yadda aka nuna.

    # ls /usr/share/syslinux

    Mataki na 3: Sanya TFTP-Server kuma yayi kwafa dashi tare da SYSLINUX Bootloaders

    6. Yanzu, girka TFTP-Server kuma kwafa duk Syslinux bootloaders daga /usr/share/syslinux/ zuwa /var/lib/tftpboot kamar yadda aka nuna.

    # dnf install tftp-server
# cp -r /usr/share/syslinux/* /var/lib/tftpboot

    Mataki na 4: Saita Fayil na Kanfigawar Server na PXE

    7. Ta hanyar tsoho, PXE Server yana karanta tsarinsa daga saitin takamaiman fayilolin da aka samo a pxelinux.cfg , wanda dole ne a same su a cikin kundin da aka bayyana a cikin saitin tftp-root daga fayil ɗin sanyi na DNSMASQ da ke sama .

    Na farko, ƙirƙiri shugabanci pxelinux.cfg kuma ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin tsoho ta hanyar bayar da waɗannan umarnin.

    # mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
# touch /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

    8. Yanzu buɗe da shirya PXE tsoho fayil ɗin daidaitawa tare da madaidaitan zaɓuɓɓukan shigarwar Linux. Hakanan, tabbatar da tuna cewa hanyoyin da aka saita a cikin wannan fayil ɗin dole ne suyi dangantaka da /var/lib/tftpboot directory.

    # nano /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

    Mai zuwa misali fayil ɗin tsari ne wanda zaku iya amfani dashi, amma tabbatar da canza hotunan shigarwa, ladabi da IPs don yin tunatar da wuraren shigarwar cibiyar sadarwar ku da wuraren da suka dace.

    default menu.c32
prompt 0
timeout 300
ONTIMEOUT local

menu title ########## PXE Boot Menu ##########

label 1
menu label ^1) Install CentOS 8 x64 with Local Repo
kernel centos8/vmlinuz
append initrd=centos7/initrd.img method=ftp://192.168.1.2/pub devfs=nomount

label 2
menu label ^2) Install CentOS 8 x64 with http://mirror.centos.org Repo
kernel centos8/vmlinuz
append initrd=centos8/initrd.img method=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8/BaseOS/x86_64/os/ devfs=nomount ip=dhcp

label 3
menu label ^3) Install CentOS 8 x64 with Local Repo using VNC
kernel centos8/vmlinuz
append  initrd=centos8/initrd.img method=ftp://192.168.1.2/pub devfs=nomount inst.vnc inst.vncpassword=password

label 4
menu label ^4) Boot from local drive

    A cikin daidaitawar da ke sama, zaku iya lura cewa hotunan hotuna na CentOS 8 (kwaya da initrd) suna zaune a cikin kundin adireshi centos7 dangane da /var/lib/tftpboot (watau /var/lib/tftpboot/centos7 ) kuma ana iya samun damar yin amfani da tsarin FTP akan 192.168.1.2/pub (Adireshin IP na uwar garken PXE).

    Hakanan, lakabin menu 2 yana bayanin asalin shigar shigarwa na CentOS 8 madubin madubi (haɗin intanet dole ne akan tsarin abokin ciniki) kuma lakabin menu 3 ya bayyana cewa shigar da abokin ciniki yakamata ayi ta hanyar VNC mai nisa (anan maye gurbin kalmar VNC tare da kalmar sirri mai ƙarfi).

    Mahimmi: Kamar yadda kuka gani a cikin daidaitawar da ke sama, mun yi amfani da hoton CentOS 8 don dalilai na nunawa, amma kuma zaku iya amfani da hotunan RHEL 8.

    Mataki 5: Centara CentOS 8 Boot Images zuwa PXE Server

    9. Don Centara hotunan CentOS 8 zuwa Server PXE, kana buqatar wget din umarni sannan ka hau shi.

    # wget http://centos.mirrors.estointernet.in/8.2.2004/isos/x86_64/CentOS-8.2.2004-x86_64-dvd1.iso
# mount -o loop CentOS-8.2.2004-x86_64-dvd1.iso /mnt

    10. Da zarar kun sauke CentOS 8, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar adireshin centos7 kuma kwafe kernel da za a iya ɗauka da kuma initrd hotuna.

    # mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/centos8
# cp /mnt/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz /var/lib/tftpboot/centos8
# cp /mnt/images/pxeboot/initrd.img /var/lib/tftpboot/centos8

    Dalilin da ke baya ga samun wannan hanyar shine daga baya zaku iya samun kundayen adireshi daban-daban don kowane sabon rarraba Linux a ƙarƙashin /var/lib/tftpboot ba tare da ɓata tsarin tsarin ba duka.

    Mataki na 6: Createirƙiri Tushen Shigar Madubi na CentOS 8 Local

    11. Akwai ladabi iri-iri (HTTP, HTTPS, ko NFS) waɗanda suke don kafa madubin tushen shigarwa na CentOS 8, amma na zaɓi yarjejeniya ta FTP saboda yana da sauƙin kafawa ta amfani da sabar vsftpd.

    Bari mu shigar da sabar Vsftpd kuma kwafe duk abubuwan da ke cikin DVD na CentOS 8 DVD zuwa FTP directory /var/ftp/pub kamar yadda aka nuna.

    # dnf install vsftpd
# cp -r /mnt/*  /var/ftp/pub/ 
# chmod -R 755 /var/ftp/pub

    12. Yanzu da aka gama dukkan tsare-tsaren sabar PXE, zaka iya farawa, kunna, da kuma tabbatar da matsayin sabobin DNSMASQ da VSFTPD.

    # systemctl start dnsmasq
# systemctl status dnsmasq
# systemctl start vsftpd
# systemctl status vsftpd
# systemctl enable dnsmasq
# systemctl enable vsftpd

    13. Na gaba, kuna buƙatar buɗe tashoshi a kan katangar gidanku don tsarin abokan ciniki ya isa da farawa daga sabar PXE.

    # firewall-cmd --add-service=ftp --permanent  	## Port 21
# firewall-cmd --add-service=dns --permanent  	## Port 53
# firewall-cmd --add-service=dhcp --permanent  	## Port 67
# firewall-cmd --add-port=69/udp --permanent  	## Port for TFTP
# firewall-cmd --add-port=4011/udp --permanent  ## Port for ProxyDHCP
# firewall-cmd --reload  ## Apply rules

    14. Don tabbatar da inda cibiyar sadarwar take ta Shigo da FTP, sai ka bude burauzarka ka rubuta adireshin IP na PXE Server na IP tare da yarjejeniyar FTP tare da hanyar /mashaya wurin sadarwar.

    ftp://192.168.1.2/pub

    Mataki na 7: Sanya Abokan ciniki don Taya daga Hanyar Sadarwa

    15. Yanzu saita tsarin kwastomomi don tayawa da girka CentOS 8 akan tsarin su ta hanyar daidaita Network Boot azaman Firayim na'urar taya daga Menu na BIOS.

    Bayan takalmin tsarin, zaku sami saurin PXE, inda kuna buƙatar latsa maɓallin F8 don shigar da gabatarwar sannan ku buga maɓallin Shigar don ci gaba zuwa menu PXE.

    Wannan duk don saita ƙaramin PXE Server akan CentOS/RHEL 8.