6 Mafi Kyawun Kayan Aikin CLI don Binciken Bayanai-Rubuta Bayanan Amfani da Maganganun yau da kullun


Wannan jagorar yana zagayawa da wasu mafi kyawun kayan aikin layin umarni waɗanda ake amfani dasu don bincika kalmomin da suka dace ko alamu a cikin fayilolin rubutu. Wadannan kayan aikin yawanci ana amfani dasu tare da maganganu na yau da kullun - taqaitaccen azaman REGEX - waxanda sune madauri na musamman don bayanin tsarin bincike.

Ba tare da bata lokaci ba, bari mu shiga ciki.

1. Grep Command

Zuwa a farko shine kayan amfani mai amfani - shine kalmomin kalmomi don Rea'idar Bayyanar da Ra'ayoyin Duniya na yau da kullun, kayan aiki ne na umarni mai ƙarfi wanda ya zo a hannu yayin neman takamaiman zaren ko tsari a cikin fayil.

Jirgin Grep tare da rarraba Linux na zamani ta tsohuwa kuma yana ba ku sassauƙa don dawo da sakamakon bincike daban-daban. Tare da man shafawa, zaku iya yin aiki mai yawa na aiki kamar:

  • Bincika zaren ko tsarin daidaitawa a cikin fayil.
  • Bincika zaren ko tsarin daidaitawa a cikin fayilolin Gzipped.
  • Countidaya adadin wasannin layin.
  • Buga lambobin layin da ke ƙunshe da kirtani ko tsarin.
  • Yi binciken baya (watau Nunin sakamakon layin da bai dace da ka'idojin bincike ba).
  • Yi watsi da ƙwarewar yanayin lokacin bincika kirtani.

Haɗin don yin amfani da umarnin grep mai sauƙi ne:

$ grep pattern FILE

Misali, don bincika layin 'Linux' a cikin fayil, ka ce, hello.txt yayin yin watsi da ƙwarewar yanayin, gudanar da umurnin:

$ grep -i Linux hello.txt

Don samun ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka waɗanda zaku iya amfani dasu tare da man shafawa, kawai karanta labarinmu wanda misalai suka ƙaru da misalai na umarnin grep na gaba.

2. sed Umurni

rubutun magudi a cikin fayil ɗin rubutu. Binciken Sed, tacewa da maye gurbin kirtani a cikin fayil ɗin da aka bayar ta hanyar da ba ma'amala ba.

Ta hanyar tsoho, umarnin sed yana buga fitarwa zuwa STDOUT (Standard Out), yana nuna cewa sakamakon zartarwar da aka buga a tashar maimakon ajiyewa a cikin fayil.

Ana kiran umarnin Sed kamar haka:

$ sed -OPTIONS command [ file to be edited ]

Misali, don maye gurbin dukkan lokuta na 'Unix' da 'Linux', kira da umarnin:

$ sed 's/Unix/Linux' hello.txt

Idan kana son tura turare maimakon buga shi a tashar, yi amfani da alamar juyawa (>) kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ sed 's/Unix/Linux' hello.txt > output.txt

An adana fitowar umarnin zuwa fayil din output.txt maimakon a buga shi akan allon.

Don bincika ƙarin zaɓuɓɓukan da za a iya amfani da su, sake bincika shafukan mutum.

$ man sed

3. Ack Command

Ack kayan aikin layin umarni ne mai sauri kuma mai ɗaukuwa wanda aka rubuta a cikin Perl. Ana ɗaukar Ack a matsayin maye gurbin abokantaka don mai amfani da mai kuma sakamakon sakamako yana cikin kyakkyawar sha'awa.

Umurnin Ack yana bincika fayil ko kundin adireshi don layukan da suka ƙunshi wasa don ma'aunin bincike. Sannan yana haskaka igiyar daidaitawa a cikin layin.
Ack yana da damar rarrabe fayiloli bisa laákari da fayel-fayel ɗin su, kuma zuwa wani matsayi, abubuwan cikin fayilolin.

Ack umarnin aiki:

$ ack [options] PATTERN [FILE...]
$ ack -f [options] [DIRECTORY...]

Misali, don bincika kalmar bincike ta Linux, gudanar:

$ ack Linux hello.txt

Kayan aikin bincike yana da hankali sosai kuma idan ba mai amfani da fayil ko shugabanci, yana bincika kundin adireshi na yanzu da ƙananan hanyoyin neman tsarin bincike.

A cikin misalin da ke ƙasa, ba a ba da fayil ko kundin adireshi ba, amma ack ya gano fayil ɗin da aka samu ta atomatik kuma ya bincika tsarin daidaitawar da aka bayar.

$ ack Linux

Don shigar da ƙwanƙwasa a kan tsarin tafiyar da umarnin:

$ sudo apt install ack-grep    [On Debian/Ubuntu]
$ sudo dnf install ack-grep    [On CentOS/RHEL]

4. Dokar Awk

Awk harshe ne mai cikakken amfani sannan kuma aikin sarrafa rubutu da kayan sarrafa bayanai. Yana bincika fayiloli ko shirye-shiryen da suka ƙunshi tsarin bincike. Lokacin da aka samo kirtani ko tsari, awk yana ɗaukar mataki akan wasa ko layi kuma yana buga sakamakon akan STDOUT.

Tsarin AWK an haɗa shi tsakanin maɗaura masu lanƙwasa yayin da aka keɓe dukkan shirin a cikin maganganu guda.

Bari mu dauki mafi sauki misali. Bari mu ɗauka cewa kuna buga kwanan watan tsarinku kamar yadda aka nuna:

$ date

A ce kana son buga ƙimar farko kawai, wacce ita ce ranar mako. A wannan yanayin, sanya bututun fitarwa cikin awk kamar yadda aka nuna:

$ date | awk '{print $1}'

Don nuna dabi'u masu zuwa, raba su ta amfani da wakafi kamar yadda aka nuna:

$ date | awk '{print $1,$2}'

Umurnin da ke sama zai nuna ranar mako da kwanan wata.

Don samun ƙarin zaɓuɓɓukan da zaku iya amfani dasu tare da awk, kawai karanta jerin umarnin mu na awk.

5. Mai Neman Azurfa

Mai bincike na azurfa shine dandamali na giciye kuma kayan bincike na budewa mai kama da ack amma tare da girmamawa akan saurin. Yana sauƙaƙa a gare ku don bincika takamaiman kirtani tsakanin fayiloli a cikin mafi kankanin lokacin da zai yiwu:

Daidaitawa:

$ ag OPTIONS search_pattern /path/to/file

Misali, don bincika kirtani 'Linux' a cikin fayil hello.txt kira umarni:

$ ag Linux hello.txt

Don ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka, ziyarci shafukan mutum:

$ man ag

6. Ripgrep

Aƙarshe, muna da kayan aikin layin-ripgrep. Ripgrep mai amfani ne na dandamali don bincika tsarin regex. Yana da sauri fiye da duk kayan aikin bincike da aka ambata a baya kuma yana sake bincika kundin adireshi don daidaita alamu. Dangane da sauri da aiki, babu wani kayan aikin da ya fito dabam da Ripgrep.

Ta hanyar tsoho, ripgrep zai tsallake fayilolin binary/ɓoyayyun fayiloli da kundin adireshi. Hakanan, a shawarce ku cewa ta hanyar tsoho ba zai bincika fayilolin da aka yi biris da su ba .gitignore/.ignore/.rgignore fayiloli.

Ripgrep yana ba ku damar bincika takamaiman nau'in fayil. Misali, don iyakance bincikenka zuwa fayilolin Javascript gudu:

$ rg -Tsj

Haɗin don amfani da ripgrep abu ne mai sauƙi:

$ rg [OPTIONS] PATTERN [PATH...]

Misali. Don bincika yanayin layin 'Linux' a cikin fayilolin da ke cikin kundin adireshi na yanzu, gudanar da umarnin:

$ rg Linux

Don shigar da ripgrep akan tsarin ku gudanar da waɗannan umarnin:

$ sudo apt install ripgrep      [On Debian/Ubuntu]
$ sudo pacman -S ripgrep        [On Arch Linux]
$ sudo zypper install ripgrep   [On OpenSuse]
$ sudo dnf install ripgrep      [On CentOS/RHEL/Fedora]

Don ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka, ziyarci shafukan mutum:

$ man rg

Waɗannan su ne mafi yawan kayan aikin layin umarni da aka fi amfani dasu don bincika, tacewa, da sarrafa rubutu a cikin Linux. Idan kuna da wasu kayan aikin da kuke jin an bari, bari ku sanar da mu a cikin ɓangaren sharhi.