Yadda ake Shigar da Nginx Web Server akan Ubuntu 20.04


Nginx sigar buɗewa ce, sabar gidan yanar gizo mai saurin aiwatarwa wacce ke ba da umarni ga babbar kasuwa a cikin yanayin samarwa. Yana da sauƙin sauƙi da ƙarfi mai sabar gidan yanar gizo wanda galibi ana amfani dashi wajen karɓar manyan gidajen yanar gizo.

Karanta Labari: Yadda ake Shigar da Sabar Yanar Gizon Apache akan Ubuntu 20.04

A cikin wannan jagorar, zaku koyi yadda ake girka sabar yanar gizo ta Nginx da kuma daidaita tsarin toshe kayan uwar garken Nginx (rukunin kama-da-wane) a kan Ubuntu 20.04 LTS.

Don farawa, tabbatar cewa kuna da misalin Ubuntu 20.04 LTS tare da damar SSH da mai amfani da Sudo tare da gatan tushen. Kari akan haka, an bada shawarar ingantaccen haɗin intanet don shigar da fakitin Nginx.

Shigar da Nginx akan Ubuntu 20.04

1. Kafin shigar da Nginx, sabunta jerin abubuwan kunshin sabar ka.

$ sudo apt update

2. Sannan shigar da Nginx ta hanyar aiwatar da umurnin:

$ sudo apt install nginx

Lokacin da aka sa ka don ci gaba, danna Y akan madannin kuma buga ENTER. Shigarwa za'a yi shi ne kawai cikin yan sakanni.

3. Tare da nasarar shigar da Nginx, zaka iya farawa da tabbatar dashi ta hanyar gudu:

$ sudo systemctl start nginx
$ sudo systemctl status nginx

Sakamakon da ke sama a fili yana nuna cewa Nginx yana gudana.

4. Don bincika sigar Nginx, gudu:

$ sudo dpkg -l nginx

Sakamakon ya nuna cewa muna tafiyar da Nginx 1.17.10 wanda shine sabon salo a lokacin rubuta wannan labarin.

Bude tashar jiragen ruwa na Nginx akan UFW Firewall

Yanzu da kun shigar da Nginx kuma suna gudana kamar yadda ake tsammani, ana buƙatar fewan gyare-gyare don Nginx ya sami dama ta burauzar yanar gizo. Idan kuna aiki da katangar UFW, kuna buƙatar ba da bayanin aikace-aikacen Nginx.

Akwai bayanan martaba na Nginx guda 3 waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Firewall na ufw.

  1. Nginx Cikakke - Wannan yana buɗe tashar jiragen ruwa 80 & 443 (Don ɓoyayyen SSL/TLS).
  2. Nginx HTTP - Wannan yana buɗe tashar jirgin ruwa 80 kawai (Don zirga-zirgar gidan yanar gizo da ba a ɓoye ba).
  3. Nginx HTTPS - Ana buɗe tashar jiragen ruwa 443 kawai (Don ɓoye SSL/TLS).

5. Farawa ta hanyar kunna bangon waya akan Ubuntu 20.04.

$ sudo ufw enable

6. A yanzu, tunda ba mu cikin sabar ɓoyayyiyar ba, za mu ƙyale bayanin martaba na Hgin na Nginx wanda zai ba da izinin zirga-zirga a tashar 80.

$ sudo ufw allow 'Nginx HTTP'

7. Sannan sake loda katangar don canje-canje su dage.

$ sudo ufw reload

8. Yanzu bincika matsayin Tacewar zaɓi don tabbatar da bayanan martanin da aka ba su izinin.

$ sudo ufw status

Gwada Nginx akan Ubuntu 20.04

Nginx yana gudana a kan burauzar kamar yadda zaku yi tsammani tare da kowane sabar yanar gizo kuma hanya mafi tabbaci don gwadawa idan tana gudana kamar yadda ake tsammani shine aika buƙatu ta hanyar mai bincike.

9. Don haka fita zuwa burauzarka kuma bincika adireshin IP na uwar garke ko sunan yanki. Don bincika IP ɗin uwar garkenku, gudanar da umarnin ifconfig:

$ ifconfig

10. Idan kun kasance a kan sabar girgije, gudanar da umarnin curl da ke ƙasa don dawo da IP ɗin uwar garken na jama'a.

$ curl ifconfig.me

11. A filin URL na burauz dinka, shigar da adireshin IP na uwar garkenka ko sunan yanki sannan ka buga ENTER.

http://server-IP or domain-name

Yakamata ku sami tsoho shafin maraba da Nginx kamar yadda aka nuna.

Sarrafa Tsarin Nginx a cikin Ubuntu 20.04

12. Don dakatar da sabar yanar gizo ta Nginx, kawai gudu:

$ sudo systemctl stop nginx

13. Dawo da gidan yanar gizo sake aiwatarwa:

$ sudo systemctl start nginx

14. Don fara Nginx ta atomatik akan taya ko sake yin gudu:

$ sudo systemctl enable nginx

15. Idan kanaso ka sake kunna yanar gizo musamman bayan kayi canje-canje ga fayilolin sanyi, gudu:

$ sudo systemctl restart nginx

16. A madadin haka, zaku iya sake lodawa dan gujewa faduwar haduwa kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ sudo systemctl reload nginx

Harhadawa Nginx Server Block a cikin Ubuntu 20.04

Idan kuna shirin karɓar bakuna sama da ɗaya a kan sabarku, to saita Nginx Server toshe ya zo sosai. Tododin sabar daidai yake da mai masaukin baki na Apache.

Ta hanyar tsoho, Nginx yana jigilar kaya tare da toshewar sabar sa ta asali wacce aka saita don yiwa abun cikin yanar gizo hidima a hanyar /var/www/html .

Zamu kirkiro wani yanki na Nginx daban don yiwa abubuwan yankin mu aiki. Don wannan jagorar, za mu yi amfani da yankin crazytechgeek.info .
Don shari'arku, tabbatar da cewa kun maye gurbin wannan da sunan yankin ku.

17. Don ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin toshe sabar, Na farko, ƙirƙiri shugabanci don yankinku kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ sudo mkdir -p /var/www/crazytechgeek.info/html

18. Na gaba, sanya ikon mallakar ga sabon kundin adireshin ta amfani da $USER canji.

$ sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/crazytechgeek.info/html

19. Tabbatar da cewa kun sanya izinin izini daidai gwargwadon baiwa mai shi duk izinin (karanta, rubutawa da aiwatarwa) da baiwa wasu ɓangarorin kawai karantawa da aiwatar da izini.

$ sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/crazytechgeek.info

20. A cikin kundin adireshin yankin, ƙirƙirar index.html fayil wanda zai ƙunshi abubuwan yanar gizon yankin.

$ sudo vim /var/www/crazytechgeek.info/html/index.html

Manna abubuwan da ke ƙasa zuwa fayil ɗin gwajin samfurin.

<html>
    <head>
        <title>Welcome to your_domain!</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>Bravo! Your server block is working as expected!</h1>
    </body>
</html>

Adana canje-canje kuma fita daga fayil ɗin.

21. Don Nginx webserver don hidimar abubuwan da kuka ƙara kawai, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar toshe sabar tare da umarnin da suka dace. A wannan yanayin, mun ƙirƙiri sabon toshe sabar a:

$ sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/crazytechgeek.info

Manna sanyi da aka nuna.

server {
        listen 80;
        listen [::]:80;

        root /var/www/crazytechgeek.info/html;
        index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

        server_name crazytechgeek.info  www.crazytechgeek.info;

        location / {
                try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
        }
}

Ajiye ka fita.

22. Yanzu kunna fayil ɗin toshe sabar ta hanyar haɗa shi zuwa kundin adireshin shafuka wanda daga shi ne sabar Nginx ke karantawa lokacin farawa.

$ sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/crazytechgeek.info /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

23. Don canje-canje da za'a aiwatar, sake kunna Nginx webserver.

$ sudo systemctl restart nginx

24. Kawai don tabbatar da cewa duk abubuwan daidaitawa suna cikin tsari, gudanar da umarnin:

$ nginx -t

Idan duk abubuwan daidaitawa suna cikin tsari, yakamata ku sami fitowar da aka nuna a ƙasa:

25. Sabis ɗin yanar gizo na Nginx yakamata yayi aiki da abun cikin yankinku. Har yanzu, fita zuwa burauzarku kuma bincika yankin uwar garkenku.

http://domain-name

Abubuwan da aka saba da su a cikin kundin adireshin yankinku za a yi aiki kamar yadda aka nuna.

Mahimman fayilolin Nginx na Kanfigareshan

Kafin mu kunsa, yana da mahimmanci zamu bincika wasu mahimman fayilolin daidaitawa waɗanda ke hade da Nginx.

  • /etc/nginx/nginx.conf: Wannan shine babban fayil ɗin daidaitawa. Kuna iya gyara saitunan don biyan buƙatun uwar garkenku.
  • /da sauransu/nginx/shafuka-wadata: Wannan ita ce kundin adireshin da ke adana saitin ƙirar sabar. Nginx yana amfani da bulolin sabar ne kawai idan suna da alaƙa da kundin adireshin yanar gizo.
  • /etc/nginx/sites-enabled: Littafin yana kunshe da bulolin sabar Nginx da aka riga aka kunna.

Akwai manyan fayilolin log guda biyu waɗanda zaku iya amfani dasu don magance matsalar sabar yanar gizonku ta Nginx:

  • /var/log/nginx/access.log: Wannan yana rajistar duk buƙatun da aka gabatar ga mai yanar gizo.
  • /var/log/nginx/error.log: Wannan shine fayil ɗin kuskuren kuskure kuma yana rikodin duk kuskuren da Nginx ya ci karo da su.

Mun kai karshen wannan karatun. Mun nuna yadda zaku iya girka Nginx akan Ubuntu 20.04 da kuma yadda zaku iya saita bulolin sabar Nginx don hidiman abubuwan yankinku. Maraba da ra'ayoyinku.