Yadda ake Shigar da Sabar Yanar Gizon Apache akan Ubuntu 20.04
Wannan jagorar zai dauke ku ta hanyar shigar da Apache webserver akan Ubuntu 20.04. Ya haɗa da gudanar da ayyukan Apache2, buɗe tashar yanar gizo a cikin Tacewar zaɓi, gwada shigarwar Apache2, da daidaita yanayin Virtual Host.
Karanta Labari: Yadda ake Shigar da Sabar Yanar Gizo na Nginx akan Ubuntu 20.04
- Yadda ake Shigar da Ubuntu 20.04 Uwargida
Shigar da Apache2 a cikin Ubuntu 20.04
1. Da farko, shiga cikin tsarin Ubuntu 20.04 dinka sannan ka sabunta abubuwan fakitin tsarinka ta amfani da wadannan umarni masu kyau.
$ sudo apt update
2. Da zarar aikin sabuntawa ya cika, shigar da software na sabar yanar gizo ta Apache2 kamar haka.
$ sudo apt install apache2
3. Yayin shigar da kunshin Apache2, mai sakawa yana haifar da tsari don farawa da kunna sabis na apache2 ta atomatik. Kuna iya tabbatar da cewa sabis na apache2 yana aiki/gudana kuma an kunna shi don farawa ta atomatik a farawa tsarin ta amfani da dokokin systemctl masu zuwa.
$ sudo systemctl is-active apache2 $ sudo systemctl is-enabled apache2 $ sudo systemctl status apache2
Gudanar da Apache a cikin Ubuntu 20.04
4. Yanzu da sabar yanar gizan ku ta apache tana gudana, lokaci yayi da za ku koyi wasu umarni na gudanarwa na yau da kullun don gudanar da tsarin apache ta amfani da wadannan tsarin systemctl.
$ sudo systemctl stop apache2 #stop apache2 $ sudo systemctl start apache2 #start apache2 $ sudo systemctl restart apache2 #restart apache2 $ sudo systemctl reload apache2 #reload apache2 $ sudo systemctl disable apache2 #disable apache2 $ sudo systemctl enable apache2 #enable apache2
Saita Apache a cikin Ubuntu 20.04
5. Duk fayilolin sanyi na Apache2 an adana su a cikin adireshin /etc/apache2 , za ka iya duba duk fayiloli da ƙananan hukumomi a ƙarƙashin ta tare da umarnin ls mai zuwa.
$ ls /etc/apache2/*
6. Mai zuwa sune fayilolin daidaitawa da ƙananan kundin adireshi wanda yakamata ku kula dasu:
- /etc/apache2/apache2.conf - Babban fayil ɗin daidaitawa na duniya na Apache, wanda ya haɗa da duk wasu fayilolin daidaitawa.
- /etc/apache2/conf-available - yana adana samfuran da suke akwai.
- /sauransu/apache2/conf-enabled - yana ƙunshe da abubuwan daidaitawa.
- /sauransu/apache2/mods-available - ya ƙunshi wadatattun kayayyaki.
- /sauransu/apache2/mods-enabled - ya ƙunshi sayayyun kayayyaki.
- /sauransu/apache2/shafuka-wadata - ya ƙunshi fayil ɗin daidaitawa don samfuran yanar gizo (masu karɓar baƙi).
- /etc/apache2/sites-enabled - ya ƙunshi fayil ɗin daidaitawa don shafuka da aka kunna (rundunonin kama-da-wane).
Lura cewa idan ba'a saita FQDN na uwar garke a duniya ba, zaku sami gargaɗi mai zuwa duk lokacin da kuka bincika halin sabis na apache2 ko gudanar da gwajin daidaitawa.
apachectl[2996]: AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 10.0.2.15.
Sanya umarnin ServerName a duniya gabaɗaya a cikin babban fayil ɗin daidaitawa na apache don murƙushe wannan saƙon.
7. Don saita FQDN na sabar yanar gizo, yi amfani da ServerName umarnin a cikin /etc/apache2/apache2.conf fayil, buɗe shi don gyara ta amfani da editan rubutun da kuka fi so.
$ sudo vim /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
Sanya layi mai zuwa a cikin fayil din (maye gurbin webserver1.linux-console.net tare da FQDN dinka).
ServerName webserver1.linux-console.net
8. Bayan ƙara sunan sabar a cikin tsarin apache, duba tsarin daidaito na daidaito, kuma sake kunna sabis ɗin.
$ sudo apache2ctl configtest $ sudo systemctl restart apache2
9. Yanzu idan ka bincika halin sabis na apache2, faɗakarwar bazai bayyana ba.
$ sudo systemctl status apache2
Ana buɗe Tashar Jiragen Apache a cikin Firewall na UFW
10. Idan kana da katangar UFW ta kunna kuma tana aiki a kan tsarinka, kana bukatar bude ayyukan HTTP (tashar jirgin ruwa 80) da HTTPS (tashar jiragen ruwa 443) a cikin daidaitawar katangar, don ba da damar zirga-zirgar yanar gizo zuwa uwar garken gidan yanar gizo na Apache2 ta bango.
$ sudo ufw allow http $ sudo ufw allow https $ sudo ufw reload OR $ sudo ufw allow 80/tcp $ sudo ufw allow 443/tcp $ sudo ufw reload
Gwajin Apache akan Ubuntu 20.04
11. Don gwadawa idan shigarwar webserver ta Apache2 tana aiki sosai, buɗe burauzar yanar gizo, kuma yi amfani da adireshin IP ɗin uwar garkenku don kewaya:
http://SERVER_IP
Don gano adireshin IP ɗin jama'a na IP ɗinku, yi amfani da kowane ɗayan umarnin curl.
$ curl ifconfig.co OR $ curl ifconfig.me OR $ curl icanhazip.com
Idan ka ga Apache Ubuntu tsoho shafin yanar gizo maraba, yana nufin shigarwar sabar yanar gizonku tana aiki lafiya.
Kafa Virungiyoyin Masu Gida a Ubuntu 20.04
Kodayake an saita sabar yanar gizo ta Apache2 ta tsoho don karɓar rukunin yanar gizo ɗaya, zaku iya amfani da shi don karɓar rukunin yanar gizo/aikace-aikace da yawa ta amfani da batun\"Virtual Host".
Saboda haka Virtual Host wani lafazi ne wanda yake nuni zuwa ga al'adar gudanar da aikace-aikacen gidan yanar gizo da aikace-aikace sama da daya (kamar misali.com da example1.com) akan sabar guda daya.
Bugu da ƙari, Masu watsa shiri na Virtual na iya zama “tushen suna" (ma'ana kuna da yanki da yawa/masaukin sunaye masu gudana akan adireshin IP ɗaya), ko "tushen IP" (ma'ana kuna da adireshin IP daban don kowane rukunin gidan yanar gizo).
Lura cewa tsoho mai masaukin baki wanda ke yiwa Apache Ubuntu maraba da shafin yanar gizon da aka yi amfani da shi don gwada shigarwar Apache2 yana cikin adireshin /var/www/html .
$ ls /var/www/html/
12. Don wannan jagorar, zamu ƙirƙiri wani mai masaukin baki ga gidan yanar gizo mai suna linuxdesktop.info . Don haka bari mu fara ƙirƙirar tushen daftarin aiki na yanar gizo don rukunin yanar gizon wanda zai adana fayilolin gidan yanar gizon.
$ sudo mkdir -p /var/www/html/linuxdesktop.info
13. Na gaba, saita dacewar mallaka da izini akan ƙirƙirar kundin adireshin.
$ sudo chown www-data:www-data -R /var/www/html/linuxdesktop.info $ sudo chmod 775 -R /var/www/html/linuxdesktop.info
14. Yanzu ƙirƙirar samfurin fihirisin shafi don dalilai na gwaji.
$ sudo vim /var/www/html/linuxdesktop.info/index.html
Kwafa da liƙa lambar html mai zuwa a ciki.
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to linuxdesktop.info!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Congrats! The new linuxdesktop.info virtual host is working fine.</h1>
</body>
</html>
Adana fayil ɗin kuma fita dashi.
15. Na gaba, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin kwastomomi na tsari (wanda yakamata ya ƙare da .conf tsawo) don sabon rukunin yanar gizo a ƙarƙashin adireshin/etc/apache2/shafukan.
$ sudo vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/linuxdesktop.info.conf
Sannan kwafa da liƙa bayanan da ke gaba fayil ɗin (tuna don maye gurbin www.linuxdesktop.info tare da FQDN ɗinku).
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www.linuxdesktop.info
ServerAlias linuxdesktop.info
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/linuxdesktop.info
ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/linuxdesktop.info_error.log
CustomLog /var/log/apache2/linuxdesktop.info_access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
Adana fayil ɗin kuma fita dashi.
16. Na gaba, kunna sabon shafin kuma sake loda tsarin Apache2 don amfani da sababbin canje-canje kamar haka.
$ sudo a2ensite linuxdesktop.info.conf $ sudo systemctl reload apache2
17. A ƙarshe, gwada idan sabon saitin mai masauki yana aiki lafiya. A cikin burauzar gidan yanar gizo, yi amfani da FQDN ɗinku don kewayawa.
http://domain-name
Idan zaku iya ganin shafin alamomin don sabon gidan yanar gizon ku, yana nufin mai masaukin baki yana aiki lafiya.
Shi ke nan! A cikin wannan jagorar, mun nuna yadda ake girka Apache webserver akan Ubuntu 20.04. Mun kuma rufe yadda za a gudanar da ayyukan Apache2, bude ayyukan HTTP da HTTPS/tashoshi/tashar jiragen ruwa a cikin katangar UFW, gwada gwajin shigarwa na Apache2, kuma saita da gwada yanayin Mai watsa shiri na Virtual. Shin kuna da wata tambaya, yi amfani da fom ɗin sharhi da ke ƙasa don isa gare mu.