Jagorar farawa zuwa Snaps a cikin Linux - Sashe na 1


A cikin fewan shekarun da suka gabata, ƙungiyar Linux ta sami albarkatu tare da wasu ci gaba na ƙwarai a fannin sarrafa ƙuntatawa akan tsarin Linux, musamman ma idan ya zo ga duniya ko rarraba kayan kwalliya da rarrabawa. Ofaya daga cikin irin waɗannan ci gaban shine Tsarin kunshin Snap wanda Canonical, masu yin mashahurin Ubuntu Linux suka haɓaka.

Snaps shine rarraba-giciye, mara dogaro, kuma mai sauƙin shigar da aikace-aikacen da aka kunshi tare da duk masu dogaro da su don gudanar da ayyukan manyan Linux. Daga gini guda, ɗauka (aikace-aikace) zai gudana akan duk rarraba Linux da aka tallafawa akan tebur, a cikin girgije, da IoT. Rarrabawar tallafi sun haɗa da Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, Arch Linux, Manjaro, da CentOS/RHEL.

Snaps suna da tsaro - an tsare su kuma an sanya su cikin sando saboda kada su lalata tsarin duka. Suna gudana a ƙarƙashin matakan tsarewa daban-daban (wanda shine matakin keɓewa daga tsarin tushe da juna). Mafi mahimmanci, kowane snap yana da haɗin keɓaɓɓen zaɓaɓɓe ta mahaliccin snap, bisa ga buƙatun ƙirar, don samar da dama ga takamaiman albarkatun tsarin a waje da tsare su kamar samun hanyar sadarwa, samun damar tebur, da ƙari.

Wani mahimmin ra'ayi a cikin yanayin halittar kama-karya shi ne Tashoshi. Tashar tana tantance wane saki ne aka shigar kuma aka bi diddigi don sabuntawa kuma ta ƙunshi kuma an rarraba ta, waƙoƙi, matakan haɗari, da rassa.

Babban abubuwanda aka tsara na tsarin sarrafa kunshin snap sune:

  • snapd - sabis na bango wanda yake sarrafawa da kulawa da hotunanku akan tsarin Linux.
  • karye - duka tsarin kunshin aikace-aikacen da kayan aikin hada-hadar umarni da aka yi amfani da su don shigarwa da cire tarkon da kuma yin wasu abubuwa da yawa a cikin tsarin halittu na karye.
  • snapcraft - tsarin da kuma kayan aiki mai karfi na layin umarni don gina tarkon.
  • shagon snap - wurin da masu haɓaka zasu iya raba hotunan su kuma masu amfani da Linux suna bincika kuma girka su.

Bayan haka, snaps shima suna sabuntawa ta atomatik. Kuna iya saita lokacin da yadda sabuntawa ke faruwa. Ta hanyar tsoho, snapd daemon yana bincika sabuntawa har sau huɗu a rana: kowane sabunta binciken ana kiran shi wartsakewa. Hakanan zaka iya ƙirƙirar shakatawa da hannu.

Yadda ake Shigar Snapd a cikin Linux

Kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama, snapd daemon shine sabis na bango wanda ke kulawa da kula da yanayin ƙwanƙwasawa akan tsarin Linux, ta hanyar aiwatar da manufofin tsare mutane da kuma kula da hanyoyin da ke bawa snaps damar samun takamaiman albarkatun tsarin. Hakanan yana ba da umarnin ɗaukar hoto kuma yana amfani da wasu dalilai masu yawa.

Don shigar da snapd kunshin akan tsarinku, gudanar da umarnin da ya dace don rarraba Linux.

------------ [On Debian and Ubuntu] ------------ 
$ sudo apt update 
$ sudo apt install snapd

------------ [On Fedora Linux] ------------
# dnf install snapd			

------------ [On CentOS and RHEL] ------------
# yum install epel-release 
# yum install snapd		

------------ [On openSUSE - replace openSUSE_Leap_15.0 with the version] ------------
$ sudo zypper addrepo --refresh https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/system:/snappy/openSUSE_Leap_15.0 snappy
$ sudo zypper --gpg-auto-import-keys refresh
$ sudo zypper dup --from snappy
$ sudo zypper install snapd

------------ [On Manjaro Linux] ------------
# pacman -S snapd

------------ [On Arch Linux] ------------
# git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/snapd.git
# cd snapd
# makepkg -si

Bayan girka snapd akan tsarin ka, toka baiwa systemd din wanda yake kula da babbar hanyar sadarwa, ta amfani da systemctl din kamar haka.

A kan Ubuntu da dangoginsa, wannan ya kamata ya haifar ta atomatik ta mai shigarwar kunshin.

$ sudo systemctl enable --now snapd.socket

Lura cewa ba za ku iya gudanar da umarnin karba ba idan snapd.socket ba ya aiki. Gudun waɗannan umarnin don bincika idan yana aiki kuma an kunna shi ta atomatik farawa a tsarin taya.

$ sudo systemctl is-active snapd.socket
$ sudo systemctl status snapd.socket
$ sudo systemctl is-enabled snapd.socket

Na gaba, ba da tallafi na saurin karyewa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar alamomin alama tsakanin/var/lib/snapd/karye da/ƙwanƙwasa kamar haka.

$ sudo ln -s /var/lib/snapd/snap /snap

Don bincika sigar snapd da kayan ƙirar kayan aikin umarnin da aka sanya akan tsarinku, gudanar da umarnin mai zuwa.

$ snap version 

Yadda ake Shigar Snaps a cikin Linux

Umurnin ɗaukar hoto yana ba ka damar girkawa, daidaitawa, wartsakewa da cire hotuna, da kuma yin ma'amala tare da mafi girman ƙarancin halittu.

Kafin shigar da karye, zaka iya bincika ko ya wanzu a cikin shagon snap. Misali, idan aikace-aikacen na cikin rukunin\"sabobin tattaunawa ne" ko "" 'yan wasan yada labarai\", kuna iya gudanar da wadannan umarni don bincika shi, wanda zai nemi shagon don samfuran da ake da su a cikin tashar tsayayyiya.

$ snap find "chat servers"
$ snap find "media players"

Don nuna cikakken bayani game da kamawa, misali, roketchat-server, zaka iya tantance sunan sa ko hanyar sa. Lura cewa ana neman sunaye duka a cikin shagon snap da kuma cikin shigarwar da aka sanya.

$ snap info rocketchat-server

Don shigar da hoto a kan tsarinku, misali, roketchat-server, gudanar da wannan umarni. Idan ba a ba da zaɓuɓɓuka ba, an shigar da hoto mai saurin bin tashar "" barga ", tare da tsare tsaro sosai.

$ sudo snap install rocketchat-server

Kuna iya zaɓar shigarwa daga wata tashar daban: gefen, beta, ko ɗan takara, saboda wani dalili ko ɗaya, ta amfani da --gege , --beta , ko < lambar> - ɗan takara zaɓuɓɓuka bi da bi. Ko amfani da --channel zaɓi kuma saka tashar da kuke son girkawa daga.

$ sudo snap install --edge rocketchat-server        
$ sudo snap install --beta rocketchat-server
$ sudo snap install --candidate rocketchat-server

Sarrafa Snaps a cikin Linux

A wannan ɓangaren, zamu koyi yadda ake sarrafa snaps a cikin tsarin Linux.

Don nuna taƙaitaccen ɓataccen ɓoye da aka sanya a kan tsarinku, yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

$ snap list

Don lissafin bita na yanzu da ake amfani da shi, saka sunansa. Hakanan zaka iya lissafa duk wadatattun bita ta hanyar ƙara zabin - duka .

$ snap list mailspring
OR
$ snap list --all mailspring

Kuna iya sabunta takamaiman karɓa, ko duk ɓoye a cikin tsarin idan babu wanda aka ƙayyade kamar haka. Umurnin shakatawa yana bincika tashar da ake bi ta ƙwanƙwasa kuma tana zazzagewa kuma tana girka wani sabon jujjuya fasalin idan akwai.

$ sudo snap refresh mailspring
OR
$ sudo snap refresh		#update all snaps on the local system

Bayan sabunta ɗaukaka aiki zuwa sabon sigar, zaku iya komawa zuwa sigar da aka yi amfani da ita a baya ta amfani da umarnin koma baya. Lura cewa bayanan da ke hade da software suma za'a dawo dasu.

$ sudo snap revert mailspring

Yanzu lokacin da ka bincika duk sake dubawar asalin asalin, sabon bita ya daina aiki, bita da aka yi amfani da ita a yanzu tana aiki.

$ snap list --all mailspring

Kuna iya dakatar da karyewa idan baku son amfani da shi. Lokacin da aka kashe, ba za a ƙara samun binary da ayyuka ba, duk da haka, duk bayanan za su kasance a wurin.

$ sudo snap disable mailspring

Idan kana buƙatar sake amfani da ƙwanƙwasawa, zaka iya kunna ta baya.

$ sudo snap enable mailspring

Don cire gaba ɗaya daga tsarinka, yi amfani da umarnin cirewa. Ta hanyar tsoho, duk an sake yin bita an cire.

$ sudo snap remove mailspring

Don cire takamaiman bita, yi amfani da --revision zaɓi kamar haka.

$ sudo snap remove  --revision=482 mailspring

Yana da mahimmanci don lura cewa lokacin da ka cire karye, bayanan ta (kamar mai amfani na ciki, tsarin, da bayanan daidaitawa) ana adana ta snapd (sigar 2.39 da mafi girma) azaman hoto, kuma an adana shi akan tsarin tsawon kwanaki 31. Idan kun sake shigar da ƙwanƙwasa a cikin kwanakin 31, za ku iya mayar da bayanan.

Snaps ya zama sananne a cikin al'ummar Linux yayin da suke samar da hanya mai sauƙi don shigar da software akan kowane rarraba Linux. A cikin wannan jagorar, mun nuna yadda ake girka da aiki tare da snaps a cikin Linux. Mun rufe yadda za a girka snapd, sanya hotuna, duba hotuna da aka sanya, sabuntawa da juyawa, da nakasa/kunna da cire snaps

Kuna iya yin tambayoyi ko isa gare mu ta hanyar fom ɗin da ke ƙasa. A cikin sashi na gaba na wannan jagorar, za mu rufe ɗaukar hoto (umarni, laƙabi, sabis, da hotunan hoto) a cikin Linux.