3 Manyan Node.js Manajan Kunshin don Linux

Node.js ɗayan mashahuran yarukan shirye-shirye ne waɗanda ke girgiza masana'antar ci gaban software a duk duniya. Yayin haɓakawa da amfani da aikace-aikacen Node.js, software guda ɗaya wacce masu haɓakawa da masu amfani da gabaɗaya zasu sami dogaro koyaushe shine mai sarrafa kunshin.

Manajan kunshin Node.js yana hulɗa tare da wuraren ajiya na kan layi (waɗanda ke ƙunshe da ɗakunan karatu na Node.js, aikace-aikace, da fakitoci masu alaƙa) kuma yana taimakawa ta hanyoyi da yawa gami da shigarwar kunshin da gudanar da dogaro. Wasu manajojin kunshin suma suna ƙunshe da abubuwan sarrafa aikin.

Misali, idan kuna rubutun aikace-aikacen yanar gizo kuma ku fahimci cewa laburaren waje kyauta wanda ke aiwatar da aikin da aka ba ku a cikin aikace-aikacenku ya riga ya kasance a cikin wurin ajiye jama'a, kuna iya amfani da manajan kunshin don girka shi akan tsarinku a cikin kundin aikace-aikacen kuma haɗawa shi tare da aikace-aikacenku.

Hakanan manajan kunshin ya taimaka don tantance ɗakin karatu a matsayin abin dogaro da aikace-aikacenku, don haka kowane tsarin da aka sanya aikace-aikacen, za a shigar da laburaren ma, don aikace-aikacen ya yi aiki yadda ya kamata.

A cikin wannan labarin, zamu sake nazarin manyan masu sarrafa Node.js waɗanda zaku iya girkawa akan tsarin Linux.

1. NPM - Node.js Manajan Kunshin

npm baya buƙatar gabatarwa a cikin tsarin halittun Node.js. Amma menene npm? npm hade ne da abubuwa da yawa da gaske - shine mai sarrafa kunshin Node, npm Registry, da kuma npm abokin ciniki na layin umarni.

Na farko, npm shine mai kula da dandamali na Node.js wanda aka kirkira don taimakawa masu haɓaka JavaScript don raba lambobin su cikin sauƙin tsari. Don girka da buga fakitoci, masu haɓaka suna amfani da abokin ciniki na layin da ake kira npm, wanda kuma ana amfani dashi don sarrafa sigar da sarrafa dogaro. Yana gudana akan Linux da sauran tsarin UNIX, Windows, da macOS.

Allyari, npm shima amintaccen wurin ajiya ne na kan layi don buga ayyukan buɗe ido Node.js kamar ɗakunan karatu da aikace-aikace. Yana ɗayan shahararrun kuma mafi girman rijistar tushen rijista akan yanar gizo. Kuna iya amfani da shi kyauta, zaɓi wanda zai ba ku damar ƙirƙirar fakitin jama'a, buga ɗaukakawa, bincika abubuwan da kuke dogaro da su, da ƙari.

A madadin haka, zaku iya yin rijista don npm Pro don jin daɗin ƙwarewar haɓakawa mai haɓaka wanda ya zo tare da fa'idodi da yawa kamar ɗakunan ajiya masu zaman kansu. Manyan ƙungiyoyin ci gaba da ke aiki akan mahimman ayyukan kasuwanci na iya zaɓar npm Enterprise wanda ke ba su damar haɓaka kunshin cikin gida wanda ba a raba su a fili.

An rarraba abokin ciniki na layin umarni na npm tare da kunshin Node.js, wannan yana nufin cewa lokacin da kuka girka Node.js akan tsarin Linux ɗinku, kai tsaye za a saka npm ɗin ma. Abin sha'awa, ana amfani da npm don girka duk sauran masu sarrafa kunshin Node.js da aka bayyana a ƙasa.

npm kuma yana tallafawa tsaro na JavaScript, haɗa npm tare da kayan aiki na ɓangare na uku, kamar su tsarin CI/CD (Cigaba da Haɗuwa/Cigaba da Bayarwa), da ƙari.

Don shigar da sabuwar sigar Node.js da NPM akan tsarin Linux, bi umarni akan rarraba Linux ɗinku.

$ curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_14.x | sudo -E bash -
$ sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

# curl -sL https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_14.x | bash -
# yum -y install nodejs
Or
# dnf -y install nodejs

2. Yarn - Node.js Manajan Kunshin

Ba wai kawai Yarn mai sauri bane, amintacce, abin dogaro, kuma mai sarrafa kunshin bude-tushe amma kuma manajan aiki ne don daidaitattun ayyukan da za'a iya sakewa. Yarn yana aiki a ko'ina: akan Linux, Windows da macOS, da sauran tsarin aiki irin na UNIX waɗanda ke tallafawa Node.js.

A matsayinka na mai sarrafa kunshin, yana baka damar raba lambarka ta hanyar kunshin tare da sauran masu ci gaba a duniya. Hakanan, zaku iya amfani da lambar daga wasu masu haɓaka a cikin aikace-aikacenku.

Yarn yana tallafawa wuraren aiki don ƙananan, matsakaici zuwa manyan ayyukan monorepo ta hanyar ba ku damar raba aikin ku zuwa ƙananan abubuwan da aka adana a cikin ma'ajiyar ajiya guda. Wani mahimmin fasalin Yarn shine ɓoyayyen layi wanda yake ba shi damar yin aiki daidai koda lokacin da cibiyar sadarwar ke ƙasa.

Yarn kuma yana jigilar kaya tare da API mai daidaitaccen yanayi wanda za'a iya fadada shi ta hanyar kari. Kuna iya amfani da plugins na hukuma ko rubuta naku. Za'a iya amfani da fulogi don ƙara sabbin fasali, sababbin masu warwarewa, sabbin masu magana, sabbin umarni, rajista zuwa wasu abubuwan, kuma ana iya haɗa su da juna. Bugu da ƙari, yana da API na Plug'n'Play (PnP) wanda zai ba ku damar bincika bishiyar bishiyar lokacin aiki.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, Yarn shima yana rubuce sosai kuma wasu daga cikin sifofin sa har yanzu suna cikin shiryawa kamar ƙuntatawa, sakin aiki da\"zero-install" wanda yafi falsafa fiye da fasali.

Don shigar da sabon sigar Yarn akan tsarin Linux, kuna buƙatar fara shigar da Node.js a kan tsarin, sannan shigar da Yarn ta amfani da waɗancan umarni a kan rarraba Linux ɗinku.

$ curl -sS https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/pubkey.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
$ echo "deb https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/yarn.list
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install yarn

# curl --silent --location https://dl.yarnpkg.com/rpm/yarn.repo | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/yarn.repo
# rpm --import https://dl.yarnpkg.com/rpm/pubkey.gpg
# yum install yarn
OR
# dnf install yarn

3. Pnpm - Manajan Kunshin Node.js

pnpm mai sauri ne, ingantaccen faifai-sarari, kuma manajan kunshin tushen budewa. Yana da dandamali, yana aiki akan Linux, Windows, da macOS. Sabanin npm da zaren da ke kirkirar kundin adireshin node_modules, pnpm yana aiki kaɗan kaɗan: yana ƙirƙirar shimfidar node_modules mara faɗi wanda ke amfani da alamomin alamomin don ƙirƙirar tsarin narko mai dogaro.

Fayilolin da ke cikin node_modules an haɗa su daga ɗakunan ajiya mai iya magance abun ciki. Wannan hanyar tana da inganci don ta baka damar adana gigabytes na sararin faifai.

Hanyar da ba flat node_modules ba kuma tana sanya pnpm tsauri idan yazo ga tsarin dogaro, yana ba da damar kunshin damar samun damar dogaro kawai da aka ayyana a cikin kunshin.json dinsa. Hakanan an gina shi cikin tallafi don wuraren aiki ma'ana zaka iya ƙirƙirar filin aiki don haɗa ayyukan da yawa a cikin ma'ajiyar ajiya guda.

Mahimmanci, ana iya amfani da pnpm cikin sauƙin aikace-aikace na CI daban-daban kamar Travis, Semaphore, AppVeypr, da Sail CI. Kuma zaka iya saita aikin ka yadda sauran masu amfani zasu iya amfani da pnpm kawai amma ba sauran manajojin kunshin Node.js da ke sama ba, misali, lokacin da wani yayi kokarin gudu\"npm install" ko "" yarn install ".

pnpm shima yana goyan bayan laƙabi wanda zai baka damar girka fakiti tare da sunaye na al'ada, kammala layin umarni, kuma yana amfani da fayil ɗin kulle da ake kira pnpm-lock.yaml.

Hanya mafi sauki don girka pnpm ita ce ta amfani da mai sarrafa kunshin npm kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ sudo npm install -g pnpm

# npm install -g pnpm

A cikin wannan labarin, mun sake nazarin manyan manajan kunshin Node.js waɗanda zaku iya girkawa a cikin Linux. Muna so mu san tunaninku game da wannan labarin, raba su tare da mu ta hanyar fom ɗin da ke ƙasa.