Abubuwa 25 da za'ayi Bayan girka Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)

A ƙarshe Canonical ya ba da sanarwar samuwar Ubuntu 20.04 , sabon fitowar ta zo tare da fakitoci da shirye-shirye da yawa waɗanda ke da kyau sosai ga mutanen da ke neman sabbin abubuwan fakitin.

A cikin wannan labarin, zamuyi bayanin wasu mahimman abubuwan da kuke buƙatar yi bayan girka Ubuntu 20.04, don farawa da amfani da Focal Fossa.

Da farko, kuna so ku duba karatunmu game da haɓaka ko shigar da Ubuntu 20.04 akan na'urarku.

1. Yadda Ake Shigar da Desktop na 20.04 Ubuntu
2. Yadda ake Shigar da Ubuntu 20.04 Uwargida
3. Yadda ake Haɓakawa zuwa Ubuntu 20.04 daga Ubuntu 18.04 & 19.10

Abubuwan da Za'ayi Bayan Shigar da Ubuntu 20.04

Bi waɗannan matakai masu sauri don yin bayan shigar da Ubuntu 20.04.

Mataki na farko shi ne dubawa da girka abubuwan da aka sabunta don kiyaye software na kwamfutarka ta zamani. Wannan shine muhimmin aiki mafi mahimmanci da kuke buƙatar yi don kare tsarin ku.

Don shigar da ɗaukakawa, buɗe Manajan Updateaukakawa ta latsa 'Alt + F2' , sai a shigar da 'sabuntawa-manajan' sai a buga Shigar.

Bayan Manajan Updateaukakawa ya buɗe, idan akwai abubuwan sabuntawa da za a girka, za ku iya yin bita kuma zaɓi abubuwan da ke gab da sabuntawa sannan kuma bincika sababbin sabuntawa. Danna maballin 'Shigar da atesaukakawa' don haɓaka abubuwan da aka zaɓa, za a sa ku shigar da kalmar sirrinku, samar da ita don ci gaba.

A madadin, buɗe taga mai sauƙi kuma kawai aiwatar da waɗannan umarnin.

$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Lura cewa Ubuntu zai ci gaba da sanar da kai don sabunta tsaro da sabuntawa ba tsaro a kullun da mako-mako bi da bi. Hakanan zaka iya saita tsarinka don girka abubuwan sabuntawa ta atomatik, a ƙarƙashin Manajan Updateaukakawa.

Livepatch (ko Canonical Livepatch Service) yana bawa masu amfani da Ubuntu damar yin amfani da facin kernel masu mahimmanci ba tare da sake kunnawa ba. Wannan kuma yana taimakawa kiyaye tsarinku ta hanyar amfani da sabunta tsaro ba tare da tsarin sake farawa ba. Kyauta ne don amfanin mutum tare da injuna har zuwa 3. Don kunna ta, duk abin da kuke buƙata shine asusun Ubuntu One.

Je zuwa Ayyuka, bincika Livepatch kuma buɗe shi, ko kawai buɗe Software & Sabuntawa kuma danna shafin Livepatch. Idan kuna da asusun Ubuntu Daya, kawai Shiga ciki, in ba haka ba ƙirƙirar ɗaya.

Canonical yayi amfani da rahotanni na matsalolin fasaha don taimakawa inganta Ubuntu. Kuna iya zaɓar don aika rahoton kuskure zuwa ga masu haɓaka Ubuntu ko a'a. Don shirya saitunan, danna kan Ayyuka, bincika kuma buɗe Saituna, sannan je zuwa Sirri, sannan Bincike.

Ta hanyar tsoho, aikawa da rahoton kuskure an yi shi da hannu. Hakanan zaka iya zaɓar Ba (ba aikawa gaba ɗaya ba) ko Atomatik (don haka tsarin ya ci gaba da aika rahotonnin kuskure kai tsaye duk lokacin da suka faru).

Don fahimtar yadda ake amfani da bayanin da kuka raba, danna clickara koyo.

Idan kana da asusun Snap Store, za ka iya samun damar shiga keɓantattun hotuna, daga masu haɓaka app. A madadin haka, yi amfani da asusunka na Ubuntu Daya don shiga. Amma ba kwa buƙatar asusu don girka hotunan jama'a.

Don shiga cikin Snap Store, buɗe Ubuntu Software, danna maɓallin menu, sannan danna Shiga ciki.

Na gaba, shiga cikin asusunku na kan layi don ba ku damar haɗi zuwa bayananku a cikin gajimare. Je zuwa Ayyuka, bincika kuma buɗe Saituna, sannan danna kan Asusun Layi.

Ta hanyar tsoho, jirgin Ubuntu tare da aikace-aikacen Wasikun Thunderbird, wanda ke ba da kyawawan abubuwa kamar sauri, sirri, da sabbin fasahohi.

Don buɗe shi, danna gunkin Thunderbird kuma saita asusun imel na yanzu ko yin saitin hannu kamar yadda aka haskaka a cikin hoton da ke tafe.

Hanyar farko ta hawa yanar gizo ta hanyar amfani da burauzar. Mozilla Firefox (mai sauƙin nauyi da wadataccen mai bincike) shine tsoffin gidan yanar gizon Ubuntu. Koyaya, Ubuntu yana tallafawa wasu masu bincike da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da Chromium, Chrome, Opera, Konqueror, da ƙari mai yawa.

Don shigar da burauzar da kuka fi so, je gidan yanar gizon mai bincike na hukuma, kuma zazzage kunshin .deb sai a girka shi.

VLC abu ne mai sauƙi amma mai ƙarfi kuma wanda akafi amfani dashi a cikin sifofin media da tsarin da ke wasa mafi yawa idan ba duk fayilolin multimedia ba. Hakanan yana kunna DVD, Audio CDs, VCDs da ladabi da yawa masu gudana.

An rarraba shi azaman ɗaukar hoto don Ubuntu da sauran rarraba Linux da yawa. Don shigar da shi, buɗe taga mai buɗewa kuma gudanar da umarnin mai zuwa.

$ sudo snap install vlc

Masu kula da Ubuntu suna son haɗawa kawai da kayan aikin kyauta da na buɗe-buɗe, fakitoci masu rufaffiyar abubuwa kamar kododin kafofin watsa labaru don fayilolin odiyo da bidiyo na yau da kullun kamar MP3, AVI, MPEG4, da sauransu, ba a bayar da su ta tsoho ba a daidaitaccen girkawa.

Don girka su, kuna buƙatar shigar da ukun-ƙuntataccen-karin meta-kunshin ta hanyar aiwatar da umarni mai zuwa.

$ sudo apt install ubuntu-restricted-extras

GNOME Tweaks tsari ne mai sauƙaƙan zane don saitunan GNOME 3 na ci gaba. Yana ba ka damar sauƙaƙe kwamfutarka. Kodayake an tsara shi don GNOME Shell, za ku iya amfani da shi a cikin sauran kwamfyutocin tebur.

$ sudo apt install gnome-tweaks

Hanya mafi sauki don ƙara aiki zuwa GNOME shine ta amfani da kari wanda ke kan gidan yanar GNOME. A can za ku sami tarin kari da yawa waɗanda za ku iya zaɓa daga. Don yin shigar da kari a sauƙaƙe da gaske, kawai shigar da haɗin GNOME harsashi azaman mai haɓaka burauza da mahaɗin mahaɗin ƙasa.

Misali, don girka mahaɗin karɓar GNOME don Chrome ko Firefox, gudanar da waɗannan umarnin.

$ sudo apt install chrome-gnome-shell
OR
$ sudo apt install firefox-gnome-shell

Bayan girka fadada burauzar, kawai ka bude burauzarka don taimakawa ko kashe fadada kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke gaba.

Jirgin Ubuntu tare da kwalta, zip da kuma cire kayan amfani da kayan ajiya ta tsohuwa. Don tallafawa fayilolin ajiya daban-daban waɗanda zaku iya amfani dasu akan Ubuntu, kuna buƙatar girka wasu ƙarin abubuwan amfani na adana abubuwa kamar rar, unrar, p7zip-full, da p7zip-rar kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ sudo apt install rar unrar p7zip-full p7zip-rar

A kowane tsarin aiki na tebur, da zarar kun danna fayil sau biyu a cikin mai sarrafa fayil, za a buɗe shi tare da aikace-aikacen tsoho don nau'in fayil ɗin. Don saita tsoffin aikace-aikace don buɗe nau'in fayil a cikin Ubuntu 20.04, je zuwa Saituna, sannan danna Tsoffin Aikace-aikace, kuma zaɓi su daga menu mai sauƙi don kowane rukuni.

Amfani da gajerun hanyoyin madannin keyboard na iya haɓaka yawan aiki da kuma adana muku lokaci mai yawa lokacin amfani da kwamfuta. Don saita gajerun hanyoyin madanninku, a ƙarƙashin Saituna, sauƙaƙe danna Gajerun hanyoyin Maballin.

Yanayin hasken dare na GNOME yanayin nuni ne mai kariya wanda ke taimakawa kare idanunka daga damuwa da rashin bacci, ta hanyar sanya launin allo dumi. Don ba ta damar, je zuwa Saituna, sannan Nuni kuma danna maɓallin Hasken Dare. Kuna iya tsara lokacin da za a yi amfani da shi, lokaci, da yanayin zafi.

Ma'ajin Abokin Canonical yana ba da wasu aikace-aikacen mallakar ta kamar Adobe Flash Plugin, waɗanda ke rufe-tushe amma basu da tsadar kuɗi don amfani. Don ba ta dama, buɗe Software & Updates, da zarar ta ƙaddamar, danna kan Sauran Software tab.

Sannan bincika zaɓi na farko kamar yadda aka haskaka a cikin hotonnan mai zuwa. Za a sa ka shigar da kalmar wucewa don tabbatarwa, shigar da ita don ci gaba.

Idan kuna da niyyar gudanar da aikace-aikacen Windows a cikin Ubuntu 20.04, to kuna buƙatar shigar da Wine - aiwatarwa ce ta buɗe-tushen aiwatar da Windows API a saman tsarin aiki na X da POSIX, kamar Linux, BSD, da macOS. Yana ba ka damar haɗawa da gudanar da aikace-aikacen Windows tsabtace, a kan kwamfutocin Linux ta hanyar fassara kiran Windows API cikin kiran POSIX a kan-tashi.

Don shigar da Wine, gudanar da wannan umarnin.

$ sudo apt install wine winetricks

Idan kai ɗan wasa ne, to kai ma kana buƙatar shigar da abokin cinikin Steam don Linux. Steam shine babban sabis ɗin rarraba bidiyo wanda ke ba ku damar wasa da tattauna wasanni. Masu haɓaka wasanni da masu wallafa suna iya ƙirƙirar da rarraba wasanninsu akan Steam.

Gudura umarni mai zuwa don girka abokin cinikin tururi akan teburin Ubuntu 20.04 ɗinku.

$ sudo apt install steam

Don yan wasa, banda girka tururi (kamar yadda aka nuna a sama), kuna kuma buƙatar shigar da ƙarin direbobi masu haɓaka hoto don haɓaka ƙwarewar wasan ku akan Ubuntu. Kodayake Ubuntu yana ba da direbobin zane-zanen buɗe ido, amma direbobi masu fasahar zane-zane suna yin umarni da girma fiye da direbobin zane-zanen buɗe ido.

Ba kamar a cikin sifofin Ubuntu na farko ba, a cikin Ubuntu 20.04, ya fi sauƙi don shigar da direbobi masu mallakar hoto ba tare da buƙatar kunna wuraren ɓangare na uku ko saukar da yanar gizo ba. Kawai zuwa Software & Updates, sannan danna Additionalarin Direbobi.

Na farko, tsarin zai binciko samfuran da ke akwai, lokacin da bincike ya kare, akwatin jerin zai lissafa kowace na’urar da za a iya girka direbobi masu mallakar ta. Bayan ka zaba, danna Aiwatar da Canje-canje.

Don ƙara aikace-aikacen da kuka fi so a Ubuntu Dock (wanda ke gefen hagu na tebur ɗinka ta tsohuwa), danna kan Bayanan Ayyuka, bincika aikace-aikacen da kuke so misali m, sannan danna dama akan shi kuma zaɓi Addara zuwa Waɗanda aka fi so. .

Idan kuna amfani da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, to kuna iya shigar da Kayan Aikin Laptop, kayan aiki mai sauƙi da mai iya daidaitawa don tsarin Linux. Yana taimaka wajen faɗaɗa rayuwar batirin kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ta hanyoyi da yawa. Hakanan yana ba ku damar tweak wasu saitunan da suka shafi iko ta amfani da fayil ɗin daidaitawa.

$ sudo apt install laptop-mode-tools

Arshe amma ba mafi ƙaranci ba, ci gaba da girka ƙarin software da kuka yi niyyar amfani da su. Kuna iya yin wannan daga Ubuntu Software (ko shigar da aikace-aikace daga wuraren ajiya na ɓangare na uku).

Kawai buɗe Ubuntu Software kuma yi amfani da fasalin bincike don nemo software ɗin da kuke so. Misali, don girka kwamandan tsakar dare, danna gunkin bincike, buga sunansa, sannan danna shi.

Timeshift mai amfani ne mai amfani wanda yake haifar da hotunan hoto da kari a lokaci na lokaci. Ana iya amfani da waɗannan hotunan gaggawa don dawo da tsarin ku zuwa yanayin aiki na farko idan akwai matsala

$ sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:teejee2008/ppa
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install timeshift

JAVA shine mafi shahararren yaren shirye-shirye kuma aikace-aikace da gidajen yanar gizo da yawa baza suyi aiki yadda yakamata ba sai dai idan kun girka shi akan tsarin ku.

$ sudo apt-get install openjdk-11-jdk

Rarraba Ubuntu ba kawai an taƙaita shi ga Gnome ba ne kawai, amma ana iya amfani da shi tare da wurare daban-daban na tebur kamar kirfa, aboki, KDE da sauransu.

Don shigar kirfa za ku iya amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

$ sudo apt-get install cinnamon-desktop-environment

Don shigar da MATE, yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

$ sudo apt-get install ubuntu-mate-desktop

Shi ke nan! Idan kuna da wasu ƙarin ra'ayoyi game da abubuwan da za ku yi bayan girka Ubuntu 20.04, da fatan za a raba shi tare da mu ta hanyar hanyar neman ra'ayi da ke ƙasa.