Yadda ake Shigar KVM akan CentOS/RHEL 8


Na'urar Virtual da ke Kernel (KVM a taƙaice) ita ce tushen buɗewa da kuma zahirin gaskiya ingantaccen maganin haɓaka wanda ke haɗe cikin Linux sosai. Moduleaunin kernel ne mai ɗorawa wanda ya juya Linux zuwa nau'in-1 (mara ƙanƙama) ƙarfe wanda ke ƙirƙirar tsarin aiki na kamala wanda ake amfani da shi don gudanar da injunan kama-da-wane (VMs).

A karkashin KVM, kowane VM tsari ne na Linux wanda aka tsara shi kuma ake sarrafa shi ta kwaya kuma yana da kayan aiki na musamman (watau CPU, katin cibiyar sadarwa, faifai, da sauransu). Hakanan yana tallafawa ƙawancen ƙaƙƙarfan ƙazanta, wanda ke ba ku damar gudanar da VM a cikin wani VM.

Wasu daga cikin mahimman abubuwan sa sun haɗa da tallafi don kewayon keɓaɓɓun kayan aiki na kayan tallafi na Linux (kayan aikin x86 tare da haɓaka ƙwarewa (Intel VT ko AMD-V)), yana ba da ingantaccen tsaro na VM da keɓewa ta amfani da duka SELinux da amintaccen ƙazanta (sVirt), yana gadar da sifofin sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar kernel, kuma yana tallafawa duka layi da ƙaura na ainihi (ƙaura na VM mai gudana tsakanin runduna ta zahiri).

A cikin wannan labarin, zaku koya yadda ake girka kayil na KVM, ƙirƙira da sarrafa Injinan Virtual a cikin CentOS 8 da RHEL 8 Linux.

  1. Sabon shigarwa na CentOS 8 uwar garken
  2. Sabon shigarwa na sabar RHEL 8
  3. An kunna rajistar RedHat akan sabar RHEL 8

Allyari, tabbatar cewa masarrafar kayan aikin ku tana tallafawa ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodi ta hanyar aiwatar da wannan umarnin.

# grep -e 'vmx' /proc/cpuinfo		#Intel systems
# grep -e 'svm' /proc/cpuinfo		#AMD systems

Hakanan, tabbatar cewa an ɗora modal ɗin KVM a cikin kwaya (ya kamata su zama, ta tsohuwa).

# lsmod | grep kvm

Anan akwai samfurin samfurin akan tsarin gwajin wanda yake tushen Intel:

A cikin jerin jerin jagororin KVM da suka gabata, mun nuna wasan bidiyo na Cockpit.

Mataki na 1: Saitin Kayan Kayan Gidan Yanar Gizo akan CentOS 8

1. Rukunin matukin jirgi abu ne mai sauƙin amfani, hadewa da faɗakarwa akan tushen yanar gizo don gudanar da sabar Linux a cikin burauzar yanar gizo. Yana ba ka damar aiwatar da ayyukan tsarin kamar daidaitawa hanyoyin sadarwa, gudanar da ajiya, ƙirƙirar VMs, da bincika rajistan ayyukan tare da linzamin kwamfuta. Yana amfani da tsarin ayyukanku na yau da kullun don amfani da dama, amma sauran hanyoyin tabbatarwa suma suna tallafawa.

Ya zo an riga an shigar dashi kuma an kunna shi akan sabon tsarin CentOS 8 da RHEL 8, idan baku sanya shi ba, girka shi ta amfani da umarnin dnf mai zuwa. Ya kamata a shigar da fadada-inji kayan aiki don gudanar da VMs bisa ga Libvirt.

# dnf install cockpit cockpit-machines

2. Lokacin da aka gama shigar da kunshin, fara bututun matatar jirgin, a kunna shi ta atomatik-fara a boot system kuma a duba matsayinta don tabbatar da cewa yana sama da aiki.

# systemctl start cockpit.socket
# systemctl enable cockpit.socket
# systemctl status cockpit.socket

3. Na gaba, ƙara sabis ɗin kokfit a cikin Firewall ɗin tsarin wanda aka ba shi damar ta tsohuwa, ta yin amfani da umarnin firewall-cmd kuma sake loda bayanan bangon don amfani da sabbin canje-canje.

# firewall-cmd --add-service=cockpit --permanent
# firewall-cmd --reload

4. Don samun damar kwandon yanar gizo, to buɗe burauzar yanar gizo kuma yi amfani da URL mai zuwa don kewayawa.

https://FQDN:9090/
OR
https://SERVER_IP:9090/

dakin jirgin sama yana amfani da takardar shaidar sa hannu don kunna HTTPS, kawai ci gaba da haɗin lokacin da ka sami gargaɗi daga mai binciken. A shafin shiga, yi amfani da takardun shaidarka na mai amfani da sabarka.

Mataki 2: Shigar da KOSM Virtualization CentOS 8

5. Na gaba, girka tsarin koyawa ɗai-ɗai da sauran fakiti na ƙwarewa kamar haka. Kunshin girke-girke yana ba da kayan aiki don girka injunan kama-da-wane daga mahaɗan layin umarni, kuma ana amfani da mai kallo don duba injunan kama-da-wane.

# dnf module install virt 
# dnf install virt-install virt-viewer

6. Na gaba, gudanar da ingantaccen umarni don tabbatarwa idan an saita injin rundunar don tafiyar da direbobin libvisirt hypervisor.

# virt-host-validate

7. Na gaba, fara libemirtd daemon (libvirtd) kuma bashi damar farawa ta atomatik akan kowace taya. Sannan duba matsayinta don tabbatar da cewa ya fara aiki.

# systemctl start libvirtd.service
# systemctl enable libvirtd.service
# systemctl status libvirtd.service

Mataki na 3: Saita Gadar Hanyar Sadarwa (Canza hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa) ta hanyar Cockpit

8. Yanzu ƙirƙirar gada ta hanyar sadarwa (canza hanyar sadarwa ta kamala) don haɗa injunan kama-da-wane zuwa cibiyar sadarwa ɗaya da mai masaukin. Ta hanyar tsoho, da zarar an fara amfani da libvirtd daemon, yana kunna tsoffin hanyar sadarwar yanar gizo virbr0 wanda ke wakiltar canjin hanyar sadarwa wacce take aiki a yanayin NAT.

Don wannan jagorar, zamu ƙirƙiri hanyar sadarwar hanyar sadarwa a cikin yanayin haɗin da ake kira br0. Wannan zai ba da damar injunan kama-da-wane su zama masu sauƙi a kan hanyoyin sadarwar mai watsa shiri.

Daga babban ɗakin dubawa, danna kan Sadarwar, sannan danna Bridgeara Bridge kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke tafe.

9. Daga pop-up taga, shigar da sunan gada saika zabi bayin gada ko kuma na'urorin tashar jiragen ruwa (misali enp2s0 mai wakiltar Ethernet interface) kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin wannan hoton. Sannan danna Aiwatar.

10. Yanzu idan ka duba jerin Hanyoyi, sabon gada ya kamata ya bayyana a wurin kuma bayan secondsan dakikoki, yakamata a dakatar da aikin Ethernet (a saukeshi ƙasa).

Mataki na 4: Creatirƙira da Gudanar da Injinan Virtual ta hanyar Console Web Console

11. Daga babban ɗakin dubawa, danna zaɓi na Virtual Machines kamar yadda aka haskaka a cikin hoton da ke tafe. Daga Virtual Machines shafi, danna kan Createirƙiri VM.

12. Taga tare da zabuka don kirkirar sabon VM zata nuna. Shigar da Haɗin, Sunan (e, g ubuntu18.04), Nau'in Tushen Shigarwa (akan tsarin gwajin, mun adana hotunan ISO ƙarƙashin tafkin ajiya watau/var/lib/libvirt/images /), Tushen Shigarwa, Ma'aji, Girman , Memory kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto mai zuwa. Ya kamata mai karɓar OS mai siyarwa da Tsarin aiki ta atomatik bayan sun shiga Tushen Shigarwa.

Hakanan bincika zaɓi don fara VM kai tsaye, sannan danna Createirƙiri.

13. Bayan danna Kirkira daga mataki na baya, VM yakamata a fara ta atomatik kuma yakamata ya fara amfani da hoton ISO da aka bayar. Ci gaba don shigar da tsarin aikin baƙo (Ubuntu 18.04 a cikinmu).

Idan ka latsa Hanyoyin Hanyar Sadarwa na VM, tushen hanyar sadarwar ya kamata ya nuna sabon haɗin haɗin haɗin gada.

Kuma yayin shigarwar, a matakin daidaita hanyar sadarwa, yakamata ku iya lura cewa VMs Ethernet yana karɓar adireshin IP daga uwar garken DHCP na cibiyar sadarwar.

Lura cewa kuna buƙatar shigar da kunshin OpenSSH don samun damar OS ɗin bako ta hanyar SSH daga kowace na'ura akan cibiyar sadarwar, kamar yadda aka bayyana a sashin ƙarshe.

14. Lokacin da shigowar OS bako ya cika, sake yi VM din, to sai yaje wajen Faya ya cire/cire na'urar cdrom a karkashin VMs din. Sannan danna Run don fara VM.

15. Yanzu a ƙarƙashin Consoles, zaku iya shiga cikin OS ɗin baƙo ta amfani da asusun mai amfani da kuka ƙirƙira yayin shigarwar OS.

Mataki na 5: Samun dama ga Bako na Machinean Bako na OS ta hanyar SSH

16. Don samun damar sabon shigar bakon OS daga rundunar hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar SSH, gudanar da wannan umarni (maye gurbin 10.42.0.197 tare da adireshin IP ɗin bakon ku).

$ ssh [email 

17. Don rufewa, sake kunnawa ko share VM, danna shi daga jerin VMs, sannan amfani da maɓallan da aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke tafe.

Wannan kenan a yanzu! A cikin wannan jagorar, mun nuna yadda za a girka abubuwan fakiti na KVM, kuma ƙirƙira da sarrafa VM ta hanyar kwandon yanar gizo. Don ƙarin bayani, duba: Farawa tare da ƙwarewa a cikin RHEL 8.