Yadda ake Saitin Sabis na NFS da Abokin Ciniki akan CentOS 8


Tsarin Fayil na hanyar sadarwa (NFS) wanda aka fi sani da abokin ciniki/tsarin fayil ɗin uwar garke mashahuri ne, dandamali na giciye da rarraba tsarin tsarin fayil wanda aka yi amfani dashi don fitarwa tsarin fayil na gida akan hanyar sadarwar don abokan ciniki zasu iya raba kundin adireshi da fayiloli tare da wasu akan hanyar sadarwa da hulɗa tare da su kamar dai ana ɗora su a gida.

A cikin CentOS/RHEL 8, sigar da aka tallafawa NFS sune NFSv3 da NFSv4 kuma fasalin NFS na asali shine 4.2 wanda ke nuna tallafi don Lissafin Lissafin Shiga (ACLs), kwafin gefen uwar garke, fayilolin da ba su da yawa, ajiyar sarari, da aka yiwa lakabi da NFS, abubuwan haɓaka shimfidawa, da yafi.

A cikin wannan labarin, zaku koyi yadda ake girka da saita sabar NFS da abokin NFS akan rarraba CentOS/RHEL 8 Linux.

  1. Jagorar Shigar da CentOS 8
  2. RHEL 8 Minananan Shigowa
  3. A kunna Biyan RHEL a cikin RHEL 8
  4. Kafa Adireshin IP tsaye a CentOS/RHEL 8

NFS Server IP:	10.20.20.8
NFS Client IP:	10.20.20.9	

Kafa Sabis na NFS akan CentOS 8

1. Da farko, fara da girka abubuwanda ake bukata akan sabar NFS. Theididdigar sune kayan nfs wanda ke ba daemon don uwar garken NFS na kernel da kayan aikin da suka dace kamar su ya ƙunshi shirin baje kolin.

Gudun umarni mai zuwa don shigar da kunshin akan sabar NFS (yi amfani da sudo idan kuna gudanar da tsarin azaman ba mai amfani bane).

# dnf install nfs-utils

2. Da zarar an gama girkawa, fara aikin nfs-server, a bashi damar farawa kai tsaye a boot system, sannan a tabbatar da matsayinsa ta hanyar amfani da systemctl umarnin.

# systemctl start nfs-server.service
# systemctl enable nfs-server.service
# systemctl status nfs-server.service

Lura cewa sauran ayyukan da ake buƙata don gudanar da sabar NFS ko hawa hannun jari na NFS kamar nfsd, nfs-idmapd, rpcbind, rpc.mountd, lockd, rpc.statd, rpc.rquotad, da rpc.idmapd za'a fara su ta atomatik.

Fayil ɗin sanyi don sabar NFS sune:

  • /etc/nfs.conf - babban fayil ɗin daidaitawa don abubuwan almara na NFS da kayan aiki.
  • /etc/nfsmount.conf - fayil ɗin sanyi na NFS.

3. Na gaba, ƙirƙiri tsarin fayil don fitarwa ko rabawa akan sabar NFS. Don wannan jagorar, zamu ƙirƙiri tsarin fayil guda huɗu, guda uku waɗanda ma'aikata daga sassa uku ke amfani da su: albarkatun ɗan adam, kuɗi da kasuwanci don raba fayiloli kuma ɗayan shine don tushen mai amfani.

# mkdir -p  /mnt/nfs_shares/{Human_Resource,Finance,Marketing}
# mkdir  -p /mnt/backups
# ls -l /mnt/nfs_shares/

4. Sa'annan a fitar da tsarin fayil na sama a cikin NFS server/etc/fitarwa fayil don daidaitawa don ƙayyade tsarin fayil na zahiri wanda zai iya isa ga abokan NFS

/mnt/nfs_shares/Human_Resource  	10.20.20.0/24(rw,sync)
/mnt/nfs_shares/Finance			10.20.10.0/24(rw,sync)
/mnt/nfs_shares/Marketing		10.20.30.0/24(rw,sync)
/mnt/backups				10.20.20.9/24(rw,sync,no_all_squash,root_squash)

Anan ga wasu zaɓuɓɓukan fitarwa (karanta fitarwa mutum don ƙarin bayani da zaɓuɓɓukan fitarwa):

  • rw - yana ba da damar karatu da rubutu duka akan tsarin fayil ɗin.
  • aiki tare - gaya wa uwar garken NFS don rubuta ayyukan (rubuta bayanai zuwa faifai) lokacin da aka nema (ya shafi tsoho).
  • all_squash - zana dukkan UIDs da GID daga buƙatun abokin ciniki zuwa mai amfani da ba a sani ba.
  • no_all_squash - ana amfani dashi don zana dukkan UIDs da GID daga buƙatun abokin ciniki zuwa UIDs iri ɗaya da GID akan sabar NFS.
  • root_squash - buƙatun taswira daga tushen mai amfani ko UID/GID 0 daga abokin harka zuwa UID/GID wanda ba a sani ba.

5. Don fitarwa da tsarin fayil ɗin da ke sama, gudanar da umarnin fitarwa tare da tutar -a na nufin fitarwa ko fitar da dukkan kundin adireshi, -r na nufin sake aika dukkan kundin adireshi, aiki tare/var/lib/nfs/etab tare da/sauransu/fitarwa da fayiloli ƙarƙashin /etc/exports.d, kuma -v yana ba da damar yin magana.

# exportfs -arv

6. Don nuna jerin fitarwa na yanzu, gudanar da umurnin mai zuwa. Lura cewa teburin fitarwa kuma ya shafi wasu zaɓuɓɓukan fitarwa na fitarwa waɗanda ba a bayyana su a sarari kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton mai zuwa ba.

# exportfs  -s

7. Na gaba, idan kana da sabis na kashe gobara da ke gudana, kana buƙatar ba da izinin zirga-zirga zuwa ayyukan NFS masu buƙata (Mountd, nfs, rpc-bind) ta hanyar Firewall, sannan ka sake shigar da dokokin bangon don amfani da canje-canjen, kamar haka.

# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=nfs
# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=rpc-bind
# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=mountd
# firewall-cmd --reload

Kafa Abokin Cinikin NFS akan Tsarin Abokin Ciniki

8. Yanzu akan kumbura (s) na abokin ciniki, girka fakitin buƙatun don samun damar hannun jarin NFS akan tsarin kwastomomin. Gudu umarnin da ya dace don rarrabawa:

# dnf install nfs-utils nfs4-acl-tools         [On CentOS/RHEL]
$ sudo apt install nfs-common nfs4-acl-tools   [On Debian/Ubuntu]

9. Sa'an nan kuma gudanar da umarnin nunawa don nuna bayanan dutsen don uwar garken NFS. Umurnin ya kamata ya fitar da tsarin fayil ɗin da aka fitar akan abokin ciniki kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin sikirin.

# showmount -e 10.20.20.8

9. Na gaba, ƙirƙiri tsarin fayil na gida/kundin adireshi don hawa tsarin fayil ɗin NFS mai nisa kuma ɗora shi azaman tsarin fayil ɗin ntf.

# mkdir -p /mnt/backups
# mount -t nfs  10.20.20.8:/mnt/backups /mnt/backups

10. Sannan tabbatar cewa an saka tsarin fayil din nesa ta hanyar aiwatar da umurnin dutsen da tace nfs firam.

# mount | grep nfs

11. Don bawa dutsen damar dagewa koda bayan tsarin sake yi, gudanar da wannan umarni don shigar da shigarwar da ta dace a cikin/sauransu/fstab.

# echo "10.20.20.8:/mnt/backups     /mnt/backups  nfs     defaults 0 0">>/etc/fstab
# cat /etc/fstab

12. A ƙarshe, gwada idan saitin NFS yana aiki da kyau ta ƙirƙirar fayil akan sabar sannan bincika idan ana iya ganin fayil ɗin a cikin abokin ciniki.

# touch /mnt/backups/file_created_on_server.text     [On NFS Server]
# ls -l /mnt/backups/file_created_on_server.text     [On NFS client]

Sa'an nan kuma yi baya.

# touch /mnt/backups/file_created_on_client.text     [On NFS Client]
# ls -l /mnt/backups/file_created_on_client.text     [On NFS Server]

13. Don sauke tsarin fayil din nesa daga bangaren abokin ciniki.

# umount /mnt/backups

Lura cewa ba za ku iya cire fayil ɗin nesa ba idan kuna aiki a ciki kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke tafe.

Shi ke nan! A cikin wannan jagorar, mun nuna yadda ake girka da saita sabar NFS da abokin harka a CentOS/RHEL 8. Idan kuna da kowane tunani da zaku raba ko tambaya, yi amfani da fom ɗin sharhi da ke ƙasa don dawo gare mu.