Yadda ake Shigar da Sanya Sigar NFS akan Ubuntu 18.04
NFS (Share Fayil ɗin Yanar Gizo) yarjejeniya ce wacce ke ba ku damar raba kundin adireshi da fayiloli tare da sauran abokan cinikin Linux a cikin hanyar sadarwa. Adireshin da za a raba yawanci ana ƙirƙirar shi akan sabar NFS da fayilolin da aka ƙara zuwa gare ta.
Tsarin kwastomomi suna hawa kundin adireshin da ke zaune akan sabar NFS, wanda ke basu damar isa ga fayilolin da aka ƙirƙira. NFS ya zo da sauki lokacin da kake buƙatar raba bayanai gama gari tsakanin tsarin kwastomomi musamman lokacin da suke ƙarancin wuri.
Wannan jagorar zai kunshi manyan bangarori 2: Girkawa da daidaitawa Server ta NFS akan Ubuntu 18.04/20.04 da Shigar da abokin NFS akan kwastomomin Linux.
Shigar da saita NFS Server akan Ubuntu
Don girka da saita sabar NFS, bi matakan da aka zayyana a ƙasa.
Mataki na farko shine shigar da kunshin nfs-kernel-server akan sabar. Amma kafin muyi haka, bari mu fara sabunta kunshin tsarin ta amfani da wadannan kyawawan umarni.
$ sudo apt update
Da zarar an gama sabuntawa, ci gaba da shigar da kunshin nfs-kernel-server kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa. Wannan zai adana ƙarin fakitoci kamar nfs-gama gari da rpcbind waɗanda suke da mahimmanci ga saitin fayil ɗin.
$ sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server
Mataki 2: Createirƙiri Directory na Fitarwa na NFS
Mataki na biyu shine ƙirƙirar kundin adireshi wanda za'a raba tsakanin tsarin abokan ciniki. Wannan kuma ana kiranta azaman kundin fitarwa kuma yana cikin wannan kundin adireshin cewa daga baya zamu ƙirƙiri fayiloli waɗanda tsarin abokan ciniki zai iya samun damar su.
Gudanar da umarnin da ke ƙasa ta hanyar tantance sunan kundin adireshin NFS.
$ sudo mkdir -p /mnt/nfs_share
Tunda muna son duk masarrafan masarufi su sami damar shiga kundin adireshin da aka raba, cire duk wani hani a cikin izini cikin kundin adireshin.
$ sudo chown -R nobody:nogroup /mnt/nfs_share/
Hakanan zaka iya tweak izinin izini na fayil zuwa fifikon ka. Anan mun ba da karantawa, rubutawa da aiwatar da gata ga duk abubuwan da ke cikin kundin adireshin.
$ sudo chmod 777 /mnt/nfs_share/
An bayyana izini don isa ga sabar NFS a cikin fayil/sauransu/fitarwa. Don haka buɗe fayil ɗin ta amfani da editan rubutun da kuka fi so:
$ sudo vim /etc/exports
Kuna iya samar da damar yin amfani da abokin ciniki ɗaya, abokan ciniki da yawa, ko saka takamaiman hanyar sadarwa.
A cikin wannan jagorar, mun ba da izini ga wani ɗan ƙaramin yanki don samun damar zuwa rabon NFS.
/mnt/nfs_share 192.168.43.0/24(rw,sync,no_subtree_check)
Bayani game da zaɓuɓɓukan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin umarnin da ke sama.
- rw: Tsayawa don Karanta/Rubuta.
- aiki tare: Yana buƙatar canje-canje da za a rubuta zuwa diski kafin a yi amfani da su.
- Babu_subtree_check: Yana kawar da binciken ƙarami.
Don ba da dama ga abokin ciniki ɗaya, yi amfani da rubutun:
/mnt/nfs_share client_IP_1 (re,sync,no_subtree_check)
Don abokan ciniki da yawa, saka kowane abokin ciniki akan fayil daban:
/mnt/nfs_share client_IP_1 (re,sync,no_subtree_check) /mnt/nfs_share client_IP_2 (re,sync,no_subtree_check)
Bayan bayar da dama ga tsarin kwastomomin da aka fi so, fitar da kundin adireshi na NFS kuma sake kunna sabar NFS don canje-canje ya fara aiki.
$ sudo exportfs -a $ sudo systemctl restart nfs-kernel-server
Don abokin harka ya sami damar raba abubuwan NFS, kuna buƙatar ba da izinin shiga ta bango idan ba haka ba, samun dama da hawa cikin kundin adireshin da aka raba zai zama ba zai yiwu ba. Don cimma wannan gudu umarnin:
$ sudo ufw allow from 192.168.43.0/24 to any port nfs
Sake loda ko a kunna Firewall (idan an kashe) sannan a bincika matsayin Firewall. Port 2049, wanda shine tsoho rabo fayil, ya kamata a buɗe.
$ sudo ufw enable $ sudo ufw status
Sanya Abokin NFS akan Tsarin Abokin Ciniki
Mun gama girkawa da daidaita ayyukan NFS akan Server, bari yanzu mu girka NFS akan tsarin kwastomomi.
Kamar yadda yake ƙa'ida, fara da sabunta abubuwan fakiti da wuraren ajiya kafin komai.
$ sudo apt update
Na gaba, shigar da fakitin nfs-gama gari kamar yadda aka nuna.
$ sudo apt install nfs-common
Na gaba, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar wurin hawa wanda akan sa zaku ɗora nfs raba daga sabar NFS. Don yin wannan, gudanar da umarnin:
$ sudo mkdir -p /mnt/nfs_clientshare
Mataki na ƙarshe da ya rage shine hawa rabon NFS wanda aka raba ta sabar NFS. Wannan zai bawa tsarin kwastomomi damar isa ga kundin adireshi.
Bari mu bincika adireshin IP na Server na NFS ta amfani da umarnin ifconfig.
$ ifconfig
Don cimma wannan gudu umarnin:
$ sudo mount 192.168.43.234:/mnt/nfs_share /mnt/nfs_clientshare
Don tabbatar da cewa tsarinmu na NFS yana aiki, zamu kirkirar aan fayiloli a cikin kundin bayanan NFS da ke cikin sabar.
$ cd /mnt/nfs_share/ $ touch file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt
Yanzu komawa kan tsarin abokin ciniki na NFS kuma bincika idan fayilolin sun wanzu.
$ ls -l /mnt/nfs_clientshare/
Babban! Sakamakon ya tabbatar da cewa zamu iya samun damar fayilolin da muka ƙirƙira akan sabar NFS!
Kuma wannan game da shi. A cikin wannan jagorar, mun bi ku ta hanyar shigarwa da daidaitawar sabar NFS akan Ubuntu 18.04 da Ubuntu 20.04. Ba kasafai ake amfani da NFS ba a zamanin yau kuma an sake sanya shi baya saboda an fi dacewa da amintaccen tsarin yarjejeniya na Samba.