Yadda ake Ƙirƙirar Injin Kaya a cikin Ubuntu Amfani da Kayan aikin QEMU/KVM

Taƙaice: A cikin wannan jagorar, mun bincika yadda ake shigar da QEMU/KVM akan Ubuntu don ƙirƙirar injina.

Ƙwarewa ɗaya daga cikin fasahar da aka fi amfani da ita a cikin masana'antu da kuma gida. Ko kai ƙwararren ƙwararren IT ne, mai tsara shirye-shirye, ko novice na IT, haɓakawa na iya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan abokanka.

Ƙwararru shine ƙaddamar da kayan aikin kwamfuta ta amfani da aikace-aikacen software da aka sani da hypervisor. Mai hypervisor yana ƙirƙira wani yanki na abstraction akan kayan aikin kwamfuta kuma yana haɓaka sassa daban-daban na tsarin ciki har da amma ba'a iyakance ga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ba, processor, ajiya, na'urorin USB, da sauransu.

A yin haka, yana ba ka damar ƙirƙirar kwamfutoci masu kama-da-wane waɗanda aka fi sani da injunan kama-da-wane daga cikin abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su, kuma kowane injin kama-da-wane, wanda kuma aka sani da baƙo, yana gudanar da kansa ba tare da tsarin runduna ba.

KVM, gajere don Injin Virtual na tushen Kernel buɗaɗɗen nau'in hypervisor nau'in 1 ne (wanda bare karfe hypervisor) wanda aka haɗa cikin kwaya ta Linux. Yana ba ku damar ƙirƙira da sarrafa injunan kama-da-wane da ke gudana Windows, Linux, ko UNIX bambance-bambancen kamar FreeBSD, da OpenBSD.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, kowane injin kama-da-wane yana da nasa kayan aikin kama-da-wane kamar ajiya, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, CPU, mu'amalar hanyar sadarwa, mu'amalar USB, da zane-zanen bidiyo don ambaton kaɗan.

QEMU (Quick Emulator) wani nau'in software ne wanda ke yin koyi da sassa daban-daban na kayan aikin kwamfuta. Yana goyan bayan cikakken ƙirƙira kuma yana aiki tare da KVM don samar da cikakkiyar ƙwarewar haɓakawa.

A cikin wannan jagorar, za mu nuna yadda ake shigar da QEMU/KVM akan rarrabawar Ubuntu 20.04/22.04.

Mataki 1: Bincika Ƙwararren Ƙwararru a cikin Ubuntu

Don fara bincika idan CPU ɗin ku na goyan bayan fasahar ƙirƙira. Tsarin ku yana buƙatar samun na'ura mai sarrafa Intel VT-x (vmx) ko AMD-V (svm).

Don tabbatar da wannan, gudanar da umarnin egrep mai zuwa.

$ egrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo

Idan ana goyan bayan Ƙwarewa, abin da ake fitarwa ya kamata ya fi 0, misali, 2,4,6, da dai sauransu.

A madadin, zaku iya gudanar da umarnin grep mai zuwa don nuna nau'in masarrafar da tsarin ku ke goyan bayan. A cikin yanayinmu, muna gudanar da Intel VT-x wanda ma'aunin vmx ke nunawa.

$ grep -E --color '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo

Hakanan mahimmanci, bincika idan KVM yana tallafawa ta hanyar aiwatar da umarni mai zuwa:

$ kvm-ok

Idan mai amfani kvm-ok ya ɓace, shigar da kunshin cpu-checker kamar haka.

$ sudo apt install cpu-checker -y

Yanzu da mun tabbatar da cewa tsarin mu yana goyan bayan KVM kama-da-wane, bari mu ci gaba kuma mu shigar da QEMU.

Mataki 2: Sanya QEMU/KVM akan Ubuntu 20.04/22.04

Na gaba, sabunta jerin fakitin da ma'ajiya kamar haka.

$ sudo apt update

Bayan haka, shigar da QEMU/KVM tare da sauran fakitin haɓakawa kamar haka:

$ sudo apt install qemu-kvm virt-manager virtinst libvirt-clients bridge-utils libvirt-daemon-system -y

Bari mu bincika irin rawar da kowane ɗayan waɗannan fakitin ke takawa.

qemu-kvm – Wannan koyi ne mai buɗe ido wanda ke yin koyi da kayan aikin kwamfuta.
virt-manager – GUI na tushen Qt don ƙirƙira da sarrafa injina ta amfani da libvirt daemon.
virtinst – Tarin abubuwan amfani da layin umarni don ƙirƙira da yin canje-canje ga injina.
libvirt-abokan ciniki - APIs da ɗakunan karatu na gefen abokin ciniki don sarrafa injina daga layin umarni.
bridge-utils – Saitin kayan aikin layin umarni don sarrafa na'urorin gada.
libvirt-daemon-system - Yana ba da fayilolin daidaitawa da ake buƙata don gudanar da sabis na haɓakawa.

A wannan gaba, mun shigar da QEMU da duk mahimman fakitin haɓakawa. Mataki na gaba shine farawa da kunna libvirtd virtualization daemon.

Don haka, gudanar da umarni masu zuwa:

$ sudo systemctl enable --now libvirtd
$ sudo systemctl start libvirtd

Na gaba, tabbatar da idan sabis ɗin kama-da-wane yana gudana kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ sudo systemctl status libvirtd

Daga fitarwar da ke sama, libvirtd daemon yana aiki kamar yadda aka zata. Bugu da ƙari, ƙara mai amfani a halin yanzu a cikin kvm da ƙungiyoyin libvirt kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ sudo usermod -aG kvm $USER
$ sudo usermod -aG libvirt $USER

Mataki 3: Kaddamar da Virtual Machine Manager a Ubuntu

Mataki na gaba shine ƙaddamar da kayan aikin QEMU/KVM GUI wanda shine Manajan Injin Kaya.

$ sudo virt-manager

Manajan Injin Virtual zai tashi kamar yadda aka nuna. Daga nan, zaku iya fara ƙirƙira da sarrafa injunan kama-da-wane kamar yadda za mu nuna nan ba da jimawa ba.

Mataki na 4: Ƙirƙiri Injin Farko tare da QEMU/KVM a cikin Ubuntu

A cikin wannan sashe, zamu nuna yadda zaku iya ƙirƙirar injin kama-da-wane ta amfani da hoton ISO. Don dalilai na nunawa, za mu yi amfani da hoton Fedora Live ISO. Kuna iya amfani da hoton ISO na OS ɗin da kuka fi so kuma ku bi tare.

Don farawa, danna gunkin a kusurwar hagu na sama kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.

Tun da muna ƙirƙirar injin kama-da-wane daga fayil ɗin ISO, zaɓi zaɓi na farko - 'Mai saka idanu na gida (hoton ISO ko CDROM)'. Sannan danna 'Forward'.

Na gaba, danna 'Bincika' don kewaya zuwa wurin fayil ɗin ISO.

Tun da an ajiye fayil ɗin ISO a gida akan tsarin ku, za mu danna 'Bincike Local'.

Tabbatar kewaya zuwa wurin da fayil ɗin ISO yake. Danna shi sannan ka danna 'Bude'.

Kafin ci gaba, tabbatar da cewa kun zaɓi tsarin aiki daga menu mai buɗewa. Sannan danna 'Forward'.

Danna 'Ee' akan pop-up don ba da izinin bincike na emulator zuwa fayil ɗin ISO.

Na gaba, zaɓi Girman Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da adadin nau'ikan nau'ikan CPU kuma danna 'Forward'.

A mataki na gaba, ba da damar ajiya don na'urar kama-da-wane kuma saka girman diski mai kama-da-wane. Sannan danna 'Forward'.

A ƙarshe, sake duba duk saitunan da kuka ayyana, kuma idan duk yayi kyau, danna 'Gama' don ƙirƙirar injin kama-da-wane. In ba haka ba, danna 'baya' kuma yi canje-canjen da suka dace.

Da zarar ka danna 'Gama' manajan injin kama-da-wane zai fara ƙirƙirar injin kama-da-wane bisa tsarin saiti.

Kuma a cikin dakika kadan, mayen shigar da injin kama-da-wane zai tashi. Kuna iya ci gaba da shigarwa kamar yadda kuke yi akan tsarin jiki.

Bugu da ƙari, za a jera injin ɗin ku a kan Manajan injin Virtual kamar yadda aka nuna. Ta danna dama akan VM naka, zaku iya aiwatar da ayyuka daban-daban da suka haɗa da dakatarwa, sake kunnawa, sake saiti, da share injin kama-da-wane tsakanin sauran su.

A cikin wannan jagorar, mun nuna yadda ake shigar QEMU/KVM akan Ubuntu 20.04/22.04. Bugu da ƙari, mun ci gaba da yin wani mataki kuma mun ƙirƙiri na'ura mai mahimmanci ta amfani da fayil ɗin hoton ISO.

Don sarrafa injunan KVM, karanta labaran mu masu zuwa:

Yadda ake Sarrafa Injin Kaya a cikin KVM Amfani da Virt-Manage
Yadda ake Ƙirƙirar KVM Virtual Machine Template