Saka idanu Ayyukan Masu Amfani da Linux tare da psacct ko Acct Tools
psacct ko acct duka kayan aikin buɗaɗɗe ne don sa ido kan ayyukan masu amfani akan tsarin Linux. Waɗannan abubuwan amfani suna gudana a bango kuma suna lura da ayyukan kowane mai amfani akan tsarin ku da kuma abubuwan da ake amfani da su.
Ni da kaina na yi amfani da waɗannan kayan aikin a cikin kamfaninmu, muna da ƙungiyar haɓaka inda masu haɓaka mu ke ci gaba da aiki akan sabobin. Don haka, waɗannan su ne mafi kyawun abubuwan amfani don sa ido a kansu.
Waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna ba da kyakkyawar hanya don saka idanu akan abin da masu amfani ke yi, waɗanne umarni suke aiwatarwa, yawancin albarkatun da suke cinyewa, da tsawon lokacin da masu amfani ke aiki akan tsarin. Wani fasali mai amfani shine, yana ba da jimlar albarkatun da ayyuka ke cinyewa kamar Apache, MySQL, FTP, SSH, da sauransu.
[ Hakanan kuna iya son: Yadda ake saka idanu kan Dokokin Linux waɗanda Masu amfani da tsarin ke aiwatarwa a cikin ainihin lokaci]
Ina tsammanin wannan shine ɗayan manyan abubuwan amfani da ake buƙata don kowane Linux/Unix System Administrator, wanda ke son ci gaba da lura da ayyukan masu amfani akan sabar su/tsarinsu.
Kunshin psacct ko acct yana ba da fasali da yawa don sa ido kan ayyukan tsari.
- ac umurnin yana buga ƙididdiga na masu shiga/fita (lokacin haɗawa) cikin sa'o'i.
- umarnin lastcomm yana buga bayanan umarnin mai amfani da aka aiwatar a baya.
- Ana amfani da umarnin acton don kunnawa/kashe tsari don lissafin kuɗi.
- sa umurnin yana taƙaita bayanin umarnin da aka aiwatar a baya.
- Dokokin ƙarshe da na ƙarshe sun nuna jerin sunayen masu amfani na ƙarshe da suka shiga.
Shigar da fakitin psacct ko acct a cikin Linux
psacct da acct duka fakiti iri ɗaya ne kuma babu bambanci sosai a tsakanin su, amma fakitin psacct yana samuwa ne kawai don rarraba tushen rpm kamar RHEL, CentOS, da Fedora, yayin da kunshin acct yana samuwa don rarrabawa kamar Ubuntu, Debian, da Linux Mint.
Don shigar da fakitin psacct ƙarƙashin rarrabawar tushen rpm suna ba da umarnin yum mai zuwa.
# yum install psacct
Don shigar da kunshin acct ta amfani da umarnin da ya dace a ƙarƙashin Ubuntu/Debian/Linux Mint.
$ sudo apt install acct
A kan sauran rarrabawar Linux, zaku iya shigar da shi kamar yadda aka nuna.
$ sudo apk add psacct [On Alpine Linux] $ sudo pacman -S acct [On Arch Linux] $ sudo zypper install acct [On OpenSUSE]
Ta hanyar tsoho, sabis ɗin psacct yana cikin yanayin naƙasasshe kuma kuna buƙatar fara shi da hannu ƙarƙashin rarrabawar tushen RHEL. Yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa don bincika matsayin sabis ɗin.
$ sudo systemctl status psacct
Kuna ganin matsayi yana nunawa azaman nakasassu, don haka bari mu fara shi da hannu ta amfani da umarni masu zuwa, wanda zai haifar da fayil /var/account/pacct.
$ sudo systemctl start psacct $ sudo systemctl enable psacct $ sudo systemctl status psacct
A ƙarƙashin Ubuntu, Debian, da sabis na Mint an fara ta atomatik, ba kwa buƙatar sake farawa da shi.
Nuna Ƙididdiga na Lokacin Haɗin Masu Amfani
ac umarni ba tare da ƙayyadaddun kowane gardama ba zai nuna jimlar ƙididdiga na lokacin haɗawa a cikin sa'o'i dangane da shigar da mai amfani/fita daga fayil ɗin wtmp na yanzu.
# ac total 11299.15
Nuna Ƙididdiga na Masu Amfani da Linux Ranar-hikima
Yin amfani da umurnin ac -d zai buga jimlar lokacin shiga cikin sa'o'i a kowace rana.
# ac -d Jun 25 total 0.19 Oct 13 total 14.45 Oct 27 total 672.00 Oct 28 total 15.82 Nov 3 total 4.29 Nov 5 total 10.13 Dec 7 total 14.04 Dec 10 total 23.60 Dec 27 total 808.93 Jan 3 total 12.31 Mar 3 total 1438.67 Jul 22 total 6767.81 Today total 1517.09
Nuna Jimlar Lokacin Shiga Duk Masu Amfani da Linux
Yin amfani da umarnin “ac -p” zai buga jimlar lokacin shiga kowane mai amfani da Linux a cikin sa’o’i.
# ac -p rockylinux 425.61 tecmint 702.29 root 10171.54 total 11299.44
Nuna Lokacin Login User Linux
Don samun jimlar adadin lokacin shiga mai amfani tecmint a cikin sa'o'i, yi amfani da umarnin azaman.
# ac tecmint
total 702.29
Nuna Lokacin Shiga Mai Hikima Rana
Umurnin da ke biyowa zai buga jimlar lokacin shiga mai amfani “tecmint” cikin hikimar rana cikin sa'o'i.
# ac -d tecmint
Oct 11 total 8.01 Oct 12 total 24.00 Oct 15 total 70.50 Oct 16 total 23.57 Oct 17 total 24.00 Oct 18 total 18.70 Nov 20 total 0.18
Buga Duk Umurnin Linux da Masu amfani suka aiwatar
Ana amfani da umarnin “sa” don buga taƙaitaccen umarnin da masu amfani suka aiwatar.
# sa
2 9.86re 0.00cp 2466k sshd* 8 1.05re 0.00cp 1064k man 2 10.08re 0.00cp 2562k sshd 12 0.00re 0.00cp 1298k psacct 2 0.00re 0.00cp 1575k troff 14 0.00re 0.00cp 503k ac 10 0.00re 0.00cp 1264k psacct* 10 0.00re 0.00cp 466k consoletype 9 0.00re 0.00cp 509k sa 8 0.02re 0.00cp 769k udisks-helper-a 6 0.00re 0.00cp 1057k touch 6 0.00re 0.00cp 592k gzip 6 0.00re 0.00cp 465k accton 4 1.05re 0.00cp 1264k sh* 4 0.00re 0.00cp 1264k nroff* 2 1.05re 0.00cp 1264k sh 2 1.05re 0.00cp 1120k less 2 0.00re 0.00cp 1346k groff 2 0.00re 0.00cp 1383k grotty 2 0.00re 0.00cp 1053k mktemp 2 0.00re 0.00cp 1030k iconv 2 0.00re 0.00cp 1023k rm 2 0.00re 0.00cp 1020k cat 2 0.00re 0.00cp 1018k locale 2 0.00re 0.00cp 802k gtbl
Bayanin fitowar umarni na sama:
- 9.86re shine “ainihin lokacin” kamar kowane mintuna agogon bango
- 0.01cp jimlar tsarin/lokacin mai amfani ne a cikin mintuna cpu
- 2466k shine matsakaicin matsakaicin lokacin CPU, watau raka'a 1k
- sshd sunan umarni
Buga Bayanin Mai Amfani na Linux
Don samun bayanin mai amfani ɗaya, yi amfani da zaɓuɓɓukan -u.
# sa -u
root 0.00 cpu 465k mem accton root 0.00 cpu 1057k mem touch root 0.00 cpu 1298k mem psacct root 0.00 cpu 466k mem consoletype root 0.00 cpu 1264k mem psacct * root 0.00 cpu 1298k mem psacct root 0.00 cpu 466k mem consoletype root 0.00 cpu 1264k mem psacct * root 0.00 cpu 1298k mem psacct root 0.00 cpu 466k mem consoletype root 0.00 cpu 1264k mem psacct * root 0.00 cpu 465k mem accton root 0.00 cpu 1057k mem touch
Buga Adadin Ayyukan Linux
Wannan umarnin yana buga jimlar adadin matakai da mintuna na CPU. Idan kun ga ci gaba da karuwa a waɗannan lambobi, to lokaci ya yi da za a duba tsarin game da abin da ke faruwa.
# sa -m
sshd 2 9.86re 0.00cp 2466k root 127 14.29re 0.00cp 909k
Buga da Rarraba Amfani da Kashi
Umurnin sa -c yana nuna mafi girman yawan masu amfani.
# sa -c
132 100.00% 24.16re 100.00% 0.01cp 100.00% 923k 2 1.52% 9.86re 40.83% 0.00cp 53.33% 2466k sshd* 8 6.06% 1.05re 4.34% 0.00cp 20.00% 1064k man 2 1.52% 10.08re 41.73% 0.00cp 13.33% 2562k sshd 12 9.09% 0.00re 0.01% 0.00cp 6.67% 1298k psacct 2 1.52% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 6.67% 1575k troff 18 13.64% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 509k sa 14 10.61% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 503k ac 10 7.58% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 1264k psacct* 10 7.58% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 466k consoletype 8 6.06% 0.02re 0.07% 0.00cp 0.00% 769k udisks-helper-a 6 4.55% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 1057k touch 6 4.55% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 592k gzip 6 4.55% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 465k accton 4 3.03% 1.05re 4.34% 0.00cp 0.00% 1264k sh* 4 3.03% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 1264k nroff* 2 1.52% 1.05re 4.34% 0.00cp 0.00% 1264k sh 2 1.52% 1.05re 4.34% 0.00cp 0.00% 1120k less 2 1.52% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 1346k groff 2 1.52% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 1383k grotty 2 1.52% 0.00re 0.00% 0.00cp 0.00% 1053k mktemp
Lissafa Dokokin Mai Amfani Na Ƙarshe
Ana amfani da umarnin 'latcomm' don bincika da nuna bayanan umarnin mai amfani da aka aiwatar a baya. Hakanan zaka iya bincika umarnin sunayen masu amfani guda ɗaya. Misali, muna ganin umarnin mai amfani (tecmint).
# lastcomm tecmint
su tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 ls tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 ls tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 ls tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 bash F tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 id tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 grep tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 grep tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 bash F tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 dircolors tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 bash F tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 tput tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 tty tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 bash F tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 id tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 bash F tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 id tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
Bincika rajistan ayyukan umarni
Tare da taimakon umarni na ƙarshe, zaku iya duba amfanin kowane umarni na kowane mutum.
# lastcomm ls
ls tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 ls tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56 ls tecmint pts/0 0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
Don ƙarin bayani da amfani, duba shafukan hannu na waɗannan kayan aikin.