Saka idanu Ayyukan Masu Amfani da Linux tare da psacct ko Acct Tools


psacct ko acct duka kayan aikin buɗaɗɗe ne don sa ido kan ayyukan masu amfani akan tsarin Linux. Waɗannan abubuwan amfani suna gudana a bango kuma suna lura da ayyukan kowane mai amfani akan tsarin ku da kuma abubuwan da ake amfani da su.

Ni da kaina na yi amfani da waɗannan kayan aikin a cikin kamfaninmu, muna da ƙungiyar haɓaka inda masu haɓaka mu ke ci gaba da aiki akan sabobin. Don haka, waɗannan su ne mafi kyawun abubuwan amfani don sa ido a kansu.

Waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna ba da kyakkyawar hanya don saka idanu akan abin da masu amfani ke yi, waɗanne umarni suke aiwatarwa, yawancin albarkatun da suke cinyewa, da tsawon lokacin da masu amfani ke aiki akan tsarin. Wani fasali mai amfani shine, yana ba da jimlar albarkatun da ayyuka ke cinyewa kamar Apache, MySQL, FTP, SSH, da sauransu.

[ Hakanan kuna iya son: Yadda ake saka idanu kan Dokokin Linux waɗanda Masu amfani da tsarin ke aiwatarwa a cikin ainihin lokaci]

Ina tsammanin wannan shine ɗayan manyan abubuwan amfani da ake buƙata don kowane Linux/Unix System Administrator, wanda ke son ci gaba da lura da ayyukan masu amfani akan sabar su/tsarinsu.

Kunshin psacct ko acct yana ba da fasali da yawa don sa ido kan ayyukan tsari.

  • ac umurnin yana buga ƙididdiga na masu shiga/fita (lokacin haɗawa) cikin sa'o'i.
  • umarnin lastcomm yana buga bayanan umarnin mai amfani da aka aiwatar a baya.
  • Ana amfani da umarnin acton don kunnawa/kashe tsari don lissafin kuɗi.
  • sa umurnin yana taƙaita bayanin umarnin da aka aiwatar a baya.
  • Dokokin ƙarshe da na ƙarshe sun nuna jerin sunayen masu amfani na ƙarshe da suka shiga.

Shigar da fakitin psacct ko acct a cikin Linux

psacct da acct duka fakiti iri ɗaya ne kuma babu bambanci sosai a tsakanin su, amma fakitin psacct yana samuwa ne kawai don rarraba tushen rpm kamar RHEL, CentOS, da Fedora, yayin da kunshin acct yana samuwa don rarrabawa kamar Ubuntu, Debian, da Linux Mint.

Don shigar da fakitin psacct ƙarƙashin rarrabawar tushen rpm suna ba da umarnin yum mai zuwa.

# yum install psacct

Don shigar da kunshin acct ta amfani da umarnin da ya dace a ƙarƙashin Ubuntu/Debian/Linux Mint.

$ sudo apt install acct

A kan sauran rarrabawar Linux, zaku iya shigar da shi kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ sudo apk add psacct          [On Alpine Linux]
$ sudo pacman -S acct          [On Arch Linux]
$ sudo zypper install acct     [On OpenSUSE]    

Ta hanyar tsoho, sabis ɗin psacct yana cikin yanayin naƙasasshe kuma kuna buƙatar fara shi da hannu ƙarƙashin rarrabawar tushen RHEL. Yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa don bincika matsayin sabis ɗin.

$ sudo systemctl status psacct

Kuna ganin matsayi yana nunawa azaman nakasassu, don haka bari mu fara shi da hannu ta amfani da umarni masu zuwa, wanda zai haifar da fayil /var/account/pacct.

$ sudo systemctl start psacct
$ sudo systemctl enable psacct
$ sudo systemctl status psacct

A ƙarƙashin Ubuntu, Debian, da sabis na Mint an fara ta atomatik, ba kwa buƙatar sake farawa da shi.

Nuna Ƙididdiga na Lokacin Haɗin Masu Amfani

ac umarni ba tare da ƙayyadaddun kowane gardama ba zai nuna jimlar ƙididdiga na lokacin haɗawa a cikin sa'o'i dangane da shigar da mai amfani/fita daga fayil ɗin wtmp na yanzu.

# ac

total     11299.15

Nuna Ƙididdiga na Masu Amfani da Linux Ranar-hikima

Yin amfani da umurnin ac -d zai buga jimlar lokacin shiga cikin sa'o'i a kowace rana.

# ac -d

Jun 25	total        0.19
Oct 13	total       14.45
Oct 27	total      672.00
Oct 28	total       15.82
Nov  3	total        4.29
Nov  5	total       10.13
Dec  7	total       14.04
Dec 10	total       23.60
Dec 27	total      808.93
Jan  3	total       12.31
Mar  3	total     1438.67
Jul 22	total     6767.81
Today	total     1517.09

Nuna Jimlar Lokacin Shiga Duk Masu Amfani da Linux

Yin amfani da umarnin “ac -p” zai buga jimlar lokacin shiga kowane mai amfani da Linux a cikin sa’o’i.

# ac -p

	rockylinux                         425.61
	tecmint                            702.29
	root                             10171.54
	total    11299.44

Nuna Lokacin Login User Linux

Don samun jimlar adadin lokacin shiga mai amfani tecmint a cikin sa'o'i, yi amfani da umarnin azaman.

# ac tecmint
 total      702.29

Nuna Lokacin Shiga Mai Hikima Rana

Umurnin da ke biyowa zai buga jimlar lokacin shiga mai amfani “tecmint” cikin hikimar rana cikin sa'o'i.

# ac -d tecmint
Oct 11  total        8.01
Oct 12  total       24.00
Oct 15  total       70.50
Oct 16  total       23.57
Oct 17  total       24.00
Oct 18  total       18.70
Nov 20  total        0.18

Buga Duk Umurnin Linux da Masu amfani suka aiwatar

Ana amfani da umarnin “sa” don buga taƙaitaccen umarnin da masu amfani suka aiwatar.

# sa
       2       9.86re       0.00cp     2466k   sshd*
       8       1.05re       0.00cp     1064k   man
       2      10.08re       0.00cp     2562k   sshd
      12       0.00re       0.00cp     1298k   psacct
       2       0.00re       0.00cp     1575k   troff
      14       0.00re       0.00cp      503k   ac
      10       0.00re       0.00cp     1264k   psacct*
      10       0.00re       0.00cp      466k   consoletype
       9       0.00re       0.00cp      509k   sa
       8       0.02re       0.00cp      769k   udisks-helper-a
       6       0.00re       0.00cp     1057k   touch
       6       0.00re       0.00cp      592k   gzip
       6       0.00re       0.00cp      465k   accton
       4       1.05re       0.00cp     1264k   sh*
       4       0.00re       0.00cp     1264k   nroff*
       2       1.05re       0.00cp     1264k   sh
       2       1.05re       0.00cp     1120k   less
       2       0.00re       0.00cp     1346k   groff
       2       0.00re       0.00cp     1383k   grotty
       2       0.00re       0.00cp     1053k   mktemp
       2       0.00re       0.00cp     1030k   iconv
       2       0.00re       0.00cp     1023k   rm
       2       0.00re       0.00cp     1020k   cat
       2       0.00re       0.00cp     1018k   locale
       2       0.00re       0.00cp      802k   gtbl

Bayanin fitowar umarni na sama:

  • 9.86re shine “ainihin lokacin” kamar kowane mintuna agogon bango
  • 0.01cp jimlar tsarin/lokacin mai amfani ne a cikin mintuna cpu
  • 2466k shine matsakaicin matsakaicin lokacin CPU, watau raka'a 1k
  • sshd sunan umarni

Buga Bayanin Mai Amfani na Linux

Don samun bayanin mai amfani ɗaya, yi amfani da zaɓuɓɓukan -u.

# sa -u
root       0.00 cpu      465k mem accton
root       0.00 cpu     1057k mem touch
root       0.00 cpu     1298k mem psacct
root       0.00 cpu      466k mem consoletype
root       0.00 cpu     1264k mem psacct           *
root       0.00 cpu     1298k mem psacct
root       0.00 cpu      466k mem consoletype
root       0.00 cpu     1264k mem psacct           *
root       0.00 cpu     1298k mem psacct
root       0.00 cpu      466k mem consoletype
root       0.00 cpu     1264k mem psacct           *
root       0.00 cpu      465k mem accton
root       0.00 cpu     1057k mem touch

Buga Adadin Ayyukan Linux

Wannan umarnin yana buga jimlar adadin matakai da mintuna na CPU. Idan kun ga ci gaba da karuwa a waɗannan lambobi, to lokaci ya yi da za a duba tsarin game da abin da ke faruwa.

# sa -m
sshd                                    2       9.86re       0.00cp     2466k
root                                  127      14.29re       0.00cp      909k

Buga da Rarraba Amfani da Kashi

Umurnin sa -c yana nuna mafi girman yawan masu amfani.

# sa -c
 132  100.00%      24.16re  100.00%       0.01cp  100.00%      923k
       2    1.52%       9.86re   40.83%       0.00cp   53.33%     2466k   sshd*
       8    6.06%       1.05re    4.34%       0.00cp   20.00%     1064k   man
       2    1.52%      10.08re   41.73%       0.00cp   13.33%     2562k   sshd
      12    9.09%       0.00re    0.01%       0.00cp    6.67%     1298k   psacct
       2    1.52%       0.00re    0.00%       0.00cp    6.67%     1575k   troff
      18   13.64%       0.00re    0.00%       0.00cp    0.00%      509k   sa
      14   10.61%       0.00re    0.00%       0.00cp    0.00%      503k   ac
      10    7.58%       0.00re    0.00%       0.00cp    0.00%     1264k   psacct*
      10    7.58%       0.00re    0.00%       0.00cp    0.00%      466k   consoletype
       8    6.06%       0.02re    0.07%       0.00cp    0.00%      769k   udisks-helper-a
       6    4.55%       0.00re    0.00%       0.00cp    0.00%     1057k   touch
       6    4.55%       0.00re    0.00%       0.00cp    0.00%      592k   gzip
       6    4.55%       0.00re    0.00%       0.00cp    0.00%      465k   accton
       4    3.03%       1.05re    4.34%       0.00cp    0.00%     1264k   sh*
       4    3.03%       0.00re    0.00%       0.00cp    0.00%     1264k   nroff*
       2    1.52%       1.05re    4.34%       0.00cp    0.00%     1264k   sh
       2    1.52%       1.05re    4.34%       0.00cp    0.00%     1120k   less
       2    1.52%       0.00re    0.00%       0.00cp    0.00%     1346k   groff
       2    1.52%       0.00re    0.00%       0.00cp    0.00%     1383k   grotty
       2    1.52%       0.00re    0.00%       0.00cp    0.00%     1053k   mktemp

Lissafa Dokokin Mai Amfani Na Ƙarshe

Ana amfani da umarnin 'latcomm' don bincika da nuna bayanan umarnin mai amfani da aka aiwatar a baya. Hakanan zaka iya bincika umarnin sunayen masu amfani guda ɗaya. Misali, muna ganin umarnin mai amfani (tecmint).

# lastcomm tecmint
su                      tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
ls                      tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
ls                      tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
ls                      tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
bash               F    tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
id                      tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
grep                    tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
grep                    tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
bash               F    tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
dircolors               tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
bash               F    tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
tput                    tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
tty                     tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
bash               F    tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
id                      tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
bash               F    tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
id                      tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56

Bincika rajistan ayyukan umarni

Tare da taimakon umarni na ƙarshe, zaku iya duba amfanin kowane umarni na kowane mutum.

# lastcomm ls
ls                      tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
ls                      tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56
ls                      tecmint  pts/0      0.00 secs Wed Feb 13 15:56

Don ƙarin bayani da amfani, duba shafukan hannu na waɗannan kayan aikin.