Yadda ake Gudanar da Sadarwa tare da NetworkManager a cikin RHEL/CentOS 8


A cikin RHEL da CentOS 8 ana gudanar da sabis ɗin sadarwar ta hanyar NetworkManager daemon kuma ana amfani dashi don daidaitawa da sarrafa na'urorin cibiyar sadarwa da kiyaye haɗin kai sama da aiki lokacin da suke akwai.

NetworkManager ya zo tare da fa'idodi da yawa kamar tallafi don sauƙin kafa cibiyar sadarwa da gudanarwa ta amfani da layin umarni-umarni da kayan aikin mai amfani da hoto, yana ba da API ta hanyar D-Bus wanda ke ba da izinin tambaya da sarrafa tsarin hanyar sadarwa, tallafi don daidaitawar sanyi da ƙari mai yawa.

Bayan haka, ana iya saita NetworkManager ta amfani da fayiloli, da Cockpit gidan yanar gizo kuma yana tallafawa amfani da rubutun al'ada don farawa ko dakatar da wasu ayyuka dangane da yanayin haɗi.

Kafin mu ci gaba, masu zuwa wasu mahimman mahimman bayanai ne don lura game da sadarwar a cikin CentOS/RHEL 8:

  • Tsarin gargajiya ifcfg iri (misali. ifcfg-eth0, ifcfg-enp0s3) fayiloli har yanzu ana tallafawa.
  • An daina amfani da rubutun hanyar sadarwa kuma ba a samar da su ta asali.
  • minimalan ƙaramin shigarwa yana samar da sabon juzu'in rubutun ifup da ifdown wanda ke kiran NetworkManager ta hanyar kayan aikin nmcli.
  • Don gudanar da rubutun ifup da ifdown, NetworkManager dole ne ya kasance yana gudana.

Shigar da NetworkManager akan CentOS/RHEL 8

NetworkManager yakamata ya kasance an girka a kan shigarwa na asali na CentOS/RHEL 8, in ba haka ba, kuna iya shigar da shi ta amfani da mai sarrafa kunshin DNF kamar yadda aka nuna.

# dnf install NetworkManager

Fayil din daidaita duniya don NetworkManager yana a /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf kuma ana iya samun ƙarin fayilolin sanyi a cikin/sauransu/NetworkManager /.

Gudanar da Gidan yanar gizo Mai Gudanar da Amfani da Systemctl akan CentOS/RHEL 8

A cikin CentOS/RHEL 8, da sauran tsarin Linux na zamani waɗanda suka karɓi tsarin (tsarin da manajan sabis), ana gudanar da ayyuka ta amfani da kayan aikin systemctl.

Wadannan suna da amfani tsarin umarni na systemctl don gudanar da sabis ɗin NetworkManager.

Minimalarancin shigarwa na CentOS/RHEL 8 yakamata a fara NetworkManager kuma a kunna shi ta atomatik a lokacin taya, ta tsohuwa. Kuna iya amfani da waɗannan ƙa'idodi don bincika idan NetworkManager yana aiki, an kunna shi, kuma yana buga bayanan lokacin aikin NetworkManager.

# systemctl is-active NetworkManager
# systemctl is-enabled NetworkManager
# systemctl status NetworkManager 

Idan NetworkManager baya aiki, zaka iya farawa ta kawai a guje.

# systemctl start NetworkManager

Don dakatarwa ko kashe Gidan Gidan Gidan Sabis saboda dalili ɗaya ko ɗaya, ba da umarnin mai zuwa.

# systemctl stop NetworkManager

Idan kayi wasu canje-canje ga fayilolin daidaitawa na dubawa ko kuma daidaitawar NetworkManager daemon (galibi yana karkashin/etc/NetworkManager/directory), zaku iya sake farawa (tsayawa sannan ku fara) NetworkManager don amfani da canje-canje kamar yadda aka nuna.

# systemctl restart NetworkManager

Don sake shigar da tsarin NetworkManager daemon (amma ba fayil ɗin tsarin daidaitaccen tsarin ba) ba tare da sake kunna sabis ɗin ba, gudanar da wannan umarni.

# systemctl reload NetworkManager

Amfani da Kayan aikin NetworkManager da Aiki tare da fayilolin ifcfg

NetworkManager yana tallafawa wasu kayan aikin don masu amfani suyi hulɗa da shi, waɗanda sune:

  1. nmcli - kayan aikin layin umarni ne wanda ake amfani dashi don daidaita hanyar sadarwa.
  2. nmtui - mai sauƙin amfani da keɓaɓɓen rubutu na amfani da rubutu, wanda kuma ana amfani dashi don daidaitawa da sarrafa haɗin haɗin keɓaɓɓen aiki.
  3. Sauran kayan aikin sun hada da nm-connection-edita, cibiyar sarrafawa, da kuma alamar haxin cibiyar sadarwa (duk a karkashin GUI).

Don lissafin na'urorin da NetworkManager ya gano, gudanar da umurnin nmcli.

 
# nmcli device 
OR
# nmcli device status

Don duba duk haɗin haɗin aiki, gudanar da umarni mai zuwa (lura cewa ba tare da -a ba, yana lissafa bayanan haɗin haɗin da ke akwai).

# nmcli connection show -a

Fayilolin takamaiman hanyar sadarwar hanyar sadarwa suna cikin// etc/sysconfig/rubutun-hanyar sadarwa/shugabanci. Kuna iya shirya ɗayan waɗannan fayilolin, misali, don saita adreshin IP tsaye don sabarku ta CentOS/RHEL 8.

# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3

Anan ga samfurin samfurin don saita adreshin IP tsaye.

TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=none
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=enp0s3
UUID=e81c46b7-441a-4a63-b695-75d8fe633511
DEVICE=enp0s3
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.0.110
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.0.1
DNS1=8.8.8.8
PEERDNS=no

Bayan adana canje-canjen, kuna buƙatar sake loda duk bayanan haɗin haɗi ko sake farawa NetworkManager don sabbin canje-canje da za a yi amfani dasu.

# nmcli connection reload
OR
# systemctl restart NetworkManager

Farawa ko Dakatar da Sabis ɗin Hanyar Sadarwa/Rubutun Bisa Haɗuwa da hanyar sadarwa

NetworkManager yana da zaɓi mai amfani wanda ke bawa masu amfani damar aiwatar da ayyuka (kamar NFS, SMB, da dai sauransu) ko kuma saukakkun rubutun dangane da haɗin cibiyar sadarwa.

Misali, idan kanaso ka hau hannun jarin NFS kai tsaye bayan canzawa tsakanin cibiyoyin sadarwa. Kuna iya so a aiwatar da irin waɗannan ayyukan sadarwar har sai NetworkManager ya fara aiki (duk haɗin suna aiki).

Ana ba da wannan fasalin ta hanyar sabis ɗin aikawa na NetworkManager (wanda dole ne a fara kuma a kunna shi don farawa ta atomatik a tsarin taya). Da zarar sabis ɗin yana gudana, za ka iya ƙara rubutun ka a cikin adireshin /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d.

Duk rubutun dole ne a aiwatar dasu kuma za'a iya rubuta su, kuma mallakar tushe, misali:

# chown root:root /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/10-nfs-mount.sh
# chmod 755 /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/10-nfs-mount.sh

Muhimmi: Za a aiwatar da rubutun mai aikawa a cikin tsarin haruffa a lokacin haɗin su, kuma a cikin tsarin haruffa a baya a lokutan cire haɗin.

Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, rubutattun hanyoyin sadarwa suna lalacewa a cikin CentOS/RHEL 8 kuma basa zuwa shigar da tsoho. Idan har yanzu kuna son amfani da rubutun cibiyar sadarwar, kuna buƙatar shigar da kunshin haɗin yanar gizo.

# yum install network-scripts

Da zarar an shigar, wannan kunshin yana samar da sabon juzu'in rubutun ifup da ifdown wanda ke kiran NetworkManager ta kayan aikin nmcli da muka kalla a sama. Lura cewa NetworkManager yakamata yana gudana a gare ku don gudanar da waɗannan rubutun.

Don ƙarin bayani, duba shafukan yanar gizo systemctl da NetworkManager.

# man systemctl
# man NetworkManager

Wannan duk abin da muka shirya a wannan labarin. Kuna iya neman bayani akan kowane ɗayan maki ko yin tambayoyi ko yin ƙari akan wannan jagorar ta hanyar hanyar ba da amsa da ke ƙasa.