Hanyoyi 4 Don Gano Abin da Tashoshi ke Sauraro a Linux

Yanayin tashar jiragen ruwa ko dai a bude yake, ko tacewa, rufe, ko kuma ba a tacewa ba. An ce tashar jiragen ruwa tana buɗewa idan aikace-aikacen da ke kan na'urar da aka yi niyya tana sauraron haɗin gwiwa/fakiti akan tashar.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bayyana hanyoyi huɗu don bincika wuraren budewa kuma za mu nuna muku yadda ake samun aikace-aikacen da ke saurare akan wace tashar jiragen ruwa a Linux.

1. Amfani da Dokar Netstat

Netstat kayan aiki ne da ake amfani da shi sosai don neman bayanai game da tsarin sadarwar Linux. Kuna iya amfani da shi don buga duk buɗaɗɗen tashoshin jiragen ruwa kamar haka:

$ sudo netstat -ltup 

Tutar -l tana gaya wa netstat don buga duk soket ɗin sauraro, -t yana nuna duk haɗin TCP, -u yana nuna duk haɗin UDP da -pyana ba da damar buga aikace-aikace/suna sauraron shirye-shiryen akan tashar jiragen ruwa.

Don buga ƙimar lambobi maimakon sunayen sabis, ƙara alamar -n.

$ sudo netstat -lntup

Hakanan zaka iya amfani da umarnin grep don gano ko wane aikace-aikacen ne ke sauraro akan tashar tashar jiragen ruwa, misali.

$ sudo netstat -lntup | grep "nginx"

A madadin, zaku iya ƙayyade tashar jiragen ruwa kuma nemo aikace-aikacen daure zuwa, kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ sudo netstat -lntup | grep ":80"

2. Amfani da ss Command

Umurnin ss wani kayan aiki ne mai amfani don nuna bayanai game da soket. Fitowar ta yayi kama da na netstat. Umurnin da ke biyowa zai nuna duk tashoshin sauraro don haɗin TCP da UDP a ƙimar lamba.

$ sudo ss -lntu

3. Amfani da Nmap Command

Nmap babban kayan aiki ne mai ƙarfi kuma sanannen kayan aikin binciken cibiyar sadarwa da na'urar daukar hoto ta tashar jiragen ruwa. Don shigar da nmap akan tsarin ku, yi amfani da tsoho mai sarrafa fakitin ku kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ sudo apt install nmap  [On Debian/Ubuntu]
$ sudo yum install nmap  [On CentOS/RHEL]
$ sudo dnf install nmap  [On Fedora 22+]

Don bincika duk tashoshin buɗewa/sauraro a cikin tsarin Linux ɗinku, gudanar da umarni mai zuwa (wanda ya ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo don kammalawa).

$ sudo nmap -n -PN -sT -sU -p- localhost

4. Amfani da lsof Command

Kayan aiki na ƙarshe da za mu rufe don neman buɗaɗɗen tashoshin jiragen ruwa shine komai fayil ne a cikin Unix/Linux, buɗaɗɗen fayil na iya zama rafi ko fayil ɗin cibiyar sadarwa.

Don jera duk fayilolin Intanet da na cibiyar sadarwa, yi amfani da zaɓin -i. Lura cewa wannan umarni yana nuna haɗakar sunayen sabis da tashar jiragen ruwa na lamba.

$ sudo lsof -i

Don nemo wanne aikace-aikacen da ke sauraro akan takamaiman tashar jiragen ruwa, gudanar da lsof a cikin wannan fom.

$ sudo lsof -i :80

Shi ke nan! A cikin wannan labarin, mun bayyana hanyoyi huɗu don bincika buɗaɗɗen tashar jiragen ruwa a cikin Linux. Mun kuma nuna yadda ake bincika waɗanne matakai ne ke daure kan takamaiman tashar jiragen ruwa. Kuna iya raba ra'ayoyinku ko yin kowace tambaya ta hanyar amsawar da ke ƙasa.