4 Abubuwan Amfani don Gudun Umarni akan Sabar Linux da yawa


A cikin wannan labarin, za mu nuna yadda ake gudanar da umarni akan sabar Linux da yawa a lokaci guda. Za mu yi bayanin yadda ake amfani da wasu sanannun kayan aikin da aka tsara don aiwatar da maimaita jerin umarni akan sabar da yawa a lokaci guda. Wannan jagorar yana da amfani ga masu gudanar da tsarin waɗanda yawanci dole ne su duba lafiyar sabar Linux da yawa kowace rana.

Don manufar wannan labarin, muna ɗauka cewa kun riga kun sami saitin SSH don samun dama ga duk sabar ku kuma na biyu, lokacin samun dama ga sabar da yawa a lokaci guda, ya dace a saita kalmar sirri ta tushen SSH akan duk sabar Linux ɗin ku. Wannan sama da duka yana haɓaka tsaro na uwar garken kuma yana ba da damar sauƙin shiga.

1. PSSH - Daidaitaccen SSH

parallel-scp, parallel-rsync, parallel-slurp da parallel-nuke (karanta shafin mutum na wani kayan aiki na musamman don ƙarin bayani).

Don shigar parallel-ssh, kuna buƙatar fara shigar da PIP akan tsarin Linux ɗin ku.

$ sudo apt install python-pip python-setuptools 	#Debian/Ubuntu 
# yum install python-pip python-setuptools	        #RHEL/CentOS 
# dnf install python-pip python-setuptools	        #Fedora 22+

Sannan shigar da parallel-ssh ta amfani da pip kamar haka.

$ sudo pip install parallel-ssh

Na gaba, shigar da sunaye ko adiresoshin IP na uwar garken Linux mai nisa tare da tashar SSH a cikin fayil da ake kira runduna (zaku iya sanya masa duk abin da kuke so):

$ vim hosts
192.168.0.10:22
192.168.0.11:22
192.168.0.12:22

Ajiye fayil ɗin kuma rufe shi.

Yanzu gudanar da parallel-ssh, saka fayil ɗin runduna ta amfani da zaɓin -h da umarni(s) waɗanda za a aiwatar akan duk takamaiman sabar. Tutar -i tana nufin nunin fitarwar std da kuskuren std yayin aiwatar da umarni akan kowace uwar garken.

$ parallel-ssh -h hosts "uptime; df -h"

Hakanan yakamata ku duba: Yadda ake Gudun Dokoki da yawa akan Sabar Linux da yawa

2. Pdsh – Parallel Remote Shell Utility

Pdsh buɗaɗɗen tushe ne, kayan aikin harsashi mai sauƙi na layi ɗaya don aiwatar da umarni akan sabar Linux da yawa a lokaci guda. Yana amfani da taga zaren zare don aiwatar da umarni mai nisa.

Don shigar da Pdsh akan injunan Linux ɗin ku, gudanar da umarnin da ya dace a ƙasa.

$ sudo apt install pdsh 	#Debian/Ubuntu 
# yum install pdsh	        #RHEL/CentOS 
# dnf install pdsh              #Fedora 22+

Don gudanar da umarni akan sabar da yawa, ƙara sabar zuwa fayil ɗin runduna kamar yadda bayani ya gabata. Sannan kunna pdsh kamar yadda aka nuna; ana amfani da tutar -w don tantance fayil ɗin runduna, kuma ana amfani da -R don ƙididdige tsarin umarni na nesa (akwai tsarin umarni na nesa sun haɗa da ssh, rsh, exec, da tsoho shine rsh).

A kula da ^ gabanin fayil ɗin runduna.

$ pdsh -w ^hosts -R ssh "uptime; df -h"

Idan ba ku ƙididdige umarni mai nisa da za a aiwatar akan layin umarni kamar yadda aka nuna a sama, pdsh yana gudana ta hanyar mu'amala, yana motsa ku don umarni da gudanar da su lokacin da aka ƙare tare da dawowar karusa. Don ƙarin bayani, duba shafin mutumin pdsh:

$ man pdsh 

3. ClusterSSH

ClusterSSH kayan aikin layin umarni ne don gudanar da gungu na sabar sabar da yawa a lokaci guda. Yana ƙaddamar da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa da xterm zuwa duk takamaiman sabar da ke ba ku damar gudanar da umarni iri ɗaya akan dukkan su.

Don amfani da clusterssh, fara da shigar da ita akan kwamfutar Linux ɗin ku kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ sudo apt install clusterssh    #Debian/Ubuntu 
# yum install clusterssh         #RHEL/CentOS 
$ sudo dnf install clusterssh    #Fedora 22+

Yanzu da kun shigar dashi, buɗe admin console da xterm akan sabar nesa lokaci guda, kamar haka. Don gudanar da umarni akan duk sabar, danna cikin mashaya shigar xterm, sannan ka rubuta umarninka; don sarrafa runduna ɗaya, yi amfani da na'ura mai sarrafa ta.

$ clusterssh linode cserver contabo
OR
$ clusterssh [email  [email  [email  

Don ƙarin bayani, duba shafin clusterssh man:

$ man clusterssh

4. Mai yiwuwa

Mai yiwuwa buɗaɗɗen tushe ne kuma sanannen kayan aiki don sarrafa ayyukan IT. Ana amfani da shi don daidaitawa da sarrafa tsarin, ƙaddamar da aikace-aikace da ƙari mai yawa.

Don shigar da Mai yiwuwa akan tsarin Linux, gudanar da umarnin da ya dace a ƙasa:

$ sudo apt install ansible       #Debian/Ubuntu 
# yum install ansible            #RHEL/CentOS 
$ sudo dnf install ansible       #Fedora 22+

Da zarar kun shigar da mai yiwuwa, zaku iya ƙara sunan uwar garken ku ko adiresoshin IP a cikin fayil ɗin /etc/anasible/hosts.

$ sudo vim /etc/anasible/hosts

Ƙayyade su cikin ƙungiyoyi, misali sabar gidan yanar gizo.

# Ex 2: A collection of hosts belonging to the 'webservers' group
[webservers]
139.10.100.147
139.20.40.90
192.30.152.186

Ajiye fayil ɗin kuma rufe shi.

Yanzu don bincika lokacin aiki da masu amfani da aka haɗa zuwa duk sabar da aka ƙayyade a cikin rukunin yanar gizon yanar gizon, a cikin fayil ɗin saiti na runduna a sama, kawai gudanar da kayan aikin layin umarni kamar haka.

Ana amfani da zaɓukan -a don ƙididdige muhawarar da za a wuce zuwa ga tsarin kuma -u tuta tana ƙayyadadden sunan mai amfani don haɗawa da sabar mai nisa ta hanyar SSH.

Lura cewa kayan aikin CLI mai yiwuwa kawai yana ba ku damar aiwatar da mafi yawan umarni ɗaya kawai.

$ ansible webservers -a "w " -u admin

Shi ke nan! A cikin wannan labarin, mun bayyana yadda ake gudanar da umarni akan sabar Linux masu nisa da yawa a lokaci guda ta amfani da kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su sosai. Idan kun san kowane kayan aikin da ke can don wannan dalili, wanda ba mu haɗa cikin wannan labarin ba, sanar da mu ta hanyar sharhin da ke ƙasa.