Misalan Umurnin Ping na 12 don Masu Amfani da Linux
Ping abu ne mai sauƙi, amfani da ko'ina, mai amfani da hanyar sadarwar giciye don gwaji idan ana iya samun mai watsa shiri akan hanyar sadarwar Intanet Protocol (IP). Yana aiki ta hanyar aika jerin saƙon ECHO_REQUEST na Saƙon Saƙon Intanet (ICMP) zuwa ga wanda aka yi niyya kuma yana jiran amsawar ICMP (ko ECHO_RESPONSE).
Kuna iya gwada gwajin ping don tabbatar da ko kwamfutarku za ta iya sadarwa tare da wata kwamfuta (Mai masaukin baki); yana taimaka muku ƙayyade:
- ko ana iya kaiwa ga mai watsa shiri (mai aiki) ko a'a,
- don auna adadin lokacin da ake ɗauka don fakiti don isa wurin masaukin da aka yi niyya da komawa kan kwamfutarka (lokacin tafiya-tafiya (rtt) a cikin sadarwa tare da mai masaukin manufa) da
- asarar fakiti, wanda aka bayyana azaman kashi.
Fitowar sa jerin martani ne daga wanda aka yi niyya tare da lokacin da aka ɗauka don fakitin ƙarshe don isa wurin mai masaukin da aka yi niyya da komawa zuwa kwamfutarka. Hakanan yana nuna taƙaitaccen ƙididdiga na gwajin, yawanci gami da adadin fakitin da aka watsa da waɗanda aka karɓa, adadin asarar fakiti; mafi ƙanƙanta, matsakaicin, maƙasudin lokutan tafiya, da daidaitaccen karkatacciyar ma'anar (mdev). Idan gwajin ping ya gaza, zaku ga saƙonnin kuskure azaman fitarwa.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu yi bayanin misalan umarnin ping guda 12 masu amfani don gwada iyawar mai watsa shiri akan hanyar sadarwa.
Koyi Misalan Umurnin Ping
1. Za ku iya gudanar da gwajin ping mai sauƙi don ganin ko mai watsa shiri www.google.com yana iya isa ko a'a. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da adireshin IP maimakon sunan yanki kamar yadda aka nuna.
$ ping www.google.com OR $ ping 216.58.212.78
PING www.google.com (172.217.166.164) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from bom07s20-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.166.164): icmp_seq=1 ttl=57 time=2.40 ms 64 bytes from bom07s20-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.166.164): icmp_seq=2 ttl=57 time=2.48 ms 64 bytes from bom07s20-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.166.164): icmp_seq=3 ttl=57 time=2.43 ms 64 bytes from bom07s20-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.166.164): icmp_seq=4 ttl=57 time=2.35 ms ^C --- www.google.com ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3004ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 2.353/2.420/2.484/0.058 ms
Daga sakamakon umarnin da ke sama, ping ya yi nasara kuma babu fakiti da aka rasa. Abu ɗaya mai mahimmanci don lura da shi, a cikin fitowar gwajin ping shine lokacin a ƙarshen kowane amsa ping. Zaton kuna gudanar da gwajin ping zuwa sabobin ku, to darajar anan tana da mahimmanci, ya danganta da nau'in aikace-aikacen da kuke gudana akan sabar.
Idan, alal misali, kuna da aikace-aikacen yanar gizo inda buƙatun mai amfani guda ɗaya ya haifar da sakamako masu yawa zuwa ga bayanai (s) don samar da sakamako akan UI, to ƙaramin lokacin ping zuwa waccan uwar garken yana nuna ƙarin bayanai ana watsa ba tare da jinkirta kuma akasin haka.
2. Kuna iya tantance adadin ECHO_REQUEST's da za a aika bayan ping ya fita, ta amfani da alamar -c kamar yadda aka nuna (a wannan yanayin gwajin ping zai tsaya bayan aika fakiti 5).
$ ping -c 5 www.google.com PING www.google.com (172.217.163.36) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from maa05s01-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.163.36): icmp_seq=1 ttl=56 time=29.7 ms 64 bytes from maa05s01-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.163.36): icmp_seq=2 ttl=56 time=29.7 ms 64 bytes from maa05s01-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.163.36): icmp_seq=3 ttl=56 time=29.4 ms 64 bytes from maa05s01-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.163.36): icmp_seq=4 ttl=56 time=30.2 ms 64 bytes from maa05s01-in-f4.1e100.net (172.217.163.36): icmp_seq=5 ttl=56 time=29.6 ms --- www.google.com ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4004ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 29.499/29.781/30.285/0.307 ms
3. Tutar -i tana ba ku damar saita tazara a cikin daƙiƙa tsakanin aika kowane fakiti, ƙimar da aka saba da ita shine daƙiƙa ɗaya.
$ ping -i 3 -c 5 www.google.com
4. Don tantance martanin hanyar sadarwar ku a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai nauyi, zaku iya gudanar da \flood ping wanda ke aika buƙatun da sauri da sauri, ta amfani da maɓallin -f. Tushen ne kawai zai iya amfani da wannan. zaɓi, in ba haka ba, yi amfani da umarnin sudo don samun tushen gata.
$ sudo ping -f www.google.com OR $ sudo ping -f -i 3 www.google.com #specify interval between requests PING www.google.com (172.217.163.36) 56(84) bytes of data. .......................................................................................................................................................................................^C --- www.google.com ping statistics --- 2331 packets transmitted, 2084 received, 10% packet loss, time 34095ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 29.096/29.530/61.474/1.417 ms, pipe 4, ipg/ewma 14.633/29.341 ms
5. Kuna iya kunna kunna watsa shirye-shirye ta amfani da -b kamar yadda aka nuna.
$ ping -b 192.168.43.255
6. Don iyakance adadin hops na cibiyar sadarwa (TTL - Time-to-ray) da ke bincikar hanya, yi amfani da tutar -t. Kuna iya saita kowace ƙima tsakanin 1 da 255; Tsarukan aiki daban-daban suna saita kuskure daban-daban.
Kowane na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa da ya karɓi fakitin yana cire akalla 1 daga ƙidayar kuma idan adadin ya fi 0, mai na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa zai tura fakitin zuwa hop na gaba, in ba haka ba ya watsar da shi kuma ya aika da martani na ICMP zuwa kwamfutarka.
A cikin wannan misali, an wuce TTL kuma gwajin ping ya gaza, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton.
$ ping -t 10 www.google.com
7. Girman fakitin tsoho yakamata ya isa don gwajin ping, duk da haka, zaku iya canza shi don saduwa da takamaiman buƙatun ku. Kuna iya ƙididdige girman abin da aka biya, a adadin bytes ta amfani da zaɓin -s, wanda zai haifar da jimlar girman fakitin ƙimar da aka bayar tare da ƙarin bytes 8 don taken ICMP.
$ ping -s 1000 www.google.com
8. Idan an ƙayyade preload, ping yana aika fakiti da yawa ba sa jiran amsa. Lura cewa tushen kawai zai iya zaɓar preload fiye da 3, in ba haka ba, yi amfani da umarnin sudo don samun tushen gata.
$ sudo ping -l 5 www.google.com
9. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a saita lokacin jira don amsawa, cikin daƙiƙa, ta amfani da zaɓin -W kamar yadda aka nuna.
$ ping -W 10 www.google.com
10. Don saita lokacin ƙarewa a cikin daƙiƙa, kafin ping ya fita ba tare da la'akari da fakiti nawa aka aika ko karɓa ba, yi amfani da tutar -w.
$ ping -w 10 www.google.com
11. Zaɓin -d yana ba ku damar kunna dalla-dalla fakitin IP ɗin da aka cire kamar yadda aka nuna.
$ ping -d www.google.com
12. Kuna iya kunna fitar da kalmomi ta amfani da alamar -v, kamar haka.
$ ping -v www.google.com
Lura: Ba lallai ba ne a yi amfani da Ping don gwada haɗin yanar gizon, kawai yana gaya muku ko adireshin IP yana aiki ko baya aiki. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani dashi tare da MTR - kayan aikin bincike na cibiyar sadarwa na zamani yana haɗa ayyukan ping da traceroute kuma yana ba da ƙarin fasali da yawa.
Don cikakkun jerin kayan aikin sadarwar, duba: Jagorar Sysadmin na Linux don Gudanar da hanyar sadarwa, Shirya matsala da Debugging.
Ping hanya ce ta gama gari don warware matsalar samun damar runduna akan hanyar sadarwa. A cikin wannan labarin, mun bayyana misalan umarnin ping guda 12 masu amfani don gwada iyawar na'urar da ke da hanyar sadarwa. Raba tunanin ku tare da mu ta hanyar sharhin da ke ƙasa.