LFCA: Koyi don Sarrafa Lokaci da Rana a cikin Linux - Sashe na 6
Wannan labarin shine Sashi na 6 na jerin LFCA, a nan a wannan ɓangaren, zaku sanar da kanku game da ƙa'idodin tsarin gudanarwa na gaba ɗaya don sarrafa saitunan lokaci da kwanan wata a cikin tsarin Linux.
Lokaci yana da mahimmanci a cikin kowane tsarin Linux. Yawancin sabis kamar crontab, anacron, wariyar ajiya da dawo da sabis sun dogara da cikakken lokaci don aiwatar da ayyukansu kamar yadda ake tsammani.
Linux yana da nau'ikan agogo 2:
- Agogon kayan aiki - Wannan shine agogo mai ƙarfin baturi wanda kuma ake kira agogon CMOS ko RTC (Real Time Clock). Agogo yana aiki ne da kansa ba tare da tsarin aiki ba & yana ci gaba da gudana koda kuwa an kashe tsarin idan har batirin CMOS yana nan.
- Agogon tsarin (agogon software) - Wannan kuma ana kiranta agogon kwaya. A lokacin taya, an fara aikin agogo daga agogon kayan aiki kuma zai dauke ta daga can.
Yawancin lokaci, akwai bambanci tsakanin lokaci biyu kamar yadda a hankali suke shaku da juna. Zamu zo ga wannan daga baya kuma mu nuna muku yadda zaku iya daidaita waɗannan agogo.
A yanzu, zamu ga yadda zaku iya bincika lokaci da kwanan wata akan tsarin Linux.
Duba Lokaci da Kwanan Wata Akan Tsarin Linux
Akwai manyan abubuwan amfani guda biyu da ake amfani dasu don bincika lokaci da kwanan wata akan tsarin Linux. Na farko shine umarnin kwanan wata. Ba tare da wata hujja ba, tana ba da ɗan bayanin da aka nuna
$ date Friday 26 March 2021 11:15:39 AM IST
Don duba kwanan wata a cikin tsarin dd-mm-yy kawai, aiwatar da umurnin:
$ date +"%d-%m-%y" 26-03-21
Idan kawai kuna son duba lokacin yanzu kawai kuma ba komai, yi amfani da umarnin:
$ date "+%T" 11:17:11
Umurnin timedatectl sabon amfani ne wanda ake amfani dashi a tsarin Linux na zamani kamar Ubuntu 18.04, RHEL 8 & CentOS 8. Yana maye gurbin umarnin kwanan wata wanda yayi fice a tsohuwar tsarin SysVinit. Ana iya amfani dashi don tambaya da daidaita lokaci akan tsarin Linux.
Ba tare da wani zaɓi ba, umarnin timedatectl yana fitar da bayanai iri-iri kamar su lokaci na gida, lokacin UTC, lokacin RTC, da kuma yankin lokaci don ambata kaɗan.
$ timedatectl
Yadda zaka saita Lokaci akan tsarin Linux
A kan tsarin Linux, lokaci ya dogara da yankin lokaci wanda aka saita. Don bincika lokacin da aka saita akan tsarin ku, ba da umarnin:
$ timedatectl | grep Time
Daga abubuwan da aka fitar a cikin snippet din da ke sama, Ina cikin yankin Afirka/Nairobi na yankin lokaci. Don duba samfuran lokaci, gudana umarnin:
$ timedatectl list-timezones
Latsa ENTER don gungurawa cikin jerin jerin yankuna masu yuwuwa da ke akwai.
Hakanan an bayyana lokuttan lokaci a cikin/usr/share/zoneinfo/hanya kamar yadda aka nuna.
$ ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu da zaku iya amfani dasu don saita lokaci. Ta amfani da umarnin timedatectl, zaka iya saita sashin lokaci, misali, zuwa America/Chicago, ta amfani da rubutun da aka nuna.
$ timedatectl set-timezone 'America/Chicago'
Wata hanyar da zaku iya saita yankin ita ce ƙirƙirar alamar alama daga fayil ɗin lokaci a cikin/usr/share/zoneinfo to/etc/localtime. Misali, don saita yankin lokaci na gida zuwa EST (Lokacin Gabas ta Tsakiya), ba da umarnin:
$ sudo ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/EST /etc/localtime
Sanya Kwanan Wata da Lokaci akan Tsarin Linux
Don saita lokaci kawai a kan tsarin Linux ta amfani da tsarin HH: MM: SS (Sa'a: Minti: Na biyu), yi amfani da rubutun da ke ƙasa
$ timedatectl set-time 18:30:45
Don saita kwanan wata kawai cikin tsarin YY-MM-DD (Shekarar: Wata: Rana), yi amfani da rubutun:
$ timedatectl set-time 20201020
Don saita kwanan wata da lokaci, gudu:
$ timedatectl set-time '2020-10-20 18:30:45'
NOTE: Da hannu saita lokaci da kwanan wata ta wannan hanya ba da shawarar tunda kuna iya daidaita saitunan lokaci da kwanan wata mara daidai. A zahiri, ta tsohuwa, ana aiki tare da atomatik don hana ku yin saitin lokaci da kwanan wata.
Hanya mafi dacewa da za a saita lokaci ita ce ta hanyar tantance yankin da kake ciki kamar yadda aka nuna a baya ko kunna aiki tare na atomatik tare da uwar garken NTP mai nisa.
Saita Aiki na Lokacin atomatik ta amfani da NTP Server
NTP takaice ne don Protocol na Lokacin Sadarwa, wanda yake yarjejeniya ce ta intanet wacce ake amfani da ita don daidaita agogon lokaci tare da tafki kan sabobin NTP na kan layi.
Ta amfani da umarnin timedatectl, zaka iya saita aiki tare da atomatik kamar haka:
$ timedatectl set-ntp true
Don kashe aiki tare na NTP na atomatik, aiwatar da:
$ timedatectl set-ntp false
Lokaci-lokaci da umarnin kwanan wata kayan aikin layin umarni ne masu sauƙi waɗanda zasu iya taimaka maka duba da daidaita lokacinka akan Linux.