Yadda ake gyara passwd: Kuskuren magudin tabbatarwa a cikin Linux


A cikin Linux, ana amfani da umarnin passwd don saita ko canza kalmar sirri ta mai amfani, yayin amfani da wannan umarni wasu lokuta masu amfani zasu iya fuskantar kuskure: \passwd: Kuskuren magudin token tabbatarwa kamar yadda aka nuna a misali na ƙasa.

Kwanan nan na shiga sabar ta CentOS ta amfani da sunan mai amfani na tecmint. Da zarar na shiga ina ƙoƙarin canza kalmar sirri ta ta amfani da passwd utility, amma daƙiƙa guda bayan ina samun waɗannan saƙonnin kuskure.

# su - tecmint
$ passwd tecmint
Changing password for user tecmint
Changing password for tecmint

(current) UNIX password: 
passwd: Authentication token manipulation error 

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu yi bayanin hanyoyi daban-daban na gyara \passwd: Kuskuren sarrafa alamar tabbatarwa a cikin tsarin Linux.

1. Sake yi System

Magani na farko shine sake kunna tsarin ku. Ba zan iya faɗi ainihin dalilin da yasa wannan yayi aiki ba, amma ya yi min aiki akan CentOS 7 na.

$ sudo reboot 

Idan wannan ya gaza, gwada mafita na gaba.

2. Saita Madaidaicin Saitunan Module na PAM

Wani dalili mai yiwuwa na \passwd: Kuskuren satar token token kuskure ne saitunan PAM (Pluggable Authentication Module).

Ana samun saitunan daban-daban na PAM a /etc/pam.d/.

$ ls -l /etc/pam.d/

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 142 Mar 23  2017 abrt-cli-root
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 272 Mar 22  2017 atd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 192 Jan 26 07:41 chfn
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 192 Jan 26 07:41 chsh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 232 Mar 22  2017 config-util
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 293 Aug 23  2016 crond
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 115 Nov 11  2010 eject
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  19 Apr 12  2012 fingerprint-auth -> fingerprint-auth-ac
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 659 Apr 10  2012 fingerprint-auth-ac
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 147 Oct  5  2009 halt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 728 Jan 26 07:41 login
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 172 Nov 18  2016 newrole
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 154 Mar 22  2017 other
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 146 Nov 23  2015 passwd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  16 Apr 12  2012 password-auth -> password-auth-ac
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 896 Apr 10  2012 password-auth-ac
....

Misali fayil ɗin da ba daidai ba /etc/pam.d/common-password zai iya haifar da wannan kuskuren, gudanar da umarnin pam-auth-update tare da tushen gata zai iya gyara matsalar.

$ sudo pam-auth-update

3. Remount Tushen Partition

Hakanan kuna iya ganin wannan kuskuren idan an ɗora ɓangaren / kamar yadda ake karantawa kawai, wanda ke nufin ba za a iya canza fayil ɗin ba don haka ba za a iya saita kalmar sirrin mai amfani ko canza ba. Don gyara wannan kuskuren, kuna buƙatar hawa tushen bangare kamar yadda ake karantawa/rubuta kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ sudo mount -o remount,rw /

4. Sanya Ingantattun izini akan Fayil ɗin Shadow

Izinin kuskure akan fayil ɗin /etc/shadow, wanda ke adana ainihin kalmomin shiga don asusun mai amfani a cikin rufaffen tsari na iya haifar da wannan kuskuren. Don duba izini akan wannan fayil, yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa.

$ ls -l  /etc/shadow

Don saita madaidaicin izini akansa, yi amfani da umarnin chmod kamar haka.

$ sudo chmod 0640 /etc/shadow

5. Gyara da Gyara Kurakurai na Tsarin Fayil

Ƙananan rumbun ajiya ko kurakuran tsarin fayil na iya haifar da kuskuren da ake tambaya. Kuna iya amfani da kayan aikin bincika diski na Linux kamar fsck don gyara irin waɗannan kurakuran.

6. Kyauta Up Space Space

Bugu da ƙari, idan faifan ku ya cika, to ba za ku iya canza kowane fayil akan faifai ba musamman lokacin da girman fayil ɗin ke nufin ƙarawa. Wannan kuma na iya haifar da kuskuren da ke sama. A wannan yanayin, karanta labarinmu na gaba don tsaftace sararin diski na iya taimakawa wajen magance wannan kuskure.

  1. Agedu - Kayan aiki Mai Fa'ida don Bibiyar Rushewar Sararin Disk a cikin Linux
  2. BleachBit - Mai Tsabtace sarari na Disk da Tsaron Sirri don Tsarin Linux
  3. Yadda ake Nemo da Cire Kwafi/Fayilolin da ba'a so a Linux Ta amfani da Kayan aikin 'FSlint'

Hakanan zaku sami waɗannan labaran da suka shafi sarrafa kalmomin shiga cikin Linux.

  1. Yadda ake Sake saita Tushen Kalmar wucewa da aka manta a cikin RHEL/CentOS da Fedora
  2. Yadda ake tilasta mai amfani don canza kalmar wucewa a Shiga na gaba a Linux
  3. Yadda ake Gudun Umurnin 'sudo' Ba tare da Shigar da Kalmar wucewa a Linux ba

Shi ke nan a yanzu! Idan kun san duk wata hanyar da za a gyara \passwd: Kuskuren magudin alamar tabbatarwa, sanar da mu ta hanyar bayanan da ke ƙasa. Za mu yi godiya da gudummawar ku.