MTR - Kayan aikin bincike na hanyar sadarwa don Linux
MTR abu ne mai sauƙi, kayan aikin bincike na layin umarni-dandamali wanda ke haɗa ayyukan da ake amfani da su na traceroute da shirye-shiryen ping a cikin kayan aiki guda ɗaya. A cikin irin wannan yanayin kamar traceroute, mtr yana buga bayanai game da hanyar da fakiti ke ɗauka daga mai watsa shiri wanda mtr ke gudana zuwa ga mai amfani da aka ƙayyade.
Duk da haka, mtr yana nuna tarin bayanai fiye da traceroute: yana ƙayyade hanyar zuwa na'ura mai nisa yayin buga kashi na amsawa da kuma lokacin amsawa na duk hanyoyin sadarwa a cikin hanyar intanet tsakanin tsarin gida da na'ura mai nisa.
Da zarar kun kunna mtr, zai bincika haɗin yanar gizo tsakanin tsarin gida da mai watsa shiri mai nisa wanda kuka ƙayyade. Da farko yana kafa adireshin kowace cibiyar sadarwa (bridges, routers da gateways da dai sauransu) tsakanin runduna, sannan pings (aika jerin buƙatun ICMP ECHO zuwa ga) kowane ɗayan don tantance ingancin hanyar haɗin zuwa kowace na'ura.
A lokacin wannan aiki, mtr yana fitar da wasu ƙididdiga masu amfani game da kowace na'ura - sabunta su a cikin ainihin lokaci, ta tsohuwa.
Wannan kayan aikin ya zo da an riga an shigar dashi akan yawancin rarrabawar Linux kuma yana da sauƙin amfani da zarar kun shiga cikin misalan umarni na 10 mtr don binciken cibiyar sadarwa a cikin Linux, bayanin da ke ƙasa.
Idan ba'a shigar da mtr ba, zaku iya shigar da shi akan rabe-raben Linux ɗinku ta amfani da tsoho mai sarrafa fakitin ku kamar yadda aka nuna.
$ sudo apt install mtr $ sudo yum install mtr $ sudo dnf install mtr
10 MTR Network Diagnostics Tool Misalan Amfani
1. Misali mafi sauƙi na amfani da mtr shine samar da sunan yanki ko adireshin IP na na'ura mai nisa a matsayin hujja, misali google.com ko 216.58.223.78. Wannan umarnin zai nuna maka rahoton binciken binciken da aka sabunta a ainihin-lokaci, har sai kun fita daga shirin (ta danna q ko Ctrl + C).
$ mtr google.com OR $ mtr 216.58.223.78 Start: Thu Jun 28 12:10:13 2018 HOST: TecMint Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev 1.|-- 192.168.0.1 0.0% 5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.0 2.|-- 5.5.5.211 0.0% 5 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.3 0.0 3.|-- 209.snat-111-91-120.hns.n 80.0% 5 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 0.0 4.|-- 72.14.194.226 0.0% 5 1.9 2.9 1.9 4.4 1.1 5.|-- 108.170.248.161 0.0% 5 2.9 3.5 2.0 4.3 0.7 6.|-- 216.239.62.237 0.0% 5 3.0 6.2 2.9 18.3 6.7 7.|-- bom05s12-in-f14.1e100.net 0.0% 5 2.1 2.4 2.0 3.8 0.5
2. Kuna iya tilasta mtr ya nuna adiresoshin IP na lamba maimakon sunayen masu masaukin baki (yawanci FQDNs - Sunayen Domain Suna cikakke), ta amfani da alamar -n kamar yadda aka nuna.
$ mtr -n google.com Start: Thu Jun 28 12:12:58 2018 HOST: TecMint Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev 1.|-- 192.168.0.1 0.0% 5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.0 2.|-- 5.5.5.211 0.0% 5 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.0 3.|-- ??? 100.0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.|-- 72.14.194.226 0.0% 5 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 0.0 5.|-- 108.170.248.161 0.0% 5 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.4 0.0 6.|-- 216.239.62.237 0.0% 5 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.3 0.0 7.|-- 172.217.160.174 0.0% 5 3.7 3.6 2.0 5.3 1.4
3. Idan kuna son mtr ya nuna sunayen masu masaukin baki biyu da kuma lambobin IP masu lamba yi amfani da alamar -b kamar yadda aka nuna.
$ mtr -b google.com Start: Thu Jun 28 12:14:36 2018 HOST: TecMint Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev 1.|-- 192.168.0.1 0.0% 5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.0 2.|-- 5.5.5.211 0.0% 5 0.7 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.0 3.|-- 209.snat-111-91-120.hns.n 0.0% 5 1.4 1.6 1.3 2.1 0.0 4.|-- 72.14.194.226 0.0% 5 1.8 2.1 1.8 2.6 0.0 5.|-- 108.170.248.209 0.0% 5 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.0 0.0 6.|-- 216.239.56.115 0.0% 5 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.9 0.0 7.|-- bom07s15-in-f14.1e100.net 0.0% 5 3.7 2.2 1.7 3.7 0.9
4. Don iyakance adadin pings zuwa takamaiman ƙima kuma fita mtr bayan waɗannan pings, yi amfani da tutar -c. Idan ka lura daga ginshiƙin Snt, da zarar an kai ƙayyadadden adadin pings, sabuntawar rayuwa yana tsayawa kuma shirin ya fita.
$ mtr -c5 google.com
5. Kuna iya saita shi zuwa yanayin rahoto ta amfani da alamar -r, zaɓi mai amfani don samar da ƙididdiga game da ingancin cibiyar sadarwa. Kuna iya amfani da wannan zaɓi tare da zaɓin -c don tantance adadin pings. Tunda an buga kididdigar zuwa fitarwa na std, zaku iya tura su zuwa fayil don bincike na gaba.
$ mtr -r -c 5 google.com >mtr-report
Tutar -w tana ba da damar yanayin rahoto mai faɗi don fitowar haske.
$ mtr -rw -c 5 google.com >mtr-report
6. Hakanan zaka iya sake tsara filayen fitarwa yadda kake so, wannan yana yiwuwa ta alamar -o kamar yadda aka nuna (duba shafin mtr man don ma'anar lakabin filin).
$ mtr -o "LSDR NBAW JMXI" 216.58.223.78
7. Tsohuwar tazara tsakanin buƙatun ICMP ECHO shine daƙiƙa ɗaya, zaku iya tantance tazara tsakanin buƙatun ICMP ECHO ta canza ƙimar ta amfani da alamar -i kamar yadda aka nuna.
$ mtr -i 2 google.com
8. Kuna iya amfani da fakitin TCP SYN ko UDP datagram maimakon tsoffin buƙatun ICMP ECHO kamar yadda aka nuna.
$ mtr --tcp test.com OR $ mtr --udp test.com
9. Don ƙayyade iyakar adadin hops (tsoho shine 30) da za a bincika tsakanin tsarin gida da na'ura mai nisa, yi amfani da alamar -m.
$ mtr -m 35 216.58.223.78
10. Yayin binciken ingancin hanyar sadarwa, zaku iya saita girman fakitin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin bytes ta amfani da alamar -s kamar haka.
$ mtr -r -s PACKETSIZE -c 5 google.com >mtr-report
Tare da waɗannan misalan, ya kamata ku kasance da kyau don tafiya tare da amfani da mtr, duba shafin mutum don ƙarin zaɓuɓɓukan amfani.
$ man mtr
Hakanan duba waɗannan jagororin masu amfani game da saitunan cibiyar sadarwar Linux da magance matsala:
- 13 Kanfigareshan hanyar sadarwa na Linux da Dokokin magance matsala
- Yadda ake Toshe Buƙatun Ping ICMP zuwa Tsarin Linux
Shi ke nan a yanzu! MTR abu ne mai sauƙi, mai sauƙin amfani kuma sama da duk kayan aikin bincike na cibiyar sadarwa ta dandamali. A cikin wannan jagorar, mun bayyana misalan umarni na 10 mtr a cikin Linux. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi, ko tunani don raba tare da mu, yi amfani da fom ɗin sharhi a ƙasa.