Yadda ake Sanya Sabar Yanar Gizo ta Apache akan Ubuntu 18.04

Sabar HTTP ta Apache kyauta ce, buɗaɗɗen tushe, mai ƙarfi, tsayayye, abin dogaro da sabar gidan yanar gizon giciye da aka fi amfani da ita, wanda ke gudana akan tsarin Unix-kamar tsarin aiki kamar Linux da Windows. Yana ba da fasalulluka masu ƙarfi da yawa waɗanda ke ƙunshe da na'urori masu ɗorewa, tallafin kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi, da babban haɗin kai tare da wasu mashahurin software. Hakanan yana aiki azaman wakili na baya ga wasu sabobin, misali sabobin aikace-aikacen kamar su Nodejs, Python da ƙari.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu yi bayanin yadda ake shigar da sabar yanar gizo ta Apache akan Ubuntu 18.04. Za mu kuma duba yadda ake sarrafa sabis na Apache ta hanyar systemd da ƙirƙirar runduna ta musamman don kafa gidajen yanar gizo.

Mataki 1: Sanya Apache akan Ubuntu 18.04

1. Ana samun Apache daga ma'ajin software na Ubuntu, fara farawa ta hanyar sabunta tsarin fakitin tsarin ku sannan shigar da kunshin Apache da kuma abubuwan dogaro ta amfani da mai sarrafa fakitin APT.

$ sudo apt update 
$ sudo apt install apache2

Da zarar kun sami nasarar shigar da sabar gidan yanar gizon Apache, ɗauki bayanin kula da waɗannan mahimman fayilolin Apache da kundayen adireshi.

Main config directory: /etc/apache2/.
Babban fayil ɗin daidaitawa: /etc/apache2/apache2.conf.
Ƙarin snippets na daidaitawa: /etc/apache2/conf-available/ da /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/.
Snippets snippets na kowane rukunin runduna masu kama-da-wane: /etc/apache2/sites-available/ da /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/.
Snippets na daidaitawa don loda kayayyaki: /etc/apache2/mods-available/ da /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/.
Takardun Yanar Gizo: /var/www/html/.
Log files(kuskure da shiga rajistan ayyukan) directory: /var/log/apache/.

2. Bayan tsarin shigarwa na Apache, ya kamata a fara sabis na sabar yanar gizo ta atomatik, za ku iya duba idan yana aiki tare da umarni mai zuwa.

$ sudo systemctl status apache2

3. Yanzu da sabar gidan yanar gizon ku ta Apache tana aiki, bari mu bi wasu ƙa'idodin gudanarwa don sarrafa sabis ɗin Apache ta amfani da waɗannan umarni masu zuwa.

$ sudo systemctl status apache2
$ sudo systemctl stop apache2
$ sudo systemctl start apache2
$ sudo systemctl restart apache2
$ sudo systemctl reload apache2
$ sudo systemctl enable apache2
$ sudo systemctl disable apache2

4. Na gaba, idan kuna kunna wuta ta UFW kuma tana aiki akan tsarin ku, kuna buƙatar buɗe tashoshin jiragen ruwa 80 da 443 don ba da izinin buƙatun abokin ciniki zuwa sabar yanar gizo ta Apache ta HTTP da HTTPS bi da bi, sannan sake kunna saitunan Tacewar zaɓi ta amfani da bin umarni.

$ sudo ufw allow 80/tcp
$ sudo ufw allow 443/tcp
$ sudo ufw  reload

Mataki 2: Duba Apache Web Server akan Ubuntu 18.04

5. Yanzu gwada idan shigarwa na Apache2 yana aiki da kyau; bude mai binciken gidan yanar gizo kuma shigar da URL mai zuwa don samun dama ga tsohuwar shafin yanar gizon Apache.

http://domain_name/
OR
http://SERVER_IP/

Idan kun ga wannan shafin, yana nufin sabar yanar gizon ku ta Apache tana aiki lafiya. Hakanan yana nuna wasu mahimman bayanai game da mahimman fayilolin sanyi na Apache da wuraren shugabanci.

Lura: Idan kuna son yin amfani da sunan yanki mai lalacewa kamar tecmint.local, wanda ba cikakken yanki bane mai rijista, zaku iya saita DNS na gida ta amfani da fayil ɗin /etc/hosts akan injin inda kuke. zai shiga shafin yanar gizon tsoho na Apache.

$ sudo vim /etc/hosts

Sa'an nan kuma ƙara layin mai zuwa a kasan fayil ɗin, tabbatar da maye gurbin 192.168.56.101 da tecmint.local tare da adireshin IP na uwar garken ku da sunan yankin gida.

192.168.56.101 tecmint.local

Mataki 3: Kafa Apache Virtual Runduna akan Ubuntu 18.04

6. Na gaba, za mu bayyana yadda ake ƙirƙirar runduna masu kama-da-wane a cikin uwar garken Apache HTTP (mai kama da tubalan sabar Nginx) don gidajen yanar gizon ku. Misali, idan kuna da rukunin yanar gizon da ake kira example.com wanda kuke son ɗaukar nauyin VPS ɗinku ta amfani da Apache, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar runduna mai kama da ita a ƙarƙashin /etc/apache2/sites- akwai/ .

Da farko fara da ƙirƙirar tushen tushen daftarin aiki don yankinku example.com, inda za a adana fayilolin rukunin yanar gizon ku.

$ sudo mkdir -p /var/www/html/example.com/

7. Sannan saita izini masu dacewa akan kundin adireshi kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ sudo chmod -R 775 /var/www/html/example.com/
$ sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/example.com/

8. Na gaba, ƙirƙiri shafin gwaji na html don rukunin yanar gizon ku a tushen tushen gidan yanar gizon ku.

$ sudo vim /var/www/html/example.com/index.html

Ciki, ƙara samfurin HTML mai zuwa.

<html>
    <head>
        <title>Welcome to Example.com!</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>The example.com virtual host is working!</h1>
    </body>
</html>

Ajiye kuma rufe fayil ɗin idan kun gama.

9. Yanzu ƙirƙiri example.com.conf fayil ɗin mai masaukin baki don rukunin yanar gizon ku a ƙarƙashin /etc/apache2/sites-available/ directory.

$ sudo vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/example.com.conf

Manna a cikin umarnin daidaitawa mai zuwa, wanda yayi kama da tsoho, amma sabuntawa tare da sabon kundin adireshi da sunan yanki.

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName example.com
    ServerAlias www.example.com
    ServerAdmin [email 
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/example.com/
    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/example.com_error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/example.com_access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

Ajiye kuma rufe fayil ɗin idan kun gama.

10. Yanzu kunna saitunan rukunin yanar gizon ku ta amfani da mai amfani a2ensite.

$ sudo a2ensite example.com.conf

11. Na gaba, gwada saitunan Apache2 don kowane kurakurai, idan duk ya yi kyau, sake kunna sabis na apache2, kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ sudo apache2ctl configtest
$ sudo systemctl restart apache2

12. Tunda sunan yankin example.com yanki ne na dummy (ba cikakken yanki mai rijista ba), kuna buƙatar saita DNS na gida ta ƙara shi fayil ɗin /etc/hosts.

$ sudo vim /etc/hosts

Sa'an nan kuma ƙara layin mai zuwa a kasan fayil ɗin, tabbatar da maye gurbin 192.168.56.101 da kuma misali.com tare da adireshin IP na uwar garken ku da sunan yankin gida.

192.168.56.101 example.com

Ajiye fayil ɗin kuma fita.

13. A ƙarshe buɗe mai binciken gidan yanar gizo kuma shiga cikin shafukan yanar gizo na gwaji ta amfani da URLs masu zuwa, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton.

http://example.com

Shi ke nan! A cikin wannan labarin, mun bayyana yadda ake shigar da sabar gidan yanar gizon Apache akan Ubuntu 18.04. Mun kuma duba yadda ake gudanar da tsarin Aapche2 ta hanyar tsarin, da ƙirƙira da ba da damar saitin runduna mai kama da kowane rukunin yanar gizo. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi, yi amfani da fam ɗin sharhin da ke ƙasa don tuntuɓar mu.