Yadda za a Sanya Adireshin IP na Yanar Gizo a cikin Ubuntu 18.04

Netplan sabon tsarin tsarin hanyar sadarwar umarni ne wanda aka gabatar a cikin Ubuntu 17.10 don sarrafawa da daidaita saitunan cibiyar sadarwa cikin sauƙi a cikin tsarin Ubuntu. Yana ba ku damar saita hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa ta amfani da abstraction YAML. Yana aiki tare da NetworkManager da tsarin daemon hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa (wanda ake magana da shi azaman masu samarwa, zaku iya zaɓar ɗayan waɗannan don amfani) azaman musaya zuwa kernel.

Yana karanta saitin hanyar sadarwa da aka siffanta a /etc/netplan/*.yaml kuma zaka iya adana saiti don duk mu'amalar hanyar sadarwarka a cikin waɗannan fayilolin.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu yi bayanin yadda ake saita a tsaye na cibiyar sadarwa ko adireshi IP mai ƙarfi don ƙirar hanyar sadarwa a cikin Ubuntu 18.04 ta amfani da kayan aikin Netplan.

Lissafa Duk Interfaces Network Active akan Ubuntu

Da farko, kuna buƙatar gano cibiyar sadarwar da zaku saita. Kuna iya lissafin duk hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizon da aka haɗe akan tsarin ku ta amfani da umarnin ifconfig kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ ifconfig -a

Daga fitowar umarnin da ke sama, muna da hanyoyin sadarwa guda 3 da aka haɗe zuwa tsarin Ubuntu: 2 ethernet interfaces da madauki na baya. Koyaya, ba a saita hanyar haɗin yanar gizo ta enp0s8 ba kuma bashi da adireshi na IP.

Sanya Adireshin IP na Static a cikin Ubuntu 18.04

A cikin wannan misalin, za mu daidaita IP ɗin tsaye don enp0s8 cibiyar sadarwar ethernet. Bude fayil ɗin sanyi na netplan ta amfani da editan rubutu kamar yadda aka nuna.

Muhimmi: Idan mai shigar da rarraba bai ƙirƙiri fayil ɗin YAML ba, zaku iya samar da tsarin da ake buƙata don masu samarwa tare da wannan umarni.

$ sudo netplan generate 

Bugu da ƙari, fayilolin da aka ƙirƙira ta atomatik na iya samun sunaye daban-daban akan tebur, sabobin, saurin girgije da sauransu (misali 01-network-manager-all.yaml ko 01-netcfg.yaml), amma duk fayiloli a ƙarƙashin /etc/netplan/*.yaml netplan zai karanta.

$ sudo vim /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml 

Sa'an nan kuma ƙara wannan tsari a ƙarƙashin sashin ethernet.

enp0s8:				
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
      addresses: [192.168.56.110/24, ]
      gateway4:  192.168.56.1
      nameservers:
              addresses: [8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4]

Inda:

• enp0s8 - sunan cibiyar sadarwa.
• dhcp4 da dhcp6 - dhcp kaddarorin ke dubawa don IPv4 da IPv6 karɓa.
• adireshi - jerin adiresoshin a tsaye zuwa wurin dubawa.
• gateway4 – adireshin IPv4 don tsohowar ƙofar.
• servers – jerin adiresoshin IP don mai suna.

Da zarar kun ƙara, fayil ɗin daidaitawar ku ya kamata yanzu yana da abun ciki mai zuwa, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke biyowa. Ƙididdiga ta farko enp0s3 an saita ta don amfani da DHCP kuma enp0s8 za ta yi amfani da adireshin IP na tsaye.

Abubuwan adireshi na ma'amala suna tsammanin shigarwar jeri misali [192.168.14.2/24, 2001: 1:: 1/64] ko [192.168.56.110/24,] (duba netplan man page don ƙarin bayani).

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp0s3:
      dhcp4: yes
    enp0s8:
      dhcp4: no
      dhcp6: no
      addresses: [192.168.56.110/24, ]
      gateway4:  192.168.56.1
      nameservers:
              addresses: [8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4]

Ajiye fayil ɗin kuma fita. Sannan yi amfani da canje-canjen hanyar sadarwar kwanan nan ta amfani da bin umarnin netplan.

$ sudo netplan apply

Yanzu tabbatar da duk hanyoyin sadarwa na cibiyar sadarwa sau ɗaya sau ɗaya, enp0s8 ethernet interface yakamata a haɗa shi zuwa cibiyar sadarwar gida, kuma a sami adiresoshin IP kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke gaba.

$ ifconfig -a

Saita Dynamic DHCP Adireshin IP a cikin Ubuntu

Don saita mahaɗin ethernet enp0s8 don karɓar adireshin IP da ƙarfi ta hanyar DHCP, kawai yi amfani da wannan tsari.

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
 version: 2
 renderer: networkd
 ethernets:
   enp0s8:
     dhcp4: yes
     dhcp6: yes

Ajiye fayil ɗin kuma fita. Sannan yi amfani da canje-canjen hanyar sadarwar kwanan nan kuma tabbatar da adireshin IP ta amfani da umarni masu zuwa.

$ sudo netplan apply
$ ifconfig -a

Daga yanzu tsarin ku zai sami adireshin IP a hankali daga na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa.

Kuna iya samun ƙarin bayani da zaɓuɓɓukan daidaitawa ta hanyar tuntuɓar shafin mutum na netplan.

$ man netplan

Taya murna! Kun yi nasarar daidaita adiresoshin IP na cibiyar sadarwa zuwa sabar Ubuntu ku. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi, raba su tare da mu ta hanyar sharhin da ke ƙasa.