Yadda ake haɓakawa zuwa Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic Beaver

Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (mai suna \Bionic Beaver) an fito da sigar kwanciyar hankali. Za a tallafa masa tsawon shekaru 5 har zuwa Afrilu 2023.

A cikin wannan labarin, zamuyi bayanin yadda ake haɓakawa zuwa Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic Beaver daga Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ko 17.10.

Kafin mu ci gaba zuwa umarnin haɓakawa, bari mu kalli wasu sabbin fasalulluka da canje-canje a cikin 18.04:

• Shiga da Linux kernel 4.15.
• OpenJDK 10 shine tsohowar JRE/JDK.
• Gcc yanzu an saita zuwa tsoho don haɗa aikace-aikace.
• Tsohuwar sigar CIFS/SMB tana canzawa a cikin CIFS hawa.
• Yana goyan bayan ragewa don karewa daga Specter da Meltdown.
• An haɓaka kayan aikin bolt da thunderbolt zuwa babba.
• Libteam wanda yake akwai a cikin Mai sarrafa hanyar sadarwa, yana ba da tallafin haɗin gwiwa.
• Systemd-resolved shine tsoho mai warwarewa.
• ifupdown an daina amfani da netplan.io, a cikin sabbin shigarwa.
Ana iya amfani da umarnin networkctl don duba taƙaitaccen na'urorin cibiyar sadarwa.
• GPG binary an bayar da shi ta gnupg2.
• Za a yi amfani da fayil ɗin musanyawa ta tsohuwa maimakon swap partition, a cikin sabbin shigarwa.
• Python 2 ba a shigar da shi ba, kuma an sabunta Python 3 zuwa 3.6.
• Don sababbin shigarwa, mai sakawa ba ya ba da zaɓin gida da aka ɓoye ta amfani da ecryptfs-utils.
• OpenSSH baya amfani da maɓallan RSA ƙasa da 1024 bits da ƙari a ƙarƙashin nau'ikan tebur da sabar.

Gargaɗi: Fara da goyan bayan shigarwar Ubuntu ɗin ku ko mahimman fayiloli (takardun bayanai, hotuna da ƙari masu yawa), kafin yin haɓakawa. Ana ba da shawarar wannan saboda, wasu lokuta, haɓakawa baya tafiya yadda yakamata.

Ajiyayyen zai tabbatar da cewa bayananku sun kasance cikakke, kuma kuna iya dawo da su, idan aka sami wata gazawa yayin aikin haɓakawa, wanda zai haifar da asarar bayanai.

Haɓaka zuwa Ubuntu 18.04 Desktop

1. Da farko, tabbatar da cewa tsarin Ubuntu na yanzu ya kasance na zamani, in ba haka ba ku aiwatar da umarnin da ke ƙasa don sabunta cache ɗin fakitin da ya dace da aiwatar da haɓaka fakitin da aka shigar, zuwa sabbin nau'ikan.

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt upgrade 

Bayan haka, sake kunna tsarin ku don gama shigar da sabuntawa.

2. Na gaba, kaddamar da aikace-aikacen \Software & Updates daga System Settings.

3. Sannan danna Tab na uku \Updates.

4. Na gaba, A kan Ubuntu 17.04, saita\Sanar da ni sabon nau'in Ubuntu menu na zaɓuka zuwa Don kowane sabon sigar. Za a tambaye ku don tantancewa, shigar da kalmar wucewa don ci gaba. A kan Ubuntu 16.04, bar wannan saitin zuwa Don nau'ikan tallafi na dogon lokaci.

5. Daga nan sai a nemi \Software Updater sai a kaddamar da shi ko kuma ka budo tasha sannan ka gudanar da umurnin update-manager kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ update-manager -cd 

Mai sarrafa sabuntawa yakamata ya buɗe ya sanar da ku kamar haka: Ana samun sabon sakin rarrabawa '18.04'.

6. Daga nan sai ka danna \Upgrade sai ka shigar da kalmar sirrinka don ci gaba, sannan za a nuna maka shafin Ubuntu 18.04 release note page, karanta ta sai ka danna Upgrade.

7. Yanzu your inganci tsari zai fara kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin wadannan screenshot.

8. Karanta cikakkun bayanai na haɓakawa kuma tabbatar da cewa kuna son haɓakawa ta danna kan Fara Haɓakawa.

9. Da zarar kun tabbatar cewa kuna son haɓakawa, mai sarrafa sabuntawa zai fara zazzage fakitin Ubuntu 18.04 kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke gaba. Lokacin da aka dawo da duk fakitin, ba za a iya soke tsarin ba. Kuna iya danna kan Terminal don ganin yadda aikin haɓakawa ke gudana.

10. Bayan haka, za a shigar da duk fakitin Ubuntu 18.04 akan tsarin (wannan zai ɗauki ɗan lokaci), sannan a umarce ku da ko dai ku cire ko adana abubuwan da ba su da amfani. Bayan tsaftacewa kuma sake kunna tsarin don kammala haɓakawa.

11. Sannan, zaku iya shiga kuma fara amfani da Ubuntu 18.04 LTS.

Haɓaka zuwa uwar garken Ubuntu 18.04

Idan ba ku da damar jiki zuwa uwar garken ku, ana iya haɓaka haɓakawa akan SSH, kodayake wannan hanyar tana da babban iyaka guda ɗaya; idan aka rasa haɗin haɗin gwiwa, yana da wahala a warke. Koyaya, ana amfani da shirin allo na GNU don sake haɗawa ta atomatik idan an sami raguwar matsalolin haɗin gwiwa.

1. Fara ta hanyar shigar da sabuntawa-manager-core kunshin, idan ba a riga an shigar da shi ba kamar yadda aka nuna.

$ sudo apt install update-manager-core

2. Na gaba, tabbatar da cewa an saita layin gaggawa a /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades zuwa al'ada. Idan haka ne, ƙaddamar da kayan aikin haɓakawa tare da umarni mai zuwa.

$ sudo do-release-upgrade 

3. Sannan bi umarnin kan allo don ci gaba.

Kuna iya samun ƙarin bayani, musamman game da canje-canje a cikin faifan tebur da sabar sabar, daga shafin bayanin kula na Ubuntu 18.04.

Shi ke nan! A cikin wannan labarin, mun bayyana yadda ake haɓakawa zuwa Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic Beaver daga Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ko 17.10. Idan kuna da wata tambaya, tuntuɓe mu ta hanyar amsa tambayoyin da ke ƙasa.