Misalan Umurnin Linux sdiff don Linux Newbies
A cikin ɗayan labarinmu na farko, mun yi bayani game da 9 mafi kyawun kwatancen fayil da kayan aiki (Diff) don tsarin Linux. Mun jera cakuda layin umarni da kayan aikin GUI don kwatantawa da gano bambance-bambance tsakanin fayiloli, kowanne yana da wasu fasaloli masu ban mamaki. Wani amfani mai amfani ga Linux ana kiransa sdiff.
sdiff mai sauƙi ne mai amfani da layin umarni don nuna bambance-bambance tsakanin fayiloli biyu da haɗuwa tare. Yana da sauƙin amfani kuma ya zo tare da madaidaiciyar zaɓuɓɓukan amfani kamar yadda aka bayyana a ƙasa.
Ma'anar amfani da sdiff shine kamar haka.
$ sdiff option... file1 file2
Nuna Bambanci Tsakanin Fayiloli Biyu a cikin Linux
1. Hanya mafi sauƙi don gudanar da sdiff shine samar da sunayen fayiloli guda biyu da kuke ƙoƙarin kwatantawa. Zai nuna bambance-bambancen da aka haɗa gefe-da-gefe kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto mai zuwa.
$ cal >cal.txt $ df -h >du.txt $ sdiff du.txt cal.txt
Bi da duk Fayiloli azaman Fayilolin Rubutu
2. Don ɗaukar duk fayiloli azaman rubutu kuma kwatanta su layi-biyu, ko fayilolin rubutu ne ko a'a, yi amfani da tutar -a.
$ sdiff -a du.txt cal.txt Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on | April 2018 udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev | Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa tmpfs 788M 9.7M 779M 2% /run | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 /dev/sda10 324G 265G 43G 87% / | 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 tmpfs 3.9G 274M 3.6G 7% /dev/shm | 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock | 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup | 29 30 /dev/loop2 82M 82M 0 100% /snap/core/4206 | /dev/loop4 181M 181M 0 100% /snap/vlc/190 < /dev/loop1 87M 87M 0 100% /snap/core/4407 < /dev/loop0 189M 189M 0 100% /snap/vlc/158 < /dev/loop3 83M 83M 0 100% /snap/core/4327 < cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs < tmpfs 788M 40K 788M 1% /run/user/1000 <
Yi watsi da Shafuna da Farin sarari
3. Idan kuna da fayiloli tare da sararin samaniya da yawa, zaku iya gaya wa sdiff ya yi watsi da duk farar sarari yayin kwatanta ta amfani da maɓallin -W.
$ sdiff -W du.txt cal.txt
4. Hakanan zaka iya gaya wa sdiff ya yi watsi da kowane farin sarari a ƙarshen layi ta amfani da zaɓin -z.
$ sdiff -z du.txt cal.txt
5. Bugu da ƙari, za ka iya umurci sdiff don yin watsi da canje-canje saboda fadada shafin tare da alamar -E.
$ sdiff -E du.txt cal.txt
Yi watsi da Harka Yayin Kwatanta Bambanci
6. Don yin watsi da harka (inda sdiff ke ɗaukar manya- da ƙananan baƙaƙe kamar iri ɗaya), yi amfani da zaɓin -i kamar yadda aka nuna.
$ sdiff -i du.txt cal.txt
Yi watsi da Layukan da ba komai yayin Kwatanta Bambanci
7. Zaɓin -B yana taimakawa wajen yin watsi da layin da ba komai a cikin fayiloli.
$ sdiff -B du.txt cal.txt
Ƙayyade adadin ginshiƙan don fitarwa
8. sdiff yana ba ka damar saita adadin ginshiƙan da za a buga (default shine 130), ta amfani da maɓallin -w kamar haka.
$ sdiff -w 150 du.txt cal.txt
Fadada Shafuka zuwa Sarari
9. Don faɗaɗa shafuka zuwa sarari a cikin fitarwa, yi amfani da zaɓin -t.
$ sdiff -t du.txt cal.txt
Run sdiff Interactively
10. Tutar -o tana ba shi damar yin aiki tare da aika fitarwa zuwa fayil. A cikin wannan umarni, za a aika da fitarwa zuwa fayil ɗin sdiff.txt, danna Shigar bayan ganin alamar %, don samun menu na mu'amala.
$ sdiff du.txt cal.txt -o sdiff.txt
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on | April 2018
udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev | Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
tmpfs 788M 9.7M 779M 2% /run | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
/dev/sda10 324G 265G 43G 87% / | 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
tmpfs 3.9G 274M 3.6G 7% /dev/shm | 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock | 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup | 29 30
/dev/loop2 82M 82M 0 100% /snap/core/4206 |
/dev/loop4 181M 181M 0 100% /snap/vlc/190 <
/dev/loop1 87M 87M 0 100% /snap/core/4407 <
/dev/loop0 189M 189M 0 100% /snap/vlc/158 <
/dev/loop3 83M 83M 0 100% /snap/core/4327 <
cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs <
tmpfs 788M 40K 788M 1% /run/user/1000 <
%
ed: Edit then use both versions, each decorated with a header.
eb: Edit then use both versions.
el or e1: Edit then use the left version.
er or e2: Edit then use the right version.
e: Discard both versions then edit a new one.
l or 1: Use the left version.
r or 2: Use the right version.
s: Silently include common lines.
v: Verbosely include common lines.
q: Quit.
%
Lura cewa kuna buƙatar shigar da wasu editoci kamar ed akan tsarin ku kafin amfani da su, a cikin wannan yanayin.
Kira Wani Shirin Don Kwatanta Fayiloli
11. Canjin --diff-program yana ba ku damar kiran wani kayan aikin layin umarni, ban da sdiff kanta don kwatanta fayiloli, alal misali, zaku iya kiran tsarin diff kamar yadda aka nuna.
$ sdiff --diff-program=diff du.txt cal.txt
Don ƙarin bayani, tuntuɓi shafin sdiff man.
$ man sdiff
A cikin wannan labarin, mun kalli misalan kayan aikin layin umarni na sdiff don masu farawa. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi, yi amfani da fam ɗin sharhin da ke ƙasa don isa gare mu.