Hanyoyi 4 don Kallon ko Kula da Fayilolin Log a Ganiya


Ta yaya zan iya ganin abubuwan da ke cikin fayil ɗin log a ainihin lokacin a cikin Linux? To akwai abubuwa da yawa da za su iya taimaka wa mai amfani don fitar da abubuwan da ke cikin fayil yayin da fayil ke canzawa ko ci gaba da sabuntawa. Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi sani da amfani da su don nuna abun ciki na fayil a ainihin lokacin a cikin Linux shine umarnin wutsiya ( sarrafa fayiloli yadda ya kamata).

1. Umurnin wutsiya - Kula da rajistan ayyukan a cikin Real Time

Kamar yadda aka ce, umarnin wutsiya shine mafi yawan mafita don nuna fayil ɗin log a ainihin lokacin. Koyaya, umarnin don nuna fayil ɗin yana da nau'i biyu, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a misalan ƙasa.

A cikin misali na farko wutsiyar umarni tana buƙatar hujjar -f don bin abun ciki na fayil.

$ sudo tail -f /var/log/apache2/access.log

Siga na biyu na umarnin shine ainihin umarni da kansa: wutsiya. Ba za ku buƙaci amfani da canjin -f ba saboda an gina umarnin tare da mahawara -f.

$ sudo tailf /var/log/apache2/access.log

Yawancin lokaci, fayilolin log ɗin suna jujjuyawa akai-akai akan sabar Linux ta hanyar amfani da logrotate. Don kallon fayilolin log ɗin da ke jujjuyawa akan tushen yau da kullun zaku iya amfani da alamar -F zuwa umarnin wutsiya.

wutsiya -F za ta ci gaba da bin diddigin sabon fayil ɗin log ɗin kuma zai fara bin sabon fayil maimakon tsohon fayil.

$ sudo tail -F /var/log/apache2/access.log

Koyaya, ta tsohuwa, umarnin wutsiya zai nuna layin 10 na ƙarshe na fayil. Misali, idan kuna son kallo a ainihin lokacin layi biyu na ƙarshe na fayil ɗin log ɗin, yi amfani da fayil ɗin -n haɗe da alamar -f, kamar yadda aka nuna a ciki misalin da ke ƙasa.

$ sudo tail -n2 -f /var/log/apache2/access.log

2. Multitail Umurnin - Saka idanu Multiple Log Files a cikin Real Time

Wani umarni mai ban sha'awa don nuna fayilolin log a cikin ainihin lokaci shine umarnin multitail. Sunan umarnin yana nuna cewa mai amfani da wutsiya da yawa na iya saka idanu da kiyaye fayiloli da yawa a ainihin lokaci. Multitail kuma yana ba ku damar kewayawa da baya a cikin fayil ɗin da aka sa ido.

Don shigar da kayan aikin mulitail a cikin tsarin Debian da RedHat suna ba da umarnin da ke ƙasa.

$ sudo apt install multitail   [On Debian & Ubuntu]
$ sudo yum install multitail   [On RedHat & CentOS]
$ sudo dnf install multitail   [On Fedora 22+ version]

Don nuna fitarwa na fayil guda biyu a lokaci guda, aiwatar da umarnin kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin misalin da ke ƙasa.

$ sudo multitail /var/log/apache2/access.log /var/log/apache2/error.log

3. Umurnin lnav - Kula da Fayilolin Log da yawa a cikin Real Time

Wani umarni mai ban sha'awa, mai kama da umarnin multitail shine umarnin lnav. Hakanan mai amfani na Lnav yana iya kallo da bi fayiloli da yawa kuma yana nuna abun cikin su a ainihin lokacin.

Don shigar da kayan aikin lnav a cikin Debian da RedHat tushen rarraba Linux ta hanyar ba da umarnin da ke ƙasa.

$ sudo apt install lnav   [On Debian & Ubuntu]
$ sudo yum install lnav   [On RedHat & CentOS]
$ sudo dnf install lnav   [On Fedora 22+ version]

Kalli abun ciki na fayilolin log guda biyu lokaci guda ta hanyar ba da umarni kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin misalin da ke ƙasa.

$ sudo lnav /var/log/apache2/access.log /var/log/apache2/error.log

4. ƙasa da umurnin - Nuna Real Time Output na Log Files

A ƙarshe, zaku iya nuna fitowar fayil ɗin kai tsaye tare da ƙaramin umarni idan kun buga Shift+F.

Kamar yadda ake amfani da wutsiya, danna Shift+F a cikin buɗaɗɗen fayil a ƙasan zai fara bayan ƙarshen fayil ɗin. A madadin, zaku iya farawa ƙasa da ƙasa da alamar +F don shigar da kallon fayil ɗin kai tsaye.

$ sudo less +F  /var/log/apache2/access.log

Shi ke nan! Kuna iya karanta waɗannan labarai masu zuwa akan sa ido da sarrafa Log.

  1. Sarrafa fayiloli yadda ya kamata ta amfani da kai, wutsiya da Dokokin cat a cikin Linux
  2. Yadda ake Saita da Sarrafa jujjuya rajista ta amfani da Logrotate a cikin Linux
  3. Petiti - Kayan aikin Binciken Log Source na Buɗe don Linux SysAdmins
  4. Yadda ake tambayar rajistar rajista ta amfani da kayan aikin 'ausearch' akan CentOS/RHEL
  5. Sarrafa Saƙonnin Log a ƙarƙashin Na'ura ta Amfani da Journalctl [Ƙararren Jagora]

A cikin wannan labarin, mun nuna yadda ake kallon bayanan da ake sakawa a cikin fayilolin log a cikin ainihin lokaci akan tasha a Linux. Kuna iya yin kowace tambaya ko raba ra'ayoyinku game da wannan jagorar ta hanyar sharhin da ke ƙasa.